Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell

Rory O'Donnell Ruaidrí Ó Domhnaill
Earl of Tyrconnell
Rory O'Donnell, depicted in a fresco in the Vatican
King of Tyrconnell
Reign	10 September 1602 – 4 September 1603
Predecessor	Hugh Roe O'Donnell
Successor	Title abolished
1st Earl of Tyrconnell
Reign	4 September 1603 – 14 September 1607
Predecessor	Title created
Successor	The 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell
Born	1575 Tyrconnell, Ireland
Died	28 July 1608(1608-07-28) (aged 32–33) Rome, Papal States
Burial	29 July 1608 San Pietro in Montorio, Rome
Spouses	Bridget Fitzgerald
Issue	The 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell Lady Mary Stuart O'Donnell
Dynasty	O'Donnell
Father	Sir Hugh O'Donnell
Mother	Inion Dubh
Religion	Roman Catholic

Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell (Irish: Ruaidrí Ó Domhnaill, 1d Iarla na Tír Chonaill; 1575 – 28 July 1608), ^{[1] [2] [3]} was an Irish Gaelic lord and the last King of Tyrconnell. He was a younger brother of Hugh Roe O'Donnell and in 1603 became the first to be styled the Earl of Tyrconnell. ^[4]

Early life

O'Donnell was one of the many children of Sir Hugh O'Donnell, ^[3] who reigned as Chief of the Name and Lord of Tyrconnell from 1566 ^[5] until he abdicated in favour of his eldest son by his second wife, Hugh Roe O'Donnell, in 1592. ^{[6] [7]} Rory's mother was Iníon Dubh. ^[8]

Rory's full-siblings included Hugh Roe, ^[5] Nuala, Manus, ^[9] Mary, ^[10] and Cathbarr. ^[9]

In July 1588, Sir Hugh promised Rory as a pledge for good behaviour. ^[3]

Nine Years' War

Rory O'Donnell became tanist upon his brother Hugh Roe's 1592 inauguration as Lord of Tyrconnell. Rory fought in the Nine Years' War, though his role is largely overshadowed by Hugh Roe's leadership. ^[3]

In 1598, Rory was engaged by the governor of Connacht, Sir Conyers Clifford, in a plot against his brother. When this news reached Hugh Roe, he put Rory in chains for an unspecified time. It seems their relationship improved by 1600. ^[3]

On 9 October 1600, Rory's distant cousin and brother-in-law, loyalist Niall Garve O'Donnell, seized Lifford from him with the help of English forces. Despite attempts from Rory and Hugh Roe to retake Lifford, they were unsuccessful. This culminated in a battle on 24 October, in which Niall fatally wounded Rory's younger brother Manus. Rory and Niall engaged in single combat, though Rory was lucky to leave the battle with his life. ^[3]

That December, Hugh Roe marched to Mayo, leaving Rory temporarily in charge. According to historian Emmett O'Byrne, "his tenure was not distinguished", as during this time, Niall's forces continued to gain momentum. ^[3]

The Irish confederacy suffered a major defeat at Kinsale. Rory became acting Chief when Hugh Roe left to seek desperately-needed reinforcements from Spain. Rory led the clan back to Connacht and maintained guerilla warfare, with the help of his ally Brian Oge O'Rourke. However, the two men failed in their attempt to take back power in Connacht. They lost Ballyshannon to Niall in Spring 1602, and could not prevent Oliver Lambart from entering Sligo in June. Rory and O'Rourke also argued amongst themselves. ^[3]

Hugh Roe died in Spain on 10 September 1602. ^[5] In December, Rory O'Donnell submitted to Lord Deputy Mountjoy at Athlone. ^[3]

Head of the clan O'Donnell

Upon his older brother's death, O'Donnell succeeded him as King of Tyrconnell and Chief of the Clan O'Donnell. ^[3] Having submitted in London to the newly crowned King James I, Rory, under the policy of surrender and regrant was required to renounce his traditional titles and was in return created as Earl of Tyrconnell ^[1] per letters patent of 4 September 1603, with the subsidiary title Baron of Donegal reserved for his heir apparent. He was further granted the territorial Lordship of Tyrconnell per letters patent of 10 February 1604.^{[ citation needed ]}

A 1614 Hiberno-Latin history of Donegal Abbey, however, criticized the title of Earl as, "how inferior to that with which the Prince of Tyrconnell used to be acclaimed on the sacred rock of Kilmacrenan!" ^[11]

Grave of Tyrconnell, Rome.

