Sillitoe Tartan is the nickname given to the distinctive black and white chequered pattern correctly known as dicing, which was originally associated with the police in Scotland, but which later spread to widespread use overseas, notably in Australia, New Zealand, the rest of the United Kingdom, and Chicago as well as Pittsburgh in the United States. Elsewhere it is rare, such as in parts of Canada where it is limited to the Auxiliary Police services.
Based on the diced bands seen on the Glengarries that are worn by several Scottish regiments of the British Army, the pattern was first adopted for police use in 1932 by Sir Percy Sillitoe, Chief Constable of the City of Glasgow Police. [1]
Sillitoe Tartan may be composed of several different colours and number of rows depending on local custom, but when incorporated into uniforms, or vehicle livery, serves to uniquely identify emergency services personnel to the public.
The Sillitoe tartan was an exclusively Scottish phenomenon until introduced in South Australia in 1961. [2] From 1972, within the United Kingdom, the original black and white Scottish version began to rapidly spread throughout England and Wales and it is now used by all police forces in Great Britain.
Most forces use black and white chequered hat bands, however the City of London Police uses distinctive red and white chequers. The City of London Corporation also run the Hampstead Heath Constabulary and the Billingsgate Market Constabulary (who are no longer attested as constables but retain the historic title), which also use red and white chequers. [3] [4] [5] The Hammersmith and Fulham Parks Constabulary, who are run by the local authority, also originally used red and white chequers in line with the corporate colours of the council but they reverted to the standard type. [6]
Attested cathedral constables, employed at a number of Anglican cathedrals, have adopted a royal blue and white chequered cap band in order to distinguish them from their Home Office police colleagues.
The now defunct Royal Parks Constabulary originally wore green and white chequers, but later changed to the standard police blue and white chequers. The Royal Parks Constabulary Scotland were a separate force to their aforementioned English counterparts and they also used green and white chequers. [7]
While the Sillitoe Tartan is not used in the dress uniform of the Police Service of Northern Ireland, it does appear on the force's baseball caps, motorcycle helmets and high-visibility jackets.
Blue and white chequers are also associated with the police, and may be used on vehicles and signage. Subsequent to the launching of Battenburg markings on police vehicles in the 1990s, the police introduced retro-reflective versions of the Sillitoe tartan markings to their uniforms, usually in blue and white, rather than the blue and yellow used on vehicles.
Many police forces have a sky blue and white Sillitoe Tartan hatband as part of their PCSOs uniform. This is as a result of moves by the trade union Unison to develop a national law enforcement uniform within the UK.[ citation needed ]
As a result of this the blue and white Sillitoe Tartan has been taken up by a number of municipal organisations, including the London Borough of Newham Law Enforcement and Nottingham City Council Community Protection, who are accredited under the Community Safety Accreditation Scheme. It is also being taken on by a number of private security organisations (most notably Canary Wharf Security) in recognition[ by whom? ] that they are now part of the extended policing family.[ citation needed ]
Blue and white chequers have become the ubiquitous symbol of policing in Australia. The pattern was introduced into Australia by the Commissioner of the South Australia Police in 1961, following a fact-finding tour of Glasgow in 1960. [8] The police forces of the remaining states and territories progressively adopted the pattern during the 1970s [8] until it was displayed on all Australian police uniforms except that of the Australian Federal Police, who use a black and white Sillitoe Tartan on their cap bands.
The Australasian Centre for Policing Research (ACPR) approved a national specification for police vehicle markings in 1995 which saw all vehicles marked with a chequer band stripe running the full length of the vehicle. This was adopted by all states with the exception of New South Wales which eventually adopted the national standard in 2002. [9]
Other coloured chequered patterns may be used to denote other emergency services and particular usage varies from state to state. For example, in New South Wales the Ambulance Service uses red and white chequers on ambulances and paramedic's uniforms, while the State Emergency Service uses orange and white Sillitoe Tartan. St. John Ambulance uses a white and green pattern on their vehicles and operational uniforms in both South Australia and Victoria. In New South Wales the Roads & Maritime Services Traffic Emergency Patrol have adopted a yellow and purple Sillitoe Tartan [10] whereas the Victorian counterpart, VicRoads have adopted a green and white variant. [11]
National patterns | ||
State/Territory/Federal/Military Police | Blue / White | |
State/Territory Emergency Service | Orange / White | |
St Andrew's First Aid Australia | Green / White- |
State patterns | ||
NSW: Ambulance Service Northern Territory: Fire and Rescue Service Victoria: Country Fire Authority | Red / White | |
NSW: Patient Transport Service NSW: Volunteer Rescue Association South Australia and Victoria: St. John Ambulance, Victoria: VicRoads Transport Safety Services | Green / White | |
South Australia: Metropolitan Fire Service | Red / Navy | |
South Australia: Country Fire Service | Red / Orange | |
NSW: Corrective Services, South Australia: Police - Protective Security Services, Victoria: Police - Protective Services Officers, NSW: Marine Rescue NSW | Yellow / Navy | |
NSW: Fire and Rescue NSW, South Australia: Country Fire Service, NSW: Surf Life Saving Australia | Yellow / Red | |
NSW: Roads and Maritime Services Traffic Emergency Patrol Northern Territory: Department of Transport - Transit Safety Services | Yellow / Royal purple | |
General law enforcement in New Zealand is the responsibility of the country's national police service. The New Zealand Police wear a blue uniform, similar in colour to those found in Australia, and share the same three-row Sillitoe Tartan of blue and white. The pattern is also borne across stab vests and elsewhere. Unlike their Australian counterparts, New Zealand police vehicles do not display Sillitoe Tartan markings, but instead are usually marked with Battenberg markings.
