Humber Lifeboat Station

Humber Lifeboat Station
Humber Lifeboat
Humber Lifeboat Station
General information
Type	RNLI lifeboat station
Location	Port of Grimsby
Address	Wharncliffe Road N,
Town or city	Grimsby, North East Lincolnshire, DN31 3QF
Country	England
Coordinates	53°34′57.6″N0°03′59.2″W / 53.582667°N 0.066444°W / 53.582667; -0.066444
Opened	1810 / RNLI 1911
Owner	Royal National Lifeboat Institution
Website
Humber RNLI Lifeboat Station

Humber Lifeboat Station is located at Wharncliffe Rd North, within the Port of Grimsby, on the south shore of the Humber estuary, in North East Lincolnshire.

The station was opened in 1810, operated by Hull Trinity House, and was located on Spurn Point, now a tidal island, on the north side of the Humber estuary, attached to the south-east point of the East Riding of Yorkshire, by a three-mile (4.8 km) long narrow gradually moving Isthmus. Management of the station was transferred to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1911. ^[1]

The station currently operates a Severn-class All-weather lifeboat, 17-05 Pride of the Humber (ON 1216), which has been on station since 1997. ^[2]

History

A lifeboat station was established in 1810 at Spurn Point with a crew supplied by Hull Trinity House. ^[3] A decommissioned gun battery emplacement, last used in 1809, was requisitioned as the main lifeboat building and was also partly converted into the Life Boat House Hotel. The crew of the lifeboat were billeted in Kilnsea, 3 miles (5 km) up the coast, ^[4] until 1819 when cottages were built adjacent to the life boat house. ^[5] The Life Boat House Hotel was owned and operated by the master of the crew. Apart from selling drink and provisions, the master made a side income from loading gravel and sand onto passing ships. ^[6] The land and money to fund the operation had been supplied by the local lord of the manor. He petitioned Trinity House to take up the offer of the land and supply a lifeboat to use at Spurn. This they did, engaging Henry Greathead of South Shields in building a ship with ten oars. ^[7]

In the early days of the rescue boat, the mood of the crew at Spurn was sullen as they were not paid too well and were at the mercy of the master who ran the inn to provide what food and drink they needed. Locals from up the coast would come to load ships with gravel and sand, which they did brandishing revolvers, threatening the crew members, who viewed the enterprise as taking away their self-sufficiency. In 1811, the master wrote to Trinity House to complain about this "Law of the Dunes" as he labelled it, to which they had no legal recourse, with the nearest officials miles away. ^[8]

In December 1823, a fierce storm worked the ropes loose on the lifeboat and it capsized. It was ruined and needed replacing. ^[9] Something similar occurred 60 years later in 1883, again after a particularly stormy night, the crew discovered that their lifeboat had been loosed of its moorings during the storm. This time it was safe and was later found drifting off the island of Texel, off the coast of the Netherlands. ^[10]

Between 1908 and 1911, the station came under the aegis of the Humber Conservancy Board, ^[11] who argued that the lifeboat station and crew should be handed over to the RNLI. For their part, the RNLI were reluctant to take on the crew as they were paid, which went against its policy of having volunteers. ^[12] Eventually, these issues were sorted out and the RNLI assumed control in 1911. ^[13] In 1919, the first motorised boat, the Samuel Oakes was launched and in 1924, the station name was changed from Spurn Lifeboat to Humber Lifeboat Station. ^[14]

Spurn Lifeboat Station, before the lifeboats were moored afloat at the end of a jetty

The lifeboatmen were known to have taken advantage of the military railway between Spurn Point and Kilnsea as a means of quick transport up the coast to the village. They adapted a boat powered by wind to run along the line. When they met a military supply train travelling in the opposite direction, they were required to remove their sail wagon from the rails to allow the train to pass, ^[15] not an easy task as the sail wagon had no working brake. ^[16]

Due to the remoteness of the station, its restricted access (by road from the north) and the dangerous waters around this part of the east coast, the crew were on-site full time and were the only full-time paid RNLI All-weather lifeboat crew in the United Kingdom. ^[17]

