| Sierra de Lema flycatcher | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | Mionectes |
| Species: | M. roraimae |
| Binomial name | |
| Mionectes roraimae (Chubb, C, 1919) | |
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| Synonyms | |
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The Sierra de Lema flycatcher or Tepui flycatcher (Mionectes roraimae) is a species of bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. [2]
The Sierra de Lema flycatcher was described by the English ornithologist Charles Chubb in 1919 as a subspecies of the ochre-bellied flycatcher. He coined the trinomial name Pipromorpha oleaginea roraimae and specified the type location as Mount Roraima in the southeastern corner of Venezuela. [3] The specific epithet roraimae is a Latinized form of Mount Roraima. [4]
The Sierra de Lema flycatcher was reclassified as a subspecies of McConnell's flycatcher (then Pipromorpha macconnelli, now Mionectes macconnelli) by the American ornithologist Clyde Todd in 1921. [5] A study published in 2014 described differences in vocalizations and display behavior between roraimae and macconnelli sensu stricto and suggested that roraimae was a full species. Taxonomic systems began recognizing the split in 2015, though Clements took until 2021 to do so. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
The Sierra de Lema flycatcher is 12.5 to 13.5 cm (4.9 to 5.3 in) long and weighs about 13 g (0.46 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a bright greenish olive head, nape, back, and rump. Their wings and tail are dusky olive. Their throat and underparts are rich dark cinnamon with a dark grayish olive wash on the throat and upper breast. Both sexes have a dark brown iris, a black bill, and medium gray legs and feet. [11] [12] [13]
The Sierra de Lema flycatcher is found on the foothills and slopes of tepuis where southern and southeastern Venezuela, western Guyana, and northern Brazil meet. It inhabits the interior of humid forest, often in areas with sandy soil or those with rock outcrops and boulders. In elevation it mostly ranges between 700 and 2,000 m (2,300 and 6,600 ft) in Venezuela, though there is one record at about 450 m (1,500 ft). It is known between 350 and 1,800 m (1,100 and 5,900 ft) in Brazil. [11] [12] [13]
The Sierra de Lema flycatcher is a year-round resident. [12]
The Sierra de Lema flycatcher feeds on a variety of fruits and arthropods. It forages from near the ground up to about 25 m (80 ft) above it. It hover-gleans fruit and insects in short sallies from a perch. It regularly joins mixed-species feeding flocks. [11] [12]
The Sierra de Lema flycatcher is believed to breed between January and March. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology, though it is thought to be similar to that of McConnell's flycatcher, which see here. [11]
As of late 2024 xeno-canto had only two recordings of Sierra de Lema flycatcher vocalizations; the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library had 16. The species has a "chatter song", a "series of unmelodious modulated notes, which sounds like a jumbled chatter...typically introduced by short single chup notes, and suddenly shifts to a loud jangle of c.10–15 notes". Its "twangy song" is a "peculiar nasal phrase starting with a low-pitched drawnout vibrating note immediately followed by a much higher-pitched rising trill trrrrraaa-rrreeeee". [11]
The IUCN has assessed the Sierra de Lema flycatcher as being of Least Concern. Its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered uncommon to fairly common in Venezuela. [12] It is "[n]ot considered to be threatened by habitat loss, as few roads penetrate its distributional range and human population is small". [11]
The ochre-bellied flycatcher is a small bird of the tyrant flycatcher family. It is found in Mexico, every Central American country, Trinidad and Tobago, and every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The short-tailed antthrush is a species of bird in the family Formicariidae. It is found in every mainland South American country except Chile, French Guiana, and Uruguay.
The great elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil and Venezuela.
The Roraiman antwren is an insectivorous bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
The white-throated tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
McConnell's flycatcher is a species of bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Mionectes is a genus of birds in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae.
The olive-striped flycatcher is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Trinidad, and Venezuela.
The sooty-headed tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Chapman's bristle tyrant, also known as Chapman's tyrannulet, is a species of passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
The Roraiman barbtail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
McConnell's spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The Venezuelan tyrannulet is a species of passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The masked trogon is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae. It is fairly common in humid highland forests in South America, mainly the Andes and tepuis.
The foothill screech owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The white-fronted tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
The spectacled tyrannulet, also known as the specious tyrannulet, mountain tyrannulet, and Venezuelan tyrannulet, is a small passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
Mercedes Suarez Foster is an American zoologist who researched the evolution of lek behavior in birds, bird-plant interactions, and male-male cooperation in reproduction. She is very active in conservation efforts, including training workshops, being a Scientific Advisor for the National Bio-inventory Program of Paraguay, as a Founding Director of the American Bird Conservancy, and as a Founder and Co-coordinator of the Latin American Library Enhancement Program. She is also the Director and Editor of a program to publish handbooks giving "standard methods for measuring and monitoring the biodiversity of different groups of organisms".
The tepui elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
The dusky leaftosser or South American leaftosser is a bird in subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Giana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