Use of the Sillitoe Tartan is rare in Canada and is usually limited to auxiliary police services. For example, the Toronto Police Auxiliary wear a red and black chequered band on their caps.
A two-row Chicago-style Sillitoe tartan is borne on the high-visibility vests of the Vancouver Police, Metro Vancouver Transit Police, and other municipal police forces in the Lower Mainland and on Vancouver Island (along the edges of the horizontal and vertical reflective strips) [12] , but not on their high-visibility jackets nor other uniforms.
Only a few police forces in the United States have adopted the chequered pattern: the Chicago Police Department, Cook County Sheriff's Police, Brookfield (Illinois) Police, Forest Park (Illinois) Police, Evergreen Park (Illinois) Police, Hillside (Illinois) Police, and the Pittsburgh Police. U.S. police departments prefer to use a two-row pattern, instead of the three-row pattern common in Europe and Australasia. Many other departments in the United States and Canada, while lacking the tartan on their cap bands, have begun using two-row reflective versions as part of the design on high-visibility outer garments and vests.
Blue and white sillitoe tartan is used by the several local Spanish police forces. Both the Toledo and Mijas local policia use a three tiered version on vehicles in a fashion very similar to Australian police vehicles. [16] [17] [18] The Ajuntament de Sóller and Barcelona (Guàrdia Urbana) local Policía both use two tiered blue and white versions. [19] [20]
The Royal Brunei Police Force use blue and white Sillitoe tartan on various police vehicles but not on uniforms. [21] [22]
The Royal Malaysia Police use a gold and blue Sillitoe tartan on vehicles but not on any uniforms or insignia. [23] [24]
The Hong Kong Police Force use to a limited extent both two and three tier blue/white Sillitoe Tartan schemes (Battenburg markings) on traffic vehicles. This pattern appears to be similar to the Australian style of police markings. [25] [26]
The plan for a national uniform for local municipal enforcement officers contains the Sillitoe Tartan patterns on the cap and shirts, sweaters and jackets on a uniform similar to that of the Spanish local police.
The different emergency units of Norway can be distinguished by the colour scheme of the sillitoe tartan, where the checker pattern alternates between a colour and reflective white squares.
Two police forces, the State of São Paulo Military Police and Federal District Military Police, and also one auxiliary force, the City of São Paulo Metropolitan Civil Guard, wear a black and white Sillitoe Tartan Pattern on their uniforms, mainly on baseball caps and side hats, parts of their fatigue uniforms.
The Durban Metro Police use the same blue and white Sillitoe Tartan pattern as Australia on their vehicles, unlike the police vehicles of other cities in South Africa.
The Icelandic Police wear a black-and-white Sillitoe Tartan Pattern on shirt and trouser cuffs, lower hems of jackets and on the base of side hats and baseball caps. A blue and yellow pattern is applied as a reflective marking to the lower part of patrol cars as well.
The glengarry bonnet is a traditional Scots cap made of thick-milled woollen material, decorated with a toorie on top, frequently a rosette cockade on the left side, and ribbons hanging behind. It is normally worn as part of Scottish military or civilian Highland dress, either formal or informal, as an alternative to the Balmoral bonnet or tam o' shanter.
A raised pavement marker is a safety device used on roads. These devices are usually made with plastic, ceramic, thermoplastic paint, glass or occasionally metal, and come in a variety of shapes and colors. Raised reflective markers, such as plastic, ceramic, metal ones, include a lens or sheeting that enhances their visibility by retroreflecting automotive headlights, while glass road studs gather automotive headlights with a dome shape and reflect the lights with a reflective layer within. Some other names for specific types of raised pavement markers include convex vibration lines, Botts' dots, delineators, cat's eyes, road studs, or road turtles. Sometimes they are simply referred to as "reflectors".