The station was one of nine RNLI lifeboat stations situated along the Yorkshire Coast and the most southerly of them all. ^[18] Up until 2012, the families of the crew lived in cottages on Spurn Head adjacent to the lifeboat station, but a decision was taken to have two crews revolving through a roster and so the families moved to new accommodation in Kilnsea. ^[19] As the spit of land is prone to breaches, this was also viewed as in the best interests of the families of the crew members. ^[20] Latterly, the families had been housed in cottages built in 1975 to replace the row of houses first built in 1819. These were demolished when the seven new houses were built at a cost of £100,000. ^[21] The retaining wall built to hold the sea back from the domestic area still survives fulfilling its intended purpose. ^[22] From August 2012 to 2023, the two crews rotated through a shift of six days on and six days off. ^[23]

Humber Lifeboat at Spurn Jetty

The lifeboat was moored at the end of a pier that sets out into the Humber Estuary (westwards from Spurn Head) rather than a traditional launch down a ramp into the sea (which is on the eastern side of Spurn Head). This location has been described as being in the lee of bad weather, thereby providing a safer place to set off from. ^[24] The crew have pushbikes to cycle down to the end of the pier and then use a boarding boat to get to the lifeboat. ^[25] Despite some buildings being erected to launch the lifeboat, even from the early days, it was recognised of the difficulties in launching the boat from land, so it has been traditionally moored away from the coastline. ^[26] A traditional lifeboat house with slipway was built in 1923 and used up until 1977, but it fell into disuse with bigger lifeboats arriving, that were better moored afloat. The slipway and lifeboat house were demolished in 1995. ^[9]

The Humber Lifeboat has an operational area that covers the Humber estuary to Immingham Dock, south along the coastline to Skegness, northwards to Bridlington and up to a 100 miles (160 km) out to sea. This overlapped with the Cleethorpes Lifeboat to the south and the Withernsea Lifeboat to the north and to other rescue agencies along the river. ^[27] The Bridlington and Skegness lifeboats were the next nearest all-weather lifeboats along the east coast. ^{[28] [29]}

In February 2023, issues were found following a routine inspection of the infrastructure of the station. On the grounds of the cost and health & safety reasons, and with consideration of the continuing coastal erosion and difficulties with access, the decision was taken to permanently relocate the boat and crew from Spurn Point to Grimsby, on the south side of the Humber estuary, where there was a second base for the lifeboat at Grimsby Docks, previously used temporarily in certain weather conditions. Operations were transferred in June 2023. ^{[30] [31]}

On 31 May 2025, the RNLI finally closed the chapter of their presence at Spurn Point, handing over the remaining station buildings to the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust. ^[32]

Now with no access difficulties, and in line with all other All-weather lifeboat stations, Humber Lifeboat Station will gradually revert to a primarily volunteer crew. ^[33]

Notable rescues

A map showing the locations of both RNLI and independent lifeboat stations in Yorkshire

During the stations 200 year plus history, 33 RNLI gallantry medals have been awarded to the crews for their gallantry, ^[34] including three gold, 13 silver and 17 bronze. Of these, Robert Cross, Coxswain for 31 years until 1943, won two gold, three silver and two bronze, as well as the George Medal. ^{[17] [35]}

In just 7 weeks between December 1978 and February 1979, the Humber Lifeboat launched to three medal rescues. Coxswain Brian William Bevan MBE , is the only crew member in the history of the RNLI to be presented with Bronze, Silver and Gold Medals for Gallantry at the same awards ceremony. ^[36]

Exact records of the first 100 years of rescues are patchy, but between 1810 and 1854, over 800 people had been rescued from the seas around Spurn Head. ^[14] Between 1911 (when the Humber Lifeboat came under RNLI control) and December 2009, the lifeboat was launched 2,268 times saving over 790 lives in the process. ^[37] At least three crew of the lifeboat were lost at sea during rescues in the 19th century. ^[38]

