| Sibitrema | |
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| Silhouette of the body of Sibitrema poonui | |
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| Genus: | Sibitrema Yamaguti, 1966 [1] |
Sibitrema is a genus which belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes and class Monogenea; the only species included in this genus is parasite of fish. [1]
Sibitrema was established to accommodate Sibitrema poonui from the gills of the bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus , designated as the type species of the genus. [2] Mamaev (1967) established a new genus Metapseudaxine for monogeneans similar to Sibitrema. [3] Metapseudaxine was synonymized with Sibitrema. [4] [2]
This genus resembles Pseudaxinoides in having a single row of clamps on one side of the body and one row of lateral vaginal openings on each side of body . However, it differs from it in having testes preovarial, ovarial and postovarial. Sibitrema can be distinguished by other monogeneans by the following features:
Individuals of species of Sibitrema, like any typical polyopisthocotylean monogenean, have an anterior organ called prohaptor, which is mainly used for feeding and attachment. Although the prohaptor is not the primary attachment organ, it is used to anchor the body of the parasite while the opisthaptor is being repositioned. The opisthaptor is an important attachment organ that allows these ectoparasites to latch onto their hosts.
The body is partly scalloped, extremely long, and consist of three parts: a long wide anterior part gradually tapering anteriorly in its anterior half or third,a narrow neck, and a long haptor. Located at the anterior part of the worm is the funnel-shaped mouth that is connected to the pharynx which is larger than the buccal suckers, followed by the long wide oesophagus esophagus that is smaller in diameter compared to the pharynx. The esophagus then divides into intestinal crura, which extends further posteriorly. The cruca is divided into pouches, which extend between vitellaria. Vitallaria are glands that secrete yolk around the egg. This digestive pathway is observed to be continuous throughout the entire worm.
The worms are hermaphroditic, containing both male and female organs. Each worm has reproductive organs such as vas deferens, testis, uterus, vitelline duct, ovary, and vitellaria. They also have flame cells that function as a kidney and remove waste material. A short duct that opens to the outside on the dorsal surface is composed of four canals on each side, two posterior and two anterior, that come together laterally to the cirrus. During observation on immature specimens, these canals can still be seen. However, on adults, these canals are concealed by vitellaria. [2]
Sibitrema includes one species:
Monogeneans are a group of ectoparasitic flatworms commonly found on the skin, gills, or fins of fish. They have a direct lifecycle and do not require an intermediate host. Adults are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive structures.
Microcotyle is a genus which belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes and class Monogenea. Species of Microcotyle are ectoparasites that affect their host by attaching themselves as larvae on the gills of the fish and grow into adult stage. This larval stage is called oncomiracidium, and is characterized as free swimming and ciliated.
Pseudorhabdosynochus americanus is a diplectanid monogenean parasitic on the gills of groupers. It was described as Diplectanum americanum by Price in 1937 and transferred to the genus Pseudorhabdosynochus by Kritsky and Beverley-Burton in 1986. The species was redescribed by Kritsky, Bakenhaster and Adams in 2015.
Pseudorhabdosynochus yucatanensis is a diplectanid monogenean parasitic on the gills of the Red grouper, Epinephelus morio. It was described by Vidal-Martínez, Aguirre-Macedo & Mendoza-Franco in 1997 and redescribed by Kritsky, Bakenhaster and Adams in 2015.
Pseudorhabdosynochus justinella is a diplectanid monogenean parasitic on the gills of the red grouper, Epinephelus morio. It has been described by Kritsky, Bakenhaster and Adams in 2015.
Pseudorhabdosynochus kritskyi is a diplectanid monogenean parasitic on the gills of the gag, Mycteroperca microlepis. The species has been described by Dyer, Williams and Bunkley-Williams in 1995 and redescribed successively by Yang, Gibson and Zeng in 2005 and by Kritsky, Bakenhaster and Adams in 2015. The name of the species honours the American parasitologist Delane C. Kritsky.
Pseudorhabdosynochus sulamericanus is a diplectanid monogenean parasitic on the gills of the Snowy grouper, Epinephelus niveatus, the Warsaw grouper, Epinephelus nigritus and the Haifa grouper, Epinephelus haifensis. It has been described by Santos, Buchmann & Gibson in 2000 , redescribed by Kritsky, Bakenhaster and Adams in 2015. and again redescribed by Chaabane, Justine, Gey, Bakenhaster & Neifar in 2016.
Microcotyle donavini is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.
Microcotyle nemadactylus is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.
Bivagina centrodonti is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.
Microcotyle polymixiae is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae. It was first described and illustrated based on 82 whole mounts, from the gills of the silver eye, Polymixia japonica (Polymixiidae) off Hawaii.
Microcotyle gimpo is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.
Microcotyle mouwoi is a species of monogenea, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.
Microcotyle sebastisci is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.
Microcotyle toba is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.
Microcotyle tampicensis is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.
Microcotyle peprili is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.
Pseudaxine trachuri is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Gastrocotylidae.
Sibitrema poonui is a species of monogenean flatworm, which is parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Gastrocotylidae.
Allopseudaxine macrova is a species of monogenean flatworm, which is parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Axinidae.