| Saint-Pierre | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Currently none, designed as Roman Catholic church |
| Location | |
| Location | Firminy, Loire, France |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Le Corbusier José Oubrerie |
| Type | Church |
| Groundbreaking | 1973 |
| Completed | 2006 |
| Materials | Concrete |
Saint-Pierre (English: Saint Peter ) is a concrete building in the commune of Firminy, France. The last major work of Le Corbusier, it was started in 1973 and completed in 2006, forty-one years after his death.
Designed to be a church in the model city of Firminy Vert, the construction of Saint-Pierre was begun in 1971, six years after Le Corbusier's death in 1965.
Due to local political conflicts it remained stalled from 1975 to 2003, when the local government declared the mouldering concrete ruin an "architectural heritage" and financed its completion. The building was completed by the French architect José Oubrerie, Le Corbusier's student for many years. [1]
It has been used for many different purposes, as a secondary school and as a shelter. As the secularist French state may not use public funds for religious buildings, Saint-Pierre is now used as a cultural venue.
In the World Architecture Survey of 2010, by Vanity Fair magazine, the building was ranked as second in the rankings of the top structures built in the twenty-first century, receiving four votes. American deconstructionist architect Peter Eisenman asserted in his response that this building is the most important structure built since 1980. [2]
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, known as Le Corbusier, was a Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner and writer, who was one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture. He was born in Switzerland and acquired French nationality by naturalization on 19 September 1930. His career spanned five decades, in which he designed buildings in Europe, Japan, India, as well as North and South America. He considered that "the roots of modern architecture are to be found in Viollet-le-Duc".
Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho, known as Oscar Niemeyer, was a Brazilian architect considered to be one of the key figures in the development of modern architecture. Niemeyer was best known for his design of civic buildings for Brasília, a planned city that became Brazil's capital in 1960, as well as his collaboration with other architects on the headquarters of the United Nations in New York. His exploration of the aesthetic possibilities of reinforced concrete was highly influential in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Modern architecture, also called modernist architecture, was an architectural movement and style that was prominent in the 20th century, between the earlier Art Deco and later postmodern movements. Modern architecture was based upon new and innovative technologies of construction ; the principle functionalism ; an embrace of minimalism; and a rejection of ornament.
The Unité d'habitation is a modernist residential housing typology developed by Le Corbusier, with the collaboration of painter-architect Nadir Afonso. It formed the basis of several housing developments throughout Europe designed by Le Corbusier and sharing the same name.
Notre-Dame du Haut is a Roman Catholic chapel in Ronchamp, France. Built in 1955, it is one of the finest examples of the architecture of Franco-Swiss architect Le Corbusier. The chapel is a working religious building and is under the guardianship of the private foundation Association de l’Œuvre de Notre-Dame du Haut. It attracts 80,000 visitors each year. In 2016, it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in along with sixteen other works by Le Corbusier, because of its importance to the development of modernist architecture.
Firminy is a commune in the Loire department in central France.
José R. Oubrerie was a French architect, educator, and author. He was a protégé of Le Corbusier.
The National Museum of Western Art is the premier public art gallery in Japan specializing in art from the Western tradition.
Antonin Raymond, born as Antonín Reimann was a Czech American architect. Raymond was born and studied in Bohemia, working later in the United States and Japan. Raymond was also the Consul of Czechoslovakia to Japan from 1926 to 1939, in which year the Czech diplomacy was closed down after the occupation of the European country by Nazi Germany.
Baghdad Gymnasium, formerly the Saddam Hussein Gymnasium, is a sports complex in Baghdad, Iraq adjacent to the al-Sha'ab Stadium. Designed by Le Corbusier under the commission of King Faisal II in 1956 for potential use in the 1960 Summer Olympics. After King Faisal II was overthrown in a military coup in 1958, the project underwent several design and location changes.
The World Architecture Survey was conducted in 2010 by Vanity Fair, to determine the most important works of contemporary architecture. 52 leading architects, teachers, and critics, including several Pritzker Prize winners and deans of major architecture schools were asked for their opinion.
Eugène Claudius-Petit was a French politician. He participated in many governments under the Fourth Republic and was a proponent of Firminy Vert. He later added his pseudonym from the Resistance, "Claudius", to his name.
Firminy Vert is group of modern buildings designed by architect Le Corbusier located in Firminy, France in 1964–1969. It includes the Saint-Pierre Church, a stadium, a cultural center, and an Unité d'Habitation. It was designed based on Modernism principles of architecture. It is praised as one of Europe's most accomplished postwar planning exercises.
Unité d'Habitation of Berlin is a 1958 apartment building located in Berlin-Westend, Germany, designed by Le Corbusier following his concept of Unité d'Habitation. Le Corbusier's Unité d'Habitation concept was materialised in four other buildings in France with a similar design. The building is constructed in béton brut and is part of the initial architecture style we know today as brutalism. The structure was built with on site prefab cast concrete panels and poured ceiling slabs. The Modulor system is the base measure of the Unité and Corbusier used not more than 15 Modulor measures to construct the entire structure form. Ultimately the work has been eliminated from Le Corbusier's oeuvre, which he confirmed himself until his death in 1965 and which has also been confirmed posthumous in 1967 in his last authorized publication of his work.
Maison du Brésil is a student hostel building located in the Cité Universitaire complex in Paris, France, designed by noted architects Le Corbusier and Lúcio Costa for Brazilian students and scientists. It was built in 1957 and refurbished in 2000. The first sketch for the building was made by Costa, but soon afterwards Le Corbusier became a collaborator, working out the final design.
The Firminy-Vert Stadium (French: Stade de Firminy-Vert, is a sport field located at Firminy in the Loire in France.
Immeuble Molitor is an apartment building designed by Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret and built between 1931 and 1934. Located at the border between the city of Paris and the commune of Boulogne-Billancourt in France, it has been listed along with 16 other architectural works by Le Corbusier as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Le Corbusier lived in the building from its completion until his death in 1965.
The Unité d'Habitation of Briey is a housing unit built between 1959 and 1960 in Briey (Meurthe-et-Moselle) by the Franco-Swiss architect Le Corbusier according to the Unité d'habitation design principle established for Marseille. It was originally built for the HLM departmental office but was eventually abandoned by the landlord and threatened with destruction in the 1980s. It has since been gradually rehabilitated.
The Unité d'Habitation of Firminy-Vert is a residential building located in Firminy in the Loire department in France, by the Franco-Swiss architect Le Corbusier according to his Unité d'habitation model.
The Maison de la Culture de Firminy is a cultural establishment located in Firminy in the Loire region of France. The site was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2016 for its contribution to the development of modern architecture along with sixteen other works by Le Corbusier.
45°23′01″N4°17′11″E / 45.38356°N 4.28634°E
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