• 31 October 1850 - the brig Cumberland was wrecked off the east coast at Kilnsea during a gale. The captain of the Cumberland had already been drowned by the time the Spurn lifeboat arrived and the crew of eight were forced to climb into the rigging to survive. Four were rescued, but the next day the rescue of the other four necessitated the use of rocket lines. One of the Spurn Lifeboatmen, John Branton, was lost at sea. ^[39]
• 19 November 1855 - the lifeboat capsized whilst assisting the schooner Zabuia Deverell; two of the crew drowned. ^[40]
• 14 February 1979 - the coaster Revi, a Panamanian registered vessel carrying silver sand, sent out a distress call when she was 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) off Spurn Point. The ship was foundering in a force ten gale and due to the huge waves at sea, (between 33 feet (10 m) and 39 feet (12 m) high) swamping the ship, she was taking on water. The crew of the City of Bradford IV put to sea at 00:15, and after several attempts in extremely rough seas, all four crew jumped from the foundering ship onto the lifeboat, with the last person to jump being the master, who was clinging to the side of the ship as she listing 45 degrees to port. The lifeboat headed back to the safety of the Humber Estuary at 02:33. ^[41]
• 17 September 1989 - the crew responded to a distress call after a merchant vessel, the Fiona, stated she had been in a collision with another ship some 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) east of Spurn Point. The lifeboat Kenneth Thelwall was launched at 05:00, and when she was 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) out from the site of the Fiona, they could see the fire on the other ship involved, the Phillips Oklahoma. 16 of the 25 crew were taken off the now heavily unstable Phillips Oklahoma onto the Humber lifeboat. The coxswain of the lifeboat, Brain Bevan, later described the fire as "The worst I have ever seen at sea." ^[42]
• 14 August 1990 - Two Royal Air Force Tornado GR.1 aircraft (ZA464 and ZA545) collided 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) north-east of Spurn Point. The aircrew of one aircraft from RAF Laarbruch (ZA464) ejected, but only the pilot was recovered alive. The aircrew of the other aircraft were deemed to be dead after a search by the Humber lifeboat and other agencies, resulted in no-one being found. ^{[43] [44]}

Station honours

The following are awards made at Spurn / Humber. ^{[17] [35]}

• George Medal

  Robert Cross, Coxswain – 1940

• RNLI Gold Medal

  Robert Cross, Coxswain – 1940

  Robert Cross GM , Coxswain – 1943 (Second-Service clasp)

  Brian Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain – 1979

• RNIPLS Silver Medal

  James Norris, Master of the Smack Waterloo – 1839

  J. M. Williams, Mate of the quarantine Cutter Bee – 1843

• RNLI Silver Medal

  Edward Weldrake – 1877

  Robert Cross, Coxswain – 1916

  Robert Cross, Coxswain – 1925 (Second-Service clasp)

  Robert Cross, Coxswain – 1939 (Third-Service clasp)

  John Sanderson Major, crew member – 1940

  William Jenkinson, crew member – 1940

  William James Jenkin Hood, crew member – 1940

  Samuel Cross, crew member – 1940

  Samuel Frederick Hoopell, crew member – 1940

  George Richards, Reserve Mechanic – 1943

  Brian Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain – 1979

• RNLI Bronze Medal

  Robert Cross, Coxswain – 1922

  John Sanderson Major, Motor Mechanic – 1939

  Robert Cross GM , Coxswain – 1941 (Second-Service clasp)

  George Stephenson, crew member – 1943

  Samuel Cross, crew member – 1943

  Sidney Harman, crew member – 1943

  William Major, crew member – 1943

  George Shakesby, crew member – 1943

  Dennis Bailey, Second Coxswain – 1979

  Barry Sayers, Mechanic – 1979

  Ronald Sayers, Assistant Mechanic – 1979

  Michael Barry Storey, crew member – 1979

  Peter Jordan, crew member – 1979

  Sydney Rollinson, crew member – 1979

  Dennis Bailey (Jnr), crew member – 1979

  Brian Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain – 1979

  Brian Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain – 1982 (Second-Service clasp)