Flight of the Earls

Main article: Flight of the Earls

There was much fury in Ireland and England that he and Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, had been treated so gingerly after allegedly committing treason (this became known as the Sham Plot), but time was on the side of the English authorities.^{[ citation needed ]} On 14 September 1607, both Earls set sail from Lough Swilly with their families and followers for eventual exile in the Spanish Netherlands and Rome. ^{[12] [13]}

The journey was difficult and harsh, and conditions on their boat were extremely poor. ^[14] The Earls arrived in France, not Spain as expected, then made their way north to the Spanish Netherlands. They eventually arrived in Rome ^[12] on 29 April 1608. Tyrconnell and Tyrone were welcomed to Rome by a guard of cardinals. ^[3] The next day, they met with Pope Paul V, who gave them and their families a small pension. ^[12]

Rome

In early July 1608, Tyrconnell travelled to Ostia, a coastal town fifteen miles west of Rome, in order to "make holiday and take a change of air". He was accompanied by his brother Cathbarr, Hugh, Baron of Dungannon, and Donal O’Carroll, Vicar General of Killaloe. Unfortunately, the men "all agreed that that particular place [was] one of the worst and most unhealthy for climate in all Italy". Tyrconnell became ill on 18 July, and shortly afterwards he died in Rome on 28 July 1608. He was buried the next day in San Pietro in Montorio. His magnificent funeral was funded by the Marqués de Aytona, Spanish ambassador to Rome, who provided Tyrconnell's younger sister Nuala with 300 crowns. ^[15]

Family

Around Christmas 1606, ^[3] Tyrconnell married Bridget FitzGerald, daughter of the 12th Earl of Kildare, ^[1] by whom he had two children: Hugh and Mary. ^[2] Tyrconnell left his wife behind in Ireland during his flight. ^[3] After his death, Bridget married the 1st Viscount Barnewall (1592–1663), with whom she had five sons and four daughters that survived him. ^[16]

Lord Tyrconnell's only son, Hugh, was three weeks shy of his first birthday when the Earls sailed from Lough Swilly, ^{[2] [17]} and was raised in Louvain, Spanish Flanders. In time he joined the service of the King of Spain, and was killed in action when his ship engaged a French vessel in August or September 1642 and caught fire. He succeeded his father as 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell, but left no offspring; the title of Earl would have descended to his first cousin Domhnall Oge's line were it not meanwhile attainted in 1614.^{[ citation needed ]}

Lord Tyrconnell's youngest child, Mary Stuart O'Donnell, left a more lasting impression on posterity. She was born in England ^[2] around 1607. ^[17] After her father's death, King James VI and I, the first Stuart King of England, gave her the name Stuart in recognition of their common Stuart ancestry – they were ninth cousins – hence she was known as Mary Stuart O'Donnell. ^[2] She was descended, through her mother, from the Stuarts. Mary was raised by her mother in the Kildare lands in Ireland until she was twelve years old.^{[ citation needed ]} In 1619, Mary was sent to live with her grandmother, Lady Kildare, in London, where Lady Kildare aimed to educate the girl and make her her heiress. ^[18]

Portraiture

Lord Tyrconnell is depicted as part of a fresco in the Vatican. He stands next to Hugh O'Neill during the 1608 canonization of Frances of Rome by Pope Paul V. ^{[19] [20]} It was painted circa 1610. ^[20]

