Slovene months have standard modern names derived from Latin names, as in most European languages. There are also archaic Slovene month names, mostly of Slavic origin, which exist in both a standardized set as well as many variations.
The standard modern Slovene month names are januar, februar, marec, april, maj, junij, julij, avgust, september, oktober, november, and december. When writing dates, they appear after the day and are often represented by Arabic numerals, and sometimes with Roman numerals (e.g., 19. 5. or 19. V. '19 May'). Older variants include januvarij 'January', februvarij 'February', and marcij 'March'. [1]
Many of the names in the standardized set of archaic Slovene month names first occur in the Škofja Loka manuscript, written in 1466 by Martin of Loka. [2]
Multiple systems have been used in various Slovene-speaking regions, some of which were based on the names of saints (e.g., jurjevščak 'April', literally 'St. George's'), numbers (e.g., prvnik 'January', literally 'first'), or other features (e.g., vetrnik 'March', literally 'windy'). In the Prekmurje dialect of Slovene, the following system was attested: sečen 'January', süšec 'February', mali traven 'March', velki traven 'April', risalšček 'May', ivanšček 'June', jakopešček 'July', mešnjek 'August', mihalšček 'September', vsesvišček 'October', andrejšček 'November', božič 'December'. [5]
Additional names include brumen (< Italian bruma 'depth of winter'), [6] sečen [6] (related to suh 'dry' or from sek- 'cut'), [3] ledenec [6] and lednik [6] (< led 'ice'), mali božičnjak [6] and malobožičnjak [6] (< mali božič 'Epiphany'), [7] prozimec [6] (probably contamination of prosinec with zima 'winter'), prvnik [6] (< prvi 'first'), and zimec [6] (< zima 'winter'). [7] The name prosinec, associated with millet bread and the act of asking for something, was first written in the Škofja Loka manuscript. [2]
Additional names include sečan [3] [6] and sečen [3] [6] (both related to suh 'dry' or from sek- 'cut'), [3] and sečni mesec (< sek- 'cut'). [3] The name svečan may relate to icicles or Candlemas. [8] This name originates from sičan, [9] written as svičan in the New Carniolan Almanac from 1775 and changed to its final form by Franc Metelko in his New Almanac from 1824. [8] The name was also spelled sečan, meaning "the month of cutting down of trees". [8] In 1848, a proposal was put forward in Kmetijske in rokodelske novice by the Slovene Society of Ljubljana to call this month talnik (related to ice melting), but it has not stuck. The idea was proposed by the priest and patriot Blaž Potočnik. [10] A name of February in Slovene was also vesnar, after the mythological character Vesna. [11]
Additional names include brezen [6] [12] and breznik [8] (both from breza 'birch'), [13] ebehtnik (< Middle High German ebennaht 'equinox'), [6] gregorščak [6] (< Gregor '(Saint) Gregory'), marcij, [6] postnik [6] (< post 'Lent'), traven [6] (< trava 'grass'), and tretnik [6] (< tretji 'third'). The name sušec was first written in the Škofja Loka manuscript.
Additional names include brezen [6] (< breza 'birch') [13] and jurijevščak [6] (< Jurij '(Saint) George'). The name mali traven was first written in the Škofja Loka manuscript. [8]
Additional names include cvetičnik [6] and cvetnar (both < cvet 'flower'), majnik, [3] [6] mlečen [7] (< mleč 'chicory'), [7] risalščak [6] and rusalščak [6] (< risale/rusale 'Pentecost'), [7] rožni mesec (< roža 'flower'), and sviben [6] (< sviba '(flowering of) dogwood'). The name veliki traven was first written in the Škofja Loka manuscript.
Additional names include bobov cvet [12] (literally, 'broad bean blossom') ivanjščak [6] and šentjanževec [6] (both referring to Saint John's Day), klasen [6] (< klas 'head of grain'), kresnik [6] (< kres 'bonfire', referring to Midsummer), prašnik [6] (literally, 'stamen'), rožencvet [7] and rožni cvet [6] [12] (both 'flower blossom'), and rženi cvet [12] ('rye blossom').
Additional names include jakobnik [6] and jakobščak [6] (both referring to Saint James's Day), pšeničnik [6] (< pšenica 'wheat'), and žetnik [6] (< žetev 'reaping').