• The Thanks of the Institution inscribed on Vellum

  R. Buchan, Coxswain – 1966

  Humber Lifeboat Crew – 1979

  Peter Jordan, crew member – 1980

  Dennis Bailey Jnr, crew member – 1980

  David Steenvoorden, Acting Coxswain Superintendent – 2004

  David Steenvoorden, Superintendent Coxswain – 2006

• A Framed Letter of Thanks signed by the Chairman of the Institution

  Dennis Bailey, Second Coxswain – 1987

  David Steenvoorden, Superintendent Coxswain – 2005

  Daniel Atkinson, Assistant Mechanic – 2006

• A Collective Letter of Thanks signed by the Chairman of the Institution

  Brian Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain – 1987

  Dennis Bailey, Second Coxswain – 1987

  Richard White, Mechanic – 1987

  Peter Thorpe, Assistant Mechanic – 1987

  Jack Essex, crew member – 1987

  David Cape, crew member – 1987

  Brian Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain – 1994

  Robert White, Second Coxswain – 1994

  Peter Thorpe, Mechanic – 1994

  Leslie Roberts, Assistant Mechanic – 1994

  Sydney Rollinson, crew members – 1994

  David Steenvoorden, crew members – 1994

  Christopher Barnes, crew members – 1994

  David Steenvoorden, Coxswain – 2012

  Stephen Purvis, crew member – 2012

• Royal Humane Society’s Testimonial on Vellum

  C. Alcock, Second Mechanic – 1957

• A Special Doctor’s Certificate on Vellum

  Dr James Duncan Busfield – 1976

• Member, Order of the British Empire (MBE)

  Brian William Bevan, Superintendent Coxswain – 1999 ^[45]

  David Leonardus Steenvoorden – 2017 ^[46]

Roll of Honour

In memory of those lost whilst serving Spurn Point lifeboat. ^{[47] [17]}

• Lost on service to the brig Cumberland on 31 October 1850 ^[48]

J.Branton

• Suffered from exposure, and died on 13 April 1853

Capt. Michael Hansley Welburn, Coxswain

• Drowned when the lifeboat capsized, on service to the schooner Zabuia Deverell on 19 November 1855

J. Combes

H. Holmes

Humber lifeboats

Pulling and Sailing (P&S) lifeboats

ON [a]	Name	Built	On Station [49]	Class	Comments
206	Manchester Unity	1890	1901–1903	38-foot 2in Self-righting (P&S)	[note 1] On loan to Spurn from Grimsby when the Spurn boat was away on repair. [50]
631	Unnamed	1903	1903–1913	34-foot 6in Norfolk & Suffolk (P&S)
516	Charles Deere James	1903	1913–1919	38-foot Liverpool (P&S)	[note 2] Previously at St Agnes.

Motor lifeboats

ON [a]	Op. No. [b]	Name	Built	On Station [51]	Class	Comments
651	–	Samuel Oakes	1918	1919–1923	40-foot Watson
680	–	City of Bradford, City of Bradford I	1923	1923–1929 1928–1929	45-foot Watson	Paid for by a fundraising effort in the City of Bradford. [note 3] [52] [53]
709	–	City of Bradford II	1929	1929–1954	45-foot 6in Watson	She was named at Bridlington to allow people to witness the event and reach the ceremony easily; it was decided that Spurn Point was too remote. [54] [55]
680	–	City of Bradford I Humber No.2	1923	1930–1932	45-foot Watson
911	–	City of Bradford III	1954	1954–1977	46-foot 9in Watson	[56] Transferred to Lytham St Annes Lifeboat station in 1977 [54]
828	–	The Princess Royal (Civil Service No.7) Humber No.2	1939	1968–1969	46-foot Watson
1052	54-07	City of Bradford IV	1976	1977–1987	Arun	Funded by the Lord Mayor of Bradford's Charity Appeal 1974–1975. [57]
1123	52-37	Kenneth Thelwall	1987	1987–1997	Arun	Named after its benefactor, Kenneth Thelwall from the East Riding of Yorkshire. Transferred to Holyhead Lifeboat Station. [58] [59]
1216	17-05	Pride of the Humber	1996	1997–	Severn

Inshore lifeboats

Op. No. [b]	Name	On Station [60]	Class	Comments
D-56	Unnamed	1964	D-class (RFD PB16)	ILB trialled in 1964, but relocated to Humber Mouth Lifeboat Station at Humberston in 1965.