According to historian Francis Martin O'Donnell, many historians believe that the figure next to O'Neill is actually a Spanish ambassador - either Francisco de Moncada or his father Gastón. Francis Martin O'Donnell argues that the figure lacks Francisco's distinctive facial hair and portly appearance, and looks too young to depict Gastón, who was in his mid-50s at the time. The figure also lacks the ornate clothing an ambassador would be required to wear during such a ceremony. Therefore, it is most likely that the figure standing next to O'Neill is fellow Irish earl Rory O'Donnell. ^[20]

Family tree

v t e O'Donnell family tree

Issue of Hugh McManus O'Donnell (Aodh mac Maghnusa Ó Domhnaill; c. 1520 - 1600) [lower-roman 1] First marriage: Nuala O'Neill [lower-greek 1] Joanna O'Donnell (Siobhán Ní Domhnaill) [lower-greek 2] Died c. January 1591 [lower-greek 3] [lower-roman 4] [lower-roman 3] [lower-roman 6] [lower-roman 7] [lower-roman 8] Married Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone in June 1574 [lower-roman 6] [lower-roman 4] [lower-roman 5] - marriage repudiated in 1579 [lower-roman 9] - later reconfirmed [lower-roman 10] Margaret O'Neill [lower-roman 11] [lower-roman 8] [lower-roman 5] Married Richard Butler, 3rd Viscount Mountgarret [lower-roman 8] [lower-roman 5] Sarah O'Neill (fl. 1595-1602) [lower-greek 4] [lower-roman 5] [lower-roman 4] Married Sir Arthur Magennis [lower-roman 8] [lower-roman 5] before 4 March 1595 [lower-roman 5] Mary O'Neill (fl. 1608) [lower-roman 4] [lower-roman 5] Married Brian McHugh Og MacMahon [lower-roman 5] Alice O'Neill (1583 - c. 1665) [lower-roman 12] [lower-roman 13] [lower-roman 4] [lower-roman 14] [lower-greek 5] Married Randal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of Antrim [lower-roman 12] [lower-roman 15] [lower-roman 4] [lower-roman 16] Hugh O'Neill (1585 - 24 September 1609) [lower-roman 17] [lower-roman 4] [lower-roman 5] [lower-roman 18] Henry O'Neill (c. 1586 [lower-roman 19] - c. 1620 [lower-greek 6] ) Daughter (name unknown) Married a son of Turlough Lynagh O'Neill Duncan "Scaite" O'Donnell (Donnchadh Ó Domhnaill) [lower-greek 7] Rory O'Donnell (Ruaidhri Ó Domhnaill) Died 1575 Donnell O'Donnell (Domhnall Ó Domhnaill) Died 14 September 1590 [lower-roman 21] Married a daughter of Turlough Lynagh O'Neill around c. 1589 [lower-roman 22] Donnell Oge O'Donnell (died 5 September 1620) [lower-roman 23] Second marriage, 1569: Fiona MacDonald (Fionnghuala Nic Dhomhnaill, also known as Iníon Dubh; fl. 1567–1611), daughter of James MacDonald, 6th of Dunnyveg and Agnes Campbell. [lower-roman 24] [lower-roman 25] [lower-roman 26] Hugh Roe O'Donnell (Aodh Ruadh Ó Domhnaill) Born 30 October 1572 [lower-roman 27] [lower-roman 28] Died 10 September 1602 [lower-roman 29] Betrothed to Rose O'Neill in c. 1587 [lower-roman 30] [lower-roman 5] - married in December 1592 [lower-roman 4] - separated in 1595 [lower-roman 30] [lower-roman 5] Rory O'Donnell (Ruaidrí Ó Domhnaill) Born 1575 [lower-roman 31] [lower-roman 32] [lower-roman 33] Died 28 July 1608 [lower-roman 31] [lower-roman 32] [lower-roman 33] Married Bridget FitzGerald of Kildare in c. December 1606 [lower-roman 32] [lower-roman 33] Hugh Albert O'Donnell (October 1606 - 1642) [lower-roman 34] [lower-roman 35] [lower-roman 36] Mary Stuart O'Donnell (c. 1607 - after 1639) [lower-roman 31] [lower-roman 37] [lower-roman 34] Some sources incorrectly suggest that there is an elder daughter named Elizabeth (see Elizabeth_Plunket#Errors in her genealogy) Nuala O'Donnell (Nuala Ní Domhnaill) Born c. 1576 [lower-roman 38] [lower-roman 39] [lower-roman 40] Died c. 1630 [lower-roman 41] [lower-roman 42] Married Niall Garve O'Donnell in 1591 [lower-roman 42] - separated 1600 [lower-roman 43] [lower-roman 42] Naghtan O'Donnell (fl. 1608) [lower-roman 44] [lower-roman 45] [lower-roman 46] A son (c. 1596 - 1600) [lower-roman 47] [lower-greek 8] Grania O'Donnell (fl. 1607 - 1617) [lower-roman 49] [lower-roman 44] George Hill mentions Naghtan having two younger brothers [lower-roman 45] Manus O'Donnell (Maghnus Ó Domhnaill) Born c. 1579 [lower-roman 50] Died 22 October 1600 [lower-roman 51] Margaret O'Donnell (Mairghead Ní Domhnaill) fl. 1608, possibly died 1662 Mary O'Donnell (Máire Ní Domhnaill) Died 1662 Married Donnell Ballagh O'Cahan in c. 1593 [lower-roman 52] [lower-roman 53] Rory Oge O'Cahan [lower-roman 52] A daughter [lower-roman 52] Married Teigue O'Rourke in 1599 [lower-roman 54] Brian O'Rourke (born 1599) [lower-roman 54] [lower-roman 55] Hugh O'Rourke (born c. 1600) [lower-roman 55] Caffar O'Donnell (Cathbarr Ó Domhnaill) Born c. 1583 [lower-roman 56] Died 15 September 1608 [lower-roman 57] Married Rosa O'Doherty [lower-roman 57] Hugh O'Donnell (c. June 1605 - 1625) [lower-roman 57] [lower-roman 58] Relationship with an unmarried woman [lower-roman 57] Conn O'Donnell (fl. 1608-1629) [lower-roman 57] Gráinne O'Donnell (Gráinne Ní Domhnaill) [lower-greek 9] Notes Historian Francis Martin O'Donnell has named Sir Hugh's first wife as "Nuala, a daughter of O’Neill". [lower-roman 2] Concannon believed Siobhán was born c. 1569, and that her mother was Iníon Dubh, [lower-roman 3] who married Sir Hugh around that time. However, Siobhán married Hugh O'Neill in 1574, making that date of birth unlikely. Casway and Walsh believe Siobhán's mother was Sir Hugh's first wife. [lower-roman 4] [lower-roman 5] In a letter dated 31 January 1591, O'Neill references Siobhán's recent death. [lower-roman 5] Her death date has alternately been given as 1639, 26 April 1640, or sometime after 31 March 1642. [lower-roman 5] Walsh believes her birth date was c. 1588. [lower-roman 5] Sources disagree on Henry's date of death: 1610, [lower-roman 4] c. 1620, [lower-roman 19] or c. 1626. [lower-roman 8] It is clear that he died sometime before the publication of Philip O'Sullevan's Historia Catholica in 1621. [lower-roman 5] The historicity of this person is disputed. [lower-roman 20] According to the English officials who wrote the Calendar of State Papers , Hugh Roe personally killed Niall Garve's four-year-old son (also his own nephew) [lower-roman 48] Gráinne is known only as a sister of the Earl (i.e., Rory), with no additional information. [lower-roman 59] References O'Byrne, Emmett (October 2009). "O'Donnell (Ó Domhnaill), Sir Aodh mac Maghnusa". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.006332.v1. O'Donnell, Francis Martin (15 November 2018). "The O'Donnells of Tyrconnell – A Hidden Legacy (Maunsel Irish Research Series)". Academica Press. Retrieved 20 June 2024. Concannon, p. 218-219 "Siobhan was probably the eldest of the family, and must have been born not later than 1569." "We know little of Siobhan, who can hardly have been more than one-and- twenty, when she died in 1590." Casway 2016 Walsh 1930 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2004, p. 511-512 O'Byrne, Emmett; Clarke, Aidan; Barry, Judy (October 2009). "Bagenal (O'Neill), Mabel". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.006953.v1 . Retrieved 3 May 2024. Dunlop 1895, p. 196 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2004, p. 839 Morgan 2014 Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003. Hill 1873, page 222. "Sir Randal Macdonnell was married about the year 1604 to Ellis or Alice O'Neill, the third daughter of Hugh earl of Tyrone. This lady, who was born in 1583, was in her twenty-first year at the time of her marriage, and was younger than either of her sisters, lady Macmahon or Lady Maginnis. She was older than her brother Hugh, the baron of Dungannon." Cokayne 1910. "[The 1st Earl of Antrim] m., 1604, Alice, da. of Hugh (O'Neill), Earl of Tyrone [I], by his 2nd wife, Joanna, da. of Hugh McManus O'Donnell." Ohlmeyer, Jane H (2001) [1993]. Civil War and Restoration in the Three Stuart Kingdoms: The Career of Randal MacDonnell, Marquis of Antrim. Dublin: Four Courts Press. p. 359. ISBN   978-0521419789. Cokayne 1910. "[The 1st Earl of Antrim] m., 1604, Alice, da. of Hugh (O'Neill), Earl of Tyrone [I], by his 2nd wife, Joanna, da. of Hugh McManus O'Donnell." Ohlmeyer, Jane H (2001) [1993]. Civil War and Restoration in the Three Stuart Kingdoms: The Career of Randal MacDonnell, Marquis of Antrim. Dublin: Four Courts Press. p. 359. ISBN   978-0521419789. Concannon, p. 218 "The inscription on the tomb in San Pietro in Montorio shows that her eldest child, Hugh, was born in 1585." Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 1867, p. 459: "..he died unmarried on the 23rd of September, 1609, aged twenty-four... and was buried in the church of St. Peter's in Montorio..." Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 1867, p. 459 Ó Domhnaill, Niall; Na Glúnta Rosannacha (1952), page 87 Annals of the Four Masters : "1590: ...the son of O'Donnell himself, who, being unable to display prowess or defend himself, was slain at Doire-leathan, on one side of the harbour of Telinn, on the 14th of September." Morgan 1993, page 107 O'Donnell, Francis Martin (2020). What did they really look like? An Iconography of the O'Donnells of Tyrconnell: myth, allegory, prejudice, and evidence. Tyrconnell-Fyngal Publishing. O'Byrne, Emmett (2009). "MacDonnell (Nic Dhomhnaill), Fiona (Fionnghuala) ('Iníon Dubh')". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.006337.v1. Walsh 1930, p. 17 Morgan 1993, p. 124 Starke 1984, page 3 Donegal County Archives. The Flight of the Earls: Document Study Pack. Annals of the Four Masters : "1602:...O'Donnell should take the disease of his death and the sickness of his dissolution; and, after lying seventeen days on the bed, he died, on the 10th of September, in the house which the King of Spain himself had at that town (Simancas)..."" Morgan, Hiram (October 2009). "O'Donnell, 'Red' Hugh (Ó Domhnaill, Aodh Ruadh)". Dictionary of Irish Biography. doi:10.3318/dib.006343.v1. Bagwell 1895 O'Byrne, Emmett (October 2009). "O'Donnell (Ó Domhnall), Ruaidhrí". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.006701.v1 . Retrieved 24 April 2024. Webb 1878 Silke 2006 "Hugh Albert O'Donnell, born [to Rory and Bridget] about October 1606, was the only son of this marriage, Mary Stuart O'Donnell being born about a year later." Bagwell 1895 "About ninety persons sailed with the earls, among whom were Tyrconnel's son Hugh, aged eleven months..." Ulwencreutz, Lars (2013), Ulwencreutz's The Royal Families in Europe V, Lulu.com, p.  136, ISBN   978-1-304-58135-8 "Hugh O'Donnell, 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell (1606-1642) Prince and Lord of Tryconnell". "O'Donnell, Lady Mary Stuart (b. 1607?, d. in or after 1639), noblewoman" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20557 . Retrieved 24 April 2024.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Casway 2009. Casway gives her birthdate as c. 1575 Concannon, p. 218 "O'Clery tells us that Nuala was already married to Niall Garbh in 1592. This will place her birth-year with some degree of probability about 1577 — not later." Knox 2002, p. 26. In contrast to Concannon, Knox believes Nuala was Rory's older sister. Casway, Jerrold (July 2007). "Women in Flight". History Ireland . 15 (4). Retrieved 18 April 2024. Casway 2009 O'Sullivan Beare 2008. Philip O'Sullivan Beare notes that Manus's death (October 1600) occurred shortly after Nuala and Niall separated. Dunlop, Robert. "O'Donnell, Niall Garv". Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900. 41. Hill 1873, page 221 Annals of the Four Masters : "1608: Niall Garv O'Donnell, with his brothers Hugh Boy and Donnell, and his son, Naghtan, were taken prisoners about the festival of St. John in this year." McGurk, John (August 2007). "The Flight of the Earls: escape or strategic regrouping?". History Ireland . 15 (4). McGurk, John (2006). Sir Henry Docwra, 1564-1631: Derry's Second Founder. Four Courts Press. p. 93–95. "O'Donnell". 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. 20. 