Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's cult of personality

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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's sculpture at the Mrityunjayee Prangan in Bijoy Sarani, Dhaka. This sculpture was demolished by the protesters after the Student-People's uprising in August 2024. Mrityunjayee Prangan.jpg
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's sculpture at the Mrityunjayee Prangan in Bijoy Sarani, Dhaka. This sculpture was demolished by the protesters after the Student–People's uprising in August 2024.
Mritunjoyi Mujib at Islamic University in Kushtia. It was also demolished after the uprising. Mritunjoyi Mujib Mural, Islamic University, Bangladesh.jpg
Mritunjoyi Mujib at Islamic University in Kushtia. It was also demolished after the uprising.

The cult of personality around Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, first president of Bangladesh, was started during the premiership of Sheikh Hasina-led Awami League government. [1] [2] [3] Mujibism initially began as the political ideology of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, which was gradually converted into a cult of personality around him during the tenure of his daughter Sheikh Hasina, prime minister of Bangladesh. [4] [5] [6] After her fall in the Student–People's uprising, his cult of personality is being dismantled gradually. [7] [8]

Contents

Overview

A cult of personality was created around Sheikh Mujibur Rahman during his tenure, where his supporters venerate him. [9] [10] After being pushed to the sidelines by the successive military rulers Ziaur Rahman (who founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party) and Hussain Muhammad Ershad (who founded the Jatiya Party), Mujib came back to dominate public consciousness from 2008 under the Awami League government led by Hasina. [11] Hasina was criticised for overemphasising the role of her father and the Awami League in securing Bangladeshi independence at the cost of sidelining other prominent figures and political parties of the time. [12]

Bust of Mujib in East London Sheikh Mujib statue London 02.jpg
Bust of Mujib in East London
Mujib on a 2021 postage stamp of India Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 2020 stamp of India.jpg
Mujib on a 2021 postage stamp of India
Mujib and Mahatma Gandhi at Kolkata mhaatmaa gaandhii o shekh mujibur rhmaan.jpg
Mujib and Mahatma Gandhi at Kolkata

During her tenure, Hasina amended the constitution to make the presence of Mujib's portrait mandatory in every school, government office & diplomatic missions of the country and made it illegal to criticise Mujib, his ideals & his deeds, especially the one-party BAKSAL regime headed by him, through writing, speech or electronic media. [13] [14] Many events commemorating the birth-centenary of Mujib in his lifetime were launched by the Hasina administration, including an official biopic in collaboration with the Indian government. The Hasina government converted Mujib's residence in the capital city of Dhaka, where he & his family was assassinated by military personnel in 1975, into a memorial museum. Hasina designated the day of Mujib's assassination as the National Day of Mourning. [15] [16] The Hasina government also made the birthdays of Mujib, his wife Sheikh Fazilatunessa, eldest son Sheikh Kamal & youngest son Sheikh Russel as official government holidays, alongside March 7 (on that day in 1971, Mujib declared Bangladesh's seccession at a speech in Dhaka). Under Hasina's rule, the country was doted with numerous statues of Mujib alongside several roads & prominent institutions named after him. [17] Critics state that Hasina utilises the personality cult around her father to justify her own authoritarianism, crackdown on political dissent & democratic backsliding of the country. [18] [19]

Following the violent overthrow of Sheikh Hasina in August 2024, the cult of personality around Mujib is being systematically dismantled. [20] [21] Many places named after Mujib was changed. [22] [23] Biographies of Sheikh Mujib or his family members were replaced by the biographies of Kazi Nazrul Islam, Rabindranath Tagore, Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani and four national leaders from the elementary textbooks. [24] The Bangladeshi government also decided to remove the portrait of Sheikh Mujib from the banknotes of Bangladeshi taka. [25]

On 17 January 2025, the Advisory Council of the Interim Government of Bangladesh approved the name change of 13 public universities, agreeing to the proposal of the Ministry of Education. [26] [27] As a result, the names of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and other members of the Sheikh family were removed from the names of these universities. [28]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of Bangladesh</span> Politics in Bangladesh

Politics of Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972 and has undergone seventeen amendments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</span> Bangladeshi revolutionary and statesman (1920–1975)

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, also known by the honorific Bangabandhu, was a Bangladeshi politician, revolutionary, statesman, activist and diarist, who was the founding president of Bangladesh. As one of the founding leaders of Bangladesh, he had held continuous positions, Initially he served as the president of the Awami League, later as the president of Bangladesh, and then as the prime minister of Bangladesh until his assassination in August 1975. His nationalist ideology, socio-political theories, and political doctrines are collectively known as Mujibism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ziaur Rahman</span> President of Bangladesh from 1977 to 1981

Ziaur RahmanBU HJ HOR was a Bangladeshi military officer and politician who served as the sixth President of Bangladesh from 1977 until his assassination in 1981. One of the leading figures of country's independence war, he broadcast the Bangladeshi declaration of independence in March 1971 from Chittagong. He was the founder of Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). He previously served as the third chief of army staff from 1975 to 1978 with a minor break.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheikh Hasina</span> Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001, 2009–2024)

Sheikh Hasina is a Bangladeshi politician who served as the tenth prime minister of Bangladesh from June 1996 to July 2001 and again from January 2009 to August 2024. She is the daughter of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president of Bangladesh. She served in the position of prime minister for over 20 years, making her the longest-serving prime minister in history of Bangladesh. Thus, she became the world's longest-serving female head of government. Her authoritarian regime ended in self-imposed exile following an uprising in 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad</span> President of Bangladesh in 1975

Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad was a Bangladeshi politician. He was the Minister of Commerce in the third Mujib Rahman ministry under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and assumed the presidency of Bangladesh after the Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on August 15, 1975. He praised the assassins as "sons of the sun" and put cabinet ministers loyal to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in jail. He was himself deposed by another coup, less than three months later on November 3, 1975.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sayed Farooq-ur-Rahman</span> Bangladeshi army officer (1946–2010)

Sayed Farooq-ur-Rahman was the chief organizer involved in toppling the Sheikh Mujib regime in Bangladesh. He was convicted and hanged on 28 January 2010 along with co-conspirators Sultan Shahriar Rashid Khan, A.K.M. Mohiuddin Ahmed, Mohiuddin Ahmed, and Mohammad Bazlul Huda in Dhaka Central Jail, Old Dhaka, for the murder of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, one of the founding leader and the first president of Bangladesh. Sayed Farooq-ur-Rahman and his close ally Khandaker Abdur Rashid were the chief organisers of the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 15 August 1975. He was 2IC of the 1st Bengal Lancers Regiment of the Bangladesh Army who led a group of junior army officers in order to overthrow the regime of Sheikh Mujib and install Khondaker Mushtaque Ahmed as president of Bangladesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</span> 1975 murder in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president of Bangladesh, was assassinated along with most of his family members during the early hours of 15 August 1975 by a group of Bangladesh Army personnel who invaded his residence as part of a coup d'état. The Minister of Commerce, Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, immediately took control and proclaimed himself head of an interim government from 15 August to 6 November 1975; he was in turn succeeded by Chief Justice Abu Sayem. The assassination marked the first direct military intervention in Bangladesh's civilian administration. Lawrence Lifschultz characterized this incident as an outcome of the Cold War between the United States-influenced Pakistan and the Soviet Union-influenced India. 15 August was annually observed as National Mourning Day under Sheikh Hasina regime.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheikh Jamal</span> Bangladeshi army officer (1954–1975)

Sheikh Jamal was the second son of Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president of Bangladesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangladesh Freedom Party</span> Bangladeshi political party

The Bangladesh Freedom Party, also known as Freedom Party is a political party founded by Sayed Farooq-ur-Rahman, Khandakar Abdur Rashid and Bazlul Huda who were the chief organisers of the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 15 August 1975.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib</span> Wife of the first President of Bangladesh

Begum Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib, commonly known as Begum Mujib or Bangamata and also known by her nickname Renu was the wife of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first President of Bangladesh. She is the mother of Sheikh Hasina, the leader of the Awami League and former Prime Minister from 2009-2024. She was killed along with her family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheikh Rehana</span> Bangladeshi politician

Sheikh Rehana Siddiq is a Bangladesh Awami League politician. She is the younger sister of the former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and the daughter of the first President of Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. She is also the mother of Tulip Siddiq, a British Labour Party politician and former Economic Secretary to the Treasury.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tungipara Sheikh family</span> Bangladeshi political family

Tungipara Sheikh family of Tungipara is one of the two most prominent Bangladeshi political families, other being the Zia family. The family primarily consists of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh Hasina, Sheikh Rehana and their relatives. Their political involvement has traditionally revolved around the Bangladesh Awami League.

Mohammad Bazlul Huda was a Bangladeshi Army officer and freedom fighter who was convicted of the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, founding president of Bangladesh. On 28 January 2010, Bazlul was executed along with Syed Faruque Rahman, Sultan Shahriar Rashid Khan, Mohiuddin Ahmed, and A.K.M. Mohiuddin Ahmed in Old Dhaka Central Jail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangabandhu Memorial Museum</span> Museum in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Bangabandhu Memorial Museum, also known as Bangabandhu Bhaban or Dhanmondi 32, located in Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh, was the personal residence of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who was also called Bangabandhu, the founding leader and president of Bangladesh. Mujib was assassinated with most members of his family in this residence. The museum was listed as a national heritage site in 2009 by RAJUK and was largely damaged in a mob violence in 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état</span> First military coup in Bangladesh

The military coup in Bangladesh on August 15 of 1975 was launched by mid-ranking army officers in order to assassinate founding president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, whose administration post-independence grew corrupt and reportedly authoritarian until he established a one-party state-based government led by the socialist party Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League. Mujib, along with his resident family members, were killed during the coup but was survived by his two then-expat daughters, one of them being future prime minister Sheikh Hasina. The officers were led by Capt. Abdul Majed, Major Sayed Farooq-ur-Rahman, Major Khandaker Abdur Rashidand Major Shariful Haque Dalim.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheikh Lutfar Rahman</span> Bangladeshi court officer (1881–1975)

Sheikh Lutfur Rahman was a Bangladeshi serestadar, an officer responsible for record-keeping at the Gopalganj civil court in British India. His son Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was the first president of Bangladesh. Lutfar was also the paternal grandfather of Sheikh Hasina.

<i>Mujib: The Making of a Nation</i> 2023 Bengali biopic by Shyam Benegal

Mujib: The Making of a Nation, is a 2023 epic biographical film based on the life of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father and first president of Bangladesh who is popularly known as Bangabandhu. A co-production between Bangladesh and India, the film was directed by Shyam Benegal and stars Arifin Shuvoo in the titular role.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman statue destruction</span> 2024 Bangladeshi political event

On 5 August 2024, after the resignation of the Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina following the Student–People's uprising, a large golden statue of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, country's first president and Hasina's father, at the Mrityunjayee Prangan in Bijoy Sarani, Dhaka was destroyed and toppled down by the protesters. The event received global media coverage and live broadcast, wherein it came to symbolise the end of Sheikh Hasina's 15-year rule and Sheikh Mujib's cult of personality in Bangladesh.

References

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