1. ON is the RNLI's Official Number of the boat.
2. Op. No. is the RNLI's Operational Number of the boat carried on the hull.

See also

• List of RNLI stations
• List of former RNLI stations
• Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats

Notes

1. 38-foot x 9-foot (12-oared) self-righting (P&S) lifeboat.
2. 38-foot x 10-foot (10-oared) Liverpool-class (P&S) lifeboat.
3. The City of Bradford has paid for several lifeboats (stationed at Teesmouth and Ramsgate as well as at Spurn Head) after a ship carrying wool was wrecked off the Welsh coast in the 19th century with the loss of many lives. Bradford was a prime woollen and worsted town (later city).

References

1. Leonard, Richie; Denton, Tony (2025). Lifeboat Enthusiasts Handbook 2025. Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society. p. 116.
2. Leonard & Denton 2025, pp. 68–69.
3. Sheahan, James Joseph (1864). General and concise history and description of the town and port of Kingston-upon-Hull. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co. pp. 154–155. OCLC   5824603.
4. "292" (Map). Withernsea & Spurn Head. 1:25,000. Explorer. Ordnance Survey. 2015. ISBN   9780319244890.
5. Historic England. "Monument No. 1524216". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 4 February 2019.
6. Chrystal, Paul (2017). The Place Names of Yorkshire; Cities, Towns, Villages, Rivers and Dales, some Pubs too, in Praise of Yorkshire Ales (1 ed.). Catrine: Stenlake. p. 133. ISBN   9781840337532.
7. Blass 2015, p. 90.
8. Blass 2015, p. 91.
9. Leach 2018, p. 141.
10. Chrystal 2017, p. 76.
11. "The Trinity House | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
12. Astin, Robert (31 May 2017). "Hull History Centre: Spurn Lifeboat Station 1908-1911: Three turbulent years". hullhistorycentre.blogspot.com. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
13. "Lifeboats mark 200th anniversary". BBC News. 25 April 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
14. Peach, Howard (2001). Curious tales of old East Yorkshire. Wilmslow: Sigma Leisure. p. 148. ISBN   1850587493.
15. Collyer, Peter (2002). Rain later, good: painting the shipping forecast (2 ed.). London: Bloomsbury. p. 59. ISBN   978-1-4081-7857-7.
16. Historic England. "Spurn Point Military Railway (931916)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 6 February 2019.
17. "Humber's station history". Humber Lifeboat Station. RNLI. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
18. Simon, Jos (2015). The rough guide to Yorkshire (2 ed.). London: Rough Guides. p. 301. ISBN   9781409371045.
19. "Lifeboat families to move inland". BBC News. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
20. Blass 2015, p. 98.
21. Howarth, Patrick, ed. (Summer 1975). "Donate a house?". The Lifeboat. 44 (452). Poole: RNLI: 31. ISSN   0024-3086.
22. "Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment Survey; Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, Bempton to Donna Nook" (PDF). historicengland.co.uk. English Heritage. p. 180. Retrieved 13 February 2019.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
23. Chrystal 2012, p. 84.
24. Mitchell, Barry (1985). Ro-ro to Finland. Bridlington: Hutton Press. p. 37. ISBN   9780907033325.
25. "In Pictures: Life on Spurn". BBC News. 27 October 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
26. Parker, Malcolm; Hughes, Reg (1984). The City of York, Yorkshire Wolds, & East coast. Discovery Guides. p. 23. ISBN   0-86309-020-6.
27. Longhorn, Danny (13 October 2010). "Life still precious to us after 200 years: Behind the headlines Danny Longhorn looks at the 200-year history of the Humber Lifeboat service and its courageous crews". Hull Daily Mail. ProQuest   757775840.
28. "Family life at point of no return". The Yorkshire Post. 22 March 2008. ProQuest   335456585.
29. "Last goodbye for head of Yorkshire's most remote lifeboat station". The Yorkshire Post. 25 August 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
30. Aherne, Bridge (2 June 2023). "Humber RNLI moves from Spurn Point to Grimsby". RNLI. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