1911. Concannon, p. 218 "Manus may have been born about 1579 or 1580. He was old enough to play a man's part in the battle in which he met his death at the hands of Niall Garbh (A.D. 1600)" Lughaidh Ó Cléirigh names the sons in the order of their birth: Hugh Roe, Ruairi, Manus and Cathbar. Concannon, p. 232 Clavin 2009 Pollard, Albert Frederick. "O'Cahan, Donnell Ballagh". Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900. 41. Gallogy, Dan (1963). "Brian Oge O'Rourke and the Nine Years War". Breifne Journal. 2: 194–195. Casway, Jerrold (1988). "The Last Lords of Leitrim: The Sons of Teige O'Rourke". Breifne Journal. VII: 561–562. Concannon, p. 218 McGettigan 2009 Annals of the Four Masters : "[Flight of the Earls, September] 1607: ...Rose, the daughter of O'Doherty, and wife of Caffar, with her son, Hugh, aged two years and three months..." O'Donnell, Eunan; Reflection on the Flight of the Earls; Donegal Annual, Bliainiris Dhún na nGall, Journal of the County Donegal Historical Society, No. 58 (2006); pp. 31-44. Bibliography Bagwell, Richard (1895). "O'Donnell, Rory"  . Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 41. pp. 444–447. Casway, Jerrold (2009). "O'Donnell, Nuala". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.006696.v1 . Retrieved 18 April 2024. Casway, Jerrold (2016). "Catherine Magennis and the Wives of Hugh O'Neill". Seanchas Ardmhacha: Journal of the Armagh Diocesan Historical Society. 26 (1): 69–79. JSTOR   48568219. Clavin, Terry (October 2009). "O'Cahan, Sir Donnell Ballach". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.006536.v1 . Retrieved 24 April 2024. Cokayne, George Edward (1910). The Hon. Vicary Gibbs (ed.). The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom : extant, extinct, or dormant. The St. Catherine Press Ltd. p. 174. Concannon, Helena (1920). "'The Woman of the Piercing Wail' (The Lady Nuala O'Donnell)". The Irish ecclesiastical record . 16. Dublin: John F. Fowler. Dunlop, Robert (1895). "O'Neill, Hugh, third Baron of Dungannon and second Earl of Tyrone 1540?–1616". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. XLII. New York: MacMillan and Co. pp. 188–196. OCLC   8544105. Hill, George (1873). An historical account of the Macdonnells of Antrim: including notices of some other septs Irish and Scotch. Belfast: Archer & Sons. Retrieved 12 June 2024. Knox, Andrea (1 January 2002). ""Women of the Wild Geese": Irish Women, Exile, and Identity in Spain, 1596–1670". Quidditas. 23 (1). Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, Brian, eds. (2004). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: in association with the British Academy: from the earliest times to the year 2000. Vol. 41. Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-861411-1. McGettigan, Darren (October 2009). "O'Donnell, Caffar". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.002288.v1. Morgan, Hiram (1993). Tyrone's Rebellion : the outbreak of the Nine Years War in Tudor Ireland. Internet Archive. [London] : Royal Historical Society ; Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK ; Rochester, NY, USA : Boydell Press. ISBN   978-0-86193-224-5. Morgan, Hiram (September 2014). "O'Neill, Hugh". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.006962.v1 . Retrieved 3 May 2024. O'Sullivan Beare, Philip (2008). Chapters towards a History of Ireland in the reign of Elizabeth. Translated by Byrne, Matthew J. CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts. Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland (1867). "PROCEEDINGS AND PAPERS". Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 5: 459. Silke, John J. (May 2006). "O'Donnell, Rury , styled first earl of Tyrconnell (1574/5–1608)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20559.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Starke, Shirley (1984). Red Hugh: The Story of Hugh Roe O'Donnell (PDF). Valley City, North Dakota: The Aodh Ruadh Ó Domhnaill Guild. Walsh, Paul (1930). Walsh, Paul (ed.). THE WILL AND FAMILY OF HUGH O NEILL, EARL OF TYRONE [WITH AN APPENDIX OF GENEALOGIES] (PDF). Dublin: Sign of the Three Candles. Webb, Alfred (1878). "Rury O'Donnell". A Compendium of Irish Biography.

