Smithsonite

Last updated
Smithsonite
Smithsonite-Willemite-cktsu-23a.jpg
General
Category Carbonate mineral
Formula ZnCO3
IMA symbol Smt [1]
Strunz classification 5.AB.05
Crystal system Trigonal
Crystal class Hexagonal scalenohedral (3m)
H-M symbol: (3 2/m)
Space group R3c
Unit cell a = 4.6526(7)
c = 15.0257(22) [Å]; Z = 6
Identification
ColorWhite, grey, yellow, green to apple-green, blue, pink, purple, bluish grey, and brown
Crystal habit Uncommon as crystals, typically botryoidal, reniform, spherulitic; stalactitic, earthy, compact massive
Twinning None observed
Cleavage Perfect on [1011]
Fracture Uneven, sub-conchoidal
Tenacity Brittle
Mohs scale hardness4.5
Luster Vitreous, may be pearly
Streak White
Diaphaneity Translucent
Specific gravity 4.4–4.5
Optical propertiesUniaxial (−)
Refractive index nω = 1.842 – 1.850 nε = 1.619 – 1.623
Birefringence δ = 0.223 – 0.227
Ultraviolet fluorescence May fluoresce pale green or pale blue under UV
References [2] [3] [4]

Smithsonite, also known as zinc spar, is the mineral form of zinc carbonate (Zn CO3). Historically, smithsonite was identified with hemimorphite before it was realized that they were two different minerals. The two minerals are very similar in appearance and the term calamine has been used for both, leading to some confusion. The distinct mineral smithsonite was named in 1832 by François Sulpice Beudant in honor of English scientist James Smithson (c. 1765–1829), who first identified the mineral in 1802. [3] [5]

Contents

Smithsonite is a variably colored trigonal mineral which only rarely is found in well formed crystals. The typical habit is as earthy botryoidal masses. It has a Mohs hardness of 4.5 and a specific gravity of 4.4 to 4.5.

Smithsonite occurs as a secondary mineral in the weathering or oxidation zone of zinc-bearing ore deposits. It sometimes occurs as replacement bodies in carbonate rocks and as such may constitute zinc ore. It commonly occurs in association with hemimorphite, willemite, hydrozincite, cerussite, malachite, azurite, aurichalcite and anglesite. It forms two limited solid solution series, with substitution of manganese leading to rhodochrosite, and with iron, leading to siderite. [4] A bright yellow variety is sometimes called "turkey fat ore". The cause of the yellow colour is due to the presence of greenockite inclusions within the smithsonite crystals. [2]

See also

References

  1. Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi: 10.1180/mgm.2021.43 . S2CID   235729616.
  2. 1 2 Smithsonite: Smithsonite mineral information and data from Mindat
  3. 1 2 Smithsonite mineral data from Webmineral
  4. 1 2 Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005). "Smithsonite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineral Data Publishing. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  5. "Smithsonite at the National Museum of Natural History". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 8 December 2010.

Bibliography