31. "Humber lifeboat station leaves Spurn Point after 213 years of rescues". BBC News. 1 June 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
32. Spark, Simon (31 May 2025). "RNLI leaves 'ageing' site after two centuries". BBC News. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
33. Aherne, Bridge; Hopps, Clare (3 December 2024). "Humber RNLI to move to volunteer-led lifeboat station". RNLI. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
34. Wood, Alexandra (25 August 2018). "Last goodbye for head of Yorkshire's most remote lifeboat station". The Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
35. Cox, Barry (1998). Lifeboat Gallantry. Spink & Son Ltd. ISBN   0907605893.
36. "1979: Bronze, Silver and Gold". RNLI. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
37. Leach, Nicholas (2013). Lifeboats of the Humber: two centuries of gallantry (2 ed.). Stroud: Amberley. p. iv. ISBN   978-1-848688759.
38. "Nostalgia on Tuesday: Point of interest". The Yorkshire Post. 20 November 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
39. "Wreck of the Brig Cumberland off Kilnsea". Hull Packet and East Riding Times. No. 3,435. Column E. 1 November 1850. p. 6. OCLC   271568119.
40. "Nostalgia on Tuesday: Point of interest". The Yorkshire Post. 20 November 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
41. "WRECKSITE - REVI CARGO SHIP 1967-1979". www.wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
42. Floyd, Mike, ed. (Autumn 1977). "Sixteen seaman taken off blazing oil tanker". The Lifeboat. 51 (510). Poole: RNLI: 189. ISSN   0024-3086.
43. "MAAS Aircraft Accident to Royal Air Force Tornado ZA545 and ZA464" (PDF). webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
44. Napier, Michael (2017). Tornado GR1: an operational history. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. pp. 237–239. ISBN   978-1-47387-302-5.
45. "Ordinary Members of the Civil Division of the said Most Excellent Order of the British Empire". The Gazette. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
46. "Ordinary Members of the Civil Division of the said Most Excellent Order of the British Empire". The Gazette. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
47. "Names on the RNLI Memorial". RNLI. Retrieved 26 August 2025.
48. "Miscellaneous News". The Preston Guardian. No. 1996. Preston. 9 November 1850.
49. Leonard & Denton 2025, pp. 24–37.
50. Chrystal 2012, p. 86.
51. Leonard & Denton 2025, pp. 42–69.
52. Rush, James (10 June 2009). "Lifeboat help sails to 150 years". Bradford Telegraph and Argus. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
53. "Can you help the lifeboat fundraisers?". Bradford Telegraph and Argus. 7 February 2007. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
54. Longhorn, Daniel (5 January 2010). "Two centuries of Spurn's life-savers: E RIDING: Unique RNLI crew celebrates 200th anniversary". Hull Daily Mail. ProQuest   333691762.
55. Leach 2018, p. 5.
56. "Name City of Bradford III | National Historic Ships". www.nationalhistoricships.org.uk. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
57. Davies, Joan, ed. (Autumn 1977). "North East South East: the Naming of Humber Lifeboat September 10 and Newhaven Lifeboat September 18". The Lifeboat. 45 (462). Poole: RNLI: 90. ISSN   0024-3086.
58. Chrystal 2012, p. 88.
59. "Family's second lifeboat legacy". BBC News. 9 December 2003. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
60. Leonard & Denton 2025, p. 87.

Sources

• Blass, Tom (2015). The Naked Shore of the North Sea. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN   978-1-4088-1549-6.
• Chrystal, Paul (2012). Lifeboat Stations of North East England; From Sunderland to The Humber, Through Time. Stroud: Amberley. ISBN   978-1-4456-1376-5.
• Leach, Nicholas (2018). The Lifeboat Service in England; the North East Coast, Station by Station. Stroud: Amberley. ISBN   978-1-4456-6832-1.

External links

• Silent film clip of City of Bradford II being launched at Bridlington harbour