References

Citations

1. Webb, Alfred (1878). "Rury O'Donnell". A Compendium of Irish Biography.
2. Bagwell, Richard (1895). "O'Donnell, Rory"  . Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 41. pp. 444–447.
3. O'Byrne, Emmett (October 2009). "O'Donnell (Ó Domhnall), Ruaidhrí". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.006701.v1 . Retrieved 15 April 2024.
4. An apparent original of the letters patent of the Earldom were in the possession of Count Maximilian Karl Lamoral O'Donnell in Austria, (See Ó Domhnaill Abu – O'Donnell Clan Newsletter, no.2, Summer 1985), although that family did not inherit the title, nor the related territorial Lordship of Tyrconnell, the remainders of which were destined elsewhere
5. Dunlop, Robert (1894). "O'Donnell, Hugh Roe"  . Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 40. pp. 436–440.
6. O'Byrne, Emmett (October 2009). "O'Donnell (Ó Domhnaill), Sir Aodh mac Maghnusa". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.006332.v1.
7. McNeill 1911.
8. O'Byrne, Emmett (October 2009). "MacDonnell (Nic Dhomhnaill), Fiona (Fionnghuala) ('Iníon Dubh')". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.006337.v1.
9. Concannon, H. (1920). "'The Woman of the Piercing Wail' (The Lady Nuala O'Donnell)". The Irish Ecclesiastical Record . 16. Dublin: John F. Fowler.
10. Clavin, Terry (October 2009). "O'Cahan, Sir Donnell Ballach". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.006536.v1 . Retrieved 24 April 2024.
11. Meehan 1870b, p. 15.
12. Morgan, Hiram (September 2014). "O'Neill, Hugh". Dictionary of Irish Biography . doi:10.3318/dib.006962.v1 . Retrieved 3 May 2024.
13. Smith, Murray (1996). "Flight of the Earls?: changing views on O'Neill's departure from Ireland". History Ireland . 4 (1). Retrieved 4 July 2024.
14. Casway 2016, p. 75.
15. FitzPatrick, Elizabeth (August 2007). "San Pietro in Montorio, burial-place of the exiled Irish in Rome, 1608-1623". History Ireland . 15 (4).
16. Harrison, Robert (1885). "Barnewall, Nicholas (1592-1663)"  . Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 03. p. 261.
17. Silke 2006. "Hugh Albert O'Donnell, born [to Rory and Bridget] about October 1606, was the only son of this marriage, Mary Stuart O'Donnell being born about a year later."
18. Casway 2003, p. 60-61
19. "Priest penetrates Vatican secrecy in quest for lost portrait of Irish rebel leader Hugh O'Neill". Mid-Ulster Mail. 18 February 2016. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
20. O'Donnell, Francis Martin (2020). What did they really look like? An Iconography of the O'Donnells of Tyrconnell: myth, allegory, prejudice, and evidence. Tyrconnell-Fyngal Publishing.