Additional names include kolovožnjak, [6] medmašnik, [6] mešnjak, [6] otavnik, [6] [12] porcijunkula, [12] velikomašnjak, [6] and vršenj. [6]
Additional names include jesenik, [6] jesenščak, [6] kozoprsk, [6] miholščak, [6] poberuh, [6] [12] and šmihelščnik. [6]
Additional names include kozoprsk, [6] [12] listopad, [6] lukovščak, [6] moštnik, [6] obročnik, [6] repar, [6] repnik, [6] vinec, [6] and vinščak. [6] [12]
Additional names include andrejščak, [6] gnilolist, [6] listognoj, [6] [12] martinščak, [6] vsesvečnjak, [6] and vsesvečak. [6]
Additional names include kolednjak [6] and veliki božičnjak [6] (< božič 'Christmas'). [7]
The Ljubljana Basin is a basin in the upper river basin of Sava. It is the most populated area in Slovenia and it is metropolitan area of Ljubljana. Its main rivers are the Sava, the Kamnik Bistrica and the Ljubljanica.
Upper Carniola is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The largest town in the region is Kranj, and other urban centers include Jesenice, Tržič, Škofja Loka, Kamnik, and Domžale. It has around 300,000 inhabitants or 14% of the population of Slovenia.
Dobrova is a clustered settlement northwest of Ljubljana in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It is the administrative centre of the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec. It lies on the road from Ljubljana to Polhov Gradec at the point where roads split off to Horjul to the southwest and to Šentvid, Ljubljana to the northeast. It extends along the flat area to the northeast up to the Gradaščica River and encompasses much of Dobrova Hill to the southwest. Bezenica Creek, Broad Creek, and Ječnik Creek, left tributaries of the Horjulščica River, flow through the hills west of the settlement. Dobrova includes the hamlets of Pod Kotom northwest of the main settlement and Graben southwest of the main settlement.
Belica is a small settlement east of the town of Polhov Gradec in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It lies on the left bank of the Gradaščica River on the road from Ljubljana to Polhov Gradec, bounded by Rabidovš Hill to the north and Črtež Hill to the northwest.
Briše pri Polhovem Gradcu is a dispersed settlement just south of Polhov Gradec in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It lies in the valley of Little Creek on the road from Polhov Gradec to Lučine and includes the hamlets of Škofijski Hrib, Zavrh, and Štebavnik. It is surrounded by Praproče Hill and Mount Polhov Gradec to the north, Little Peak to the west, Big Hill to the south, Kladnik Hill to the southeast, and Zvonščica Hill to the east.
Dolenja Vas pri Polhovem Gradcu is a small village east of Polhov Gradec in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
Srednja Vas pri Polhovem Gradcu is a small settlement just east of Polhov Gradec in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
Hrastenice is a small settlement northwest of Dobrova in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It lies on the road from Ljubljana to Polhov Gradec above the Gradaščica River.
Log pri Polhovem Gradcu is a small dispersed settlement east of Polhov Gradec in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
Planina nad Horjulom is a dispersed settlement northwest of Horjul in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It includes the hamlets of Kolobocija, Lom, Pustota, and Zameja, as well as part of the hamlet of Suhi Dol.
Polhov Gradec is a settlement in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It is the center of the Upper Gradaščica Valley.
Praproče is a small village west of Polhov Gradec in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It includes part of the hamlet of Zalog northwest of the main settlement, in the valley of Big Božna Creek.
Rovt is a dispersed settlement in the hills west of Polhov Gradec in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
Selo nad Polhovim Gradcem is a dispersed settlement in the hills above Polhov Gradec in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It lies between the Petač Gorge with Big Božna Creek to the south and the Hrastnica Valley to the north. It is on a formerly important freight route between Škofja Loka and Polhov Gradec.
Setnik is a dispersed settlement east of Polhov Gradec in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It includes the hamlets of Zalog, Butajnova, Veliki Vrh, and Mali Vrh. Setnik is known as Setjək in the local dialect.
Smolnik is a dispersed settlement in the hills northwest of Polhov Gradec in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
Stranska Vas is a clustered village northeast of Dobrova in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
Šujica is a clustered village on the left bank of the Gradaščica River, 1 km north of Dobrova in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.
Big Božna Creek or simply the Božna, also known as Božja Creek, or Big Creek is a stream in northwestern Slovenia. It is the left source tributary of the Gradaščica, the right one being Little Creek. It was recorded under the German names Salog bach or Sallog Bach in the 18th century.
The Polhov Gradec Hills are a pre-Alpine hilly region of northwestern Slovenia. To the north they border the Škofja Loka Hills, and to the south they border the Ljubljana Basin and the Ljubljana Marsh. The largest watercourse is the Gradaščica River. In 1971, a proposal was put forward to protect the region as a nature park, but it was never formally adopted.
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