Panda car, or just panda, refers to a small or medium sized marked British police car.
The City of Glasgow Police or Glasgow City Police was the police of the City of Glasgow, Scotland. In the 17th century, Scottish cities used to hire watchmen to guard the streets at night, augmenting a force of unpaid citizen constables. On 30 June 1800 the authorities of Glasgow successfully petitioned the British Government to pass the Glasgow Police Act establishing the City of Glasgow Police. It served Glasgow from 1800 to 1975, when it was amalgamated into Strathclyde Police. It is sometimes described as the first modern-style municipal police force, although due to the original Glasgow force's small size and varied duties this title has previously been claimed by the London Metropolitan Police. However, following formal enforcement action by the Advertising Standards Authority, the Metropolitan Police gave a written undertaking never to repeat this claim again.
The peaked cap, service cap, forage cap, barracks cover or combination cap is a form of headgear worn by the armed forces of many nations, as well as many uniformed civilian organisations such as law enforcement agencies and fire departments. It derives its name from its short visor, which was historically made of polished leather but increasingly is made of a cheaper synthetic substitute.
A military police vehicle is a vehicle used by the military police entities of a country's armed forces.
Strathclyde Police was the territorial police force responsible for the Scottish council areas of Argyll and Bute, City of Glasgow, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Inverclyde, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire between 1975 and 2013. The Police Authority contained members from each of these authorities.
Dorset Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing the English county of Dorset in the south-west of England. As of September 2017, the force had a workforce of 1,276 police officers, 1,049 police staff, 127 police community support officers, 63 designated officers and 118 special constables. In comparison to the 48 police forces of the United Kingdom, Dorset Police is the 14th smallest in terms of officer numbers. In terms of geographic area of responsibility, Dorset Police is the 20th smallest of the 45 territorial police forces.
Hampshire Constabulary is the territorial police force responsible for policing the counties of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight in South East England.
Wiltshire Police, formerly known as Wiltshire Constabulary, is the territorial police force responsible for policing the county of Wiltshire in the south-west of England. In terms of officer numbers, it is the third smallest force in the United Kingdom but has the 20th largest geographic area to police of the 45 territorial police forces of the country.
York Minster Police is a small, specialised cathedral constabulary responsible for security in York Minster and its precincts in York, United Kingdom.
The custodian helmet is the modern name applied to the helmet worn by male police officers in England and Wales and certain other places around the world. It is synonymous with the "bobby on the beat" image.
Police uniforms and equipment in the United Kingdom have varied considerably from the inception of what were the earliest recognisable mainstream police forces in the early 19th century. As various pieces of legislation in the middle part of the 19th century standardised policing in the United Kingdom, so too, did the uniforms and equipment become standardised. From a variety of home grown uniforms, bicycles, swords and pistols the British police force evolved in look and equipment through the long coats and top hat, to the recognisable modern uniform of a white shirt, black tie, reflective jackets, body armour, and the panda car.
Black and white is an American slang term for a police car that is painted in large panels of black and white or generally any "marked" police car. Historically, this scheme was much favored by North American police forces because it allowed the unambiguous recognition of patrol units from a significant distance. However, as the color scheme is not standardized, each police agency in Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. can choose their own color scheme. The most common variant of the black and white color scheme is white roof and four white doors, the second most common is white roof and only the two front doors. In Finland and Sweden, the black and white police cars had black roofs to make them visible in high snow.
The uniforms of the United States Air Force are the standardized military uniforms worn by airmen of the United States Air Force to distinguish themselves from the other services.
Battenburg markings or Battenberg markings are a pattern of high-visibility markings used primarily on the sides of emergency service vehicles in the UK, several other European countries as well as in New Zealand, Australia, Hong Kong, and Trinidad and Tobago. The name comes from its similarity in appearance to the cross-section of a Battenberg cake.
A check is a pattern of modified stripes consisting of crossed horizontal and vertical lines forming squares.
Cathedral constables are employed by a small number of Church of England cathedrals in England. They have been appointed under common law and cathedral statutes for nearly 800 years, predating the modern police service by many centuries.
Liverpool Markets Police was a police force maintained by Liverpool City Council to police the markets owned by the City. The force existed from at least 1837, was disbanded in 1976, re-formed in 1992 and finally disbanded in 2002.
The City of London market constabularies are three small constabularies responsible for security at Billingsgate, New Spitalfields and Smithfield markets run by the City of London Corporation.
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