Sources

• Meehan, Charles Patrick (1870a). The Fate and Fortunes of the Earls of Tyrone (Hugh O'Neill) and Tyrconnel (Rory O'Donel), their flight from Ireland and death in exile (2 ed.). London: James Duffy. OCLC   17958027.
• Meehan, Charles Patrick (1870b). The Rise and Fall of the Irish Franciscan Monasteries (3 ed.). Dublin: J. Duffy.
• O’Donnell, Francis Martin (2018), The O'Donnells of Tyrconnell – A Hidden Legacy, Washington, D.C.: Academica Press LLC, ISBN   978-1-680534740
• Casway, Jerrold (2003). "Heroines or Victims? The Women of the Flight of the Earls". New Hibernia Review / Iris Éireannach Nua. 7 (1): 56–74. ISSN   1092-3977.
• Casway, Jerrold (2016). "Catherine Magennis and the Wives of Hugh O'Neill". Seanchas Ardmhacha: Journal of the Armagh Diocesan Historical Society. 26 (1): 69–79. ISSN   0488-0196.
• Wealth of Dignity, Poverty of Destiny – The Destitution of a Catholic Princess for her Devotion (The tragic story of Mary, Princess of Tyrconnell, Rory's daughter), by Francis Martin O'Donnell, Knight of Malta, in pages 3–6 of O'Domhnaill Abu, the O'Donnell Clann Newsletter no. 32, published by V. O'Donnell, Inver, County Donegal, Summer 2004 [ISSN 0790-7389].
• History of Killeen Castle, by Mary Rose Carty, published by Carty/Lynch, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland, April 1991 ( ISBN   0-9517382-0-8) – page 18 refers to Elizabeth O'Donnell as 1st Countess of Fingall.
• Calendar of State Papers – 1603-4 – James I (item 123, pages 79–80), National Library of Ireland, Dublin.
• Red Hugh O Donnell's sisters, Siobhan and Nuala, Paul Walsh, in Irish Leaders and Learning, ed. O'Muraile, Dublin, 2003, pp. 326–29.
• http://www.araltas.com/features/odonnell/
• Silke, John J. (May 2006). "O'Donnell, Rury , styled first earl of Tyrconnell (1574/5–1608)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20559.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Further reading

• Bagwell, Richard (1895). "O'Donnell, Rory"  . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 41. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 444–447.
• Burke, Sir Bernard (1866), "O'Donnell–Earl of Tyrconnell", A Genealogical History of the Dormant: Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire, Harrison, pp.  408–410
• Kinney, Arthur F; Copeland, Thomas W; Kinney, Arthur F; Swain, David W; Hill, Eugene D; Long, William A (2000), "O'Donnell, Hugh Roe, Lord of Connell", Tudor England: An Encyclopedia, Routledge, p.  517, ISBN   978-1-136-74530-0
• McNeill, Ronald John (1911). "O'Donnell s.v. Rory O'Donnell"  . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 8.

Regnal titles
Preceded by Aodh Ruadh Ó Domhnaill	King of Tir Conaill 1602–1608	Vacant
Peerage of Ireland
New creation	Earl of Tyrconnell 1602–1608	Succeeded by Hugh O'Donnell