Bankera is a genus of four species of tooth fungi in the family Bankeraceae. The genus was first circumscribed in 1951 by William Chambers Coker and Alma Holland Beers, but this publication was invalid according to the rules of botanical nomenclature. It was later published validly by Zdeněk Pouzar in 1955. The type species is B. fuligineoalba. The genus is ectomycorrhizal with gymnosperms, usually with trees from the pine family.
Phellodon is a genus of tooth fungi in the family Bankeraceae. Species have small- to medium-sized fruitbodies with white spines on the underside from which spores are released. All Phellodon have a short stalk or stipe, and so the genus falls into the group known as stipitate hydnoid fungi. The tough and leathery flesh usually has a pleasant, fragrant odor, and develops a cork-like texture when dry. Neighboring fruitbodies can fuse, sometimes producing large mats of joined caps. Phellodon species produce a white spore print, while the individual spores are roughly spherical to ellipsoid in shape, with spiny surfaces.
Sarcodon is a genus of fungi in the family Bankeraceae, which is part of the order Thelephorales, known for its almost universal ectomycorrhizal ecology. The genus owes its name to the presence of teeth-like spines on the hymenophore, from ancient Greek; sarco = flesh and odon = tooth. For this reason they are commonly called "tooth fungi", or "Hydnoid fungi".
The hydnoid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota with basidiocarps producing spores on pendant, tooth-like or spine-like projections. They are colloquially called tooth fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Hydnum, but it is now known that not all hydnoid species are closely related.
Howard James Banker was an American mycologist. He received his PhD from Columbia University in 1908. Banker was an associate editor of the journal Mycologia starting from its establishment in 1909, until it became the official publication of the Mycological Society of America in 1933. He published several papers in the journal, including a revision of the North American Hydnaceae, which discussed 62 species in 10 genera. Banker died at his home in Huntington, New York, in 1940. The genus Bankera is named after him.
Hydnellum fuscoindicum is a species of tooth fungus in the genus Hydnellum. It is found in the Pacific Northwest in moss around western hemlocks. It produces fruit bodies with a violet-black cap, violet flesh, and violet spines on the cap underside. The odor and taste are very farinaceous. The fungus was first described by Kenneth A. Harrison in 1964 as a species of Hydnum, then transferred to Sarcodon in 1967 by Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus. He placed this species in section Violacei of Sarcodon, along with H. fuligineoviolaceum and H. joeides.
Sarcodon atroviridis is a species of fungus in the family Bankeraceae found in North America and Asia. It was originally described in 1895 as Hydnum atroviride by Andrew Price Morgan. Howard James Banker transferred it to Sarcodon in 1906. The fungus is known from Asia and North America; in 2015 it was reported from Brazil. The specific epithet atroviridis means "blackish green". While not explicitly known to be poisonous, it is considered of poor edibility.
Phellodon radicatus is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was described as new to science in 1985 from collections made in Gainesville, Florida.
Phellodon excentrimexicanus is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in Mexico, it was described as new to science in 1985 by mycologist Richard Baird. It is similar in appearance to Phellodon fibulatus, which is found in the southern Appalachian Mountains, but the Mexican species lacks clamp connections, and its stipe is consistently eccentric.
Sarcodon stereosarcinon is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in North America, it was described as new to science in 1940 by mycologist Lewis Edgar Wehmeyer, who found the original collections in Nova Scotia, Canada.
Sarcodon bubalinus is a European species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. First described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1825 as Hydnum bubalinum, it was transferred to the genus Sarcodon by Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus in 1956.
Sarcodon harrisonii is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in the southeastern United States, it was described as new to science in 1985 by Richard Baird. The type collection was made near Asheville, North Carolina. The fruit body has a flattened cap up to 17 cm (6.7 in) wide with a leathery surface texture that is reddish brown to dark brown. Spores are more or less spherical, measuring 7–8 by 6–7.5 µm. S. harrisonii is similar in appearance to the Michigan species S. ustalis. The specific epithet honors Canadian mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison for his work on stipitate hydnums.
Sarcodon rimosus, commonly known as the cracked hydnum, is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, it was described as new to science in 1964 by mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison, who initially called it Hydnum rimosum. He transferred it to the genus Sarcodon in 1984. Fruit bodies of S. rimosum have convex to somewhat depressed caps that are 4–12 cm (1.6–4.7 in) in diameter. The surface becomes scaly in age, often developing conspicuous cracks and fissures. It is brown with violet tints. The flesh lacks any significant taste and odor. Underneath the cap cuticle, the flesh turns a bluish-green color when tested with a solution of potassium hydroxide. The brownish-pinks spines on the cap underside are typically 2.5–7 mm long, extending decurrently on the stipe. Spores are roughly spherical with fine warts on the surface, and measure 5–6.5 by 4.5–5 µm. The hyphae do not have clamp connections.
Sarcodon lanuginosus is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was described as new to science in 1961 by mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison, who initially called it Hydnum lanuginosum. He transferred it to the genus Sarcodon in 1984. It is found in Nova Scotia, Canada, where it fruits on the ground singly or in groups under spruce and fir. The type collection was made in Cape Split, Kings County.
Sarcodon cyanellus is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, where it associates with Pinaceae, it was described as new to science in 1964 by mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison, who initially called it Hydnum cyanellum. He transferred it to the genus Sarcodon in 1984. It has a vinaceous-violet to bluish-black cap.
Sarcodon calvatus is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was described as new to science in 1964 by mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison, who initially called it Hydnum calvatum. He transferred it to the genus Sarcodon in 1984. It is found in North America.
Hydnellum joeides is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae.
Kenneth A. Harrison was a Canadian mycologist. He was for many years a plant pathologist at what is now the Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre in Nova Scotia. After retirement, he contributed to the taxonomy of the Agaricomycotina, particularly the tooth fungi of the families Hydnaceae and Bankeraceae, in which he described several new species.
Hydnellum versipelle is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was originally described by Elias Fries in 1861 as Hydnum versipelle. Taisiya Lvovna Nikolayeva transferred it to the genus Sarcodon in 1961. Hydnum crassum, published by Kenneth A. Harrison in 1961, is a synonym. The species is found in Europe and North America.
Sarcodon ustalis is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was described as new to science in 1964 by mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison, who initially called it Hydnum ustalie. He transferred it to the genus Sarcodon in 1984. It is found in Michigan, where it fruits on the ground in groups under Jack Pine. The type was collected by Ingrid Bartelli in Marquette, Michigan.
