| Speckle-breasted wren | |
|---|---|
 | |
| photo captured in Ecuador | |
| song recorded in Ecuador | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Troglodytidae |
| Genus: | Pheugopedius |
| Species: | P. sclateri |
| Binomial name | |
| Pheugopedius sclateri (Taczanowski, 1879) | |
 | |
| Synonyms | |
Thryothorus sclateri | |
The speckle-breasted wren (Pheugopedius sclateri) is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. [4]
The speckle-breasted wren has at times been treated as conspecific with rufous-breasted wren (P. rutilus) and spot-breasted wren (P. maculipectus). They do form a superspecies. [5] [6]
The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and the Clements taxonomy recognize three subspecies. The names in parentheses are from Clements. [4] [7]
BirdLife International (BLI) treats all three subspecies as separate species and calls them the "Maranon", "Colombian", and "speckle-breasted" wrens. [8]
The nominate P. s. sclateri is 14.5 to 15.5 cm (5.7 to 6.1 in) long and weighs 20 g (0.71 oz). Adults have a reddish brown crown and a medium brown back and rump. Their tail has alternating gray and dull black bars. They have a narrow white supercilium and a dark eyestripe; the sides of the face and neck are mottled black and white. Their underparts from the chin down through the lower belly have fine black and white bars. The lower belly and flanks have bars but they are more diffuse, and the flanks also have a buff wash. Juveniles are similar to the adults but their underside's bars do not go as far down the belly. [5]
P. s. columbianus is 13 to 14 cm (5.1 to 5.5 in) long. Adults have uniform brown upperparts with a rufous tinge to the crown and their tails have broad dark bars. They have a narrow white supercilium. Their face and most of their underparts are white with black bars and spots; the flanks are dark buff. [5]
P. s. paucimaculatus is 13.5 to 15.5 cm (5.3 to 6.1 in) long. Males average 12.7 g (0.45 oz) and females 10 g (0.35 oz). Adults have uniform brown upperparts with black bars on the tail. They have a narrow white supercilium and black and white speckled cheeks. Most of the underparts are whitish, with a heavily black-speckled breast, and the flanks are rufescent. The juvenile is similar but its breast is not as heavily speckled. [5]
The subspecies of speckle-breasted wren are found thus: [5] [4]
The three subspecies occur in somewhat different habitats. P. s. sclateri inhabits the undergrowth of dry forest up to approximately 1,600 m (5,200 ft) elevation. P. s. columbianus inhabits the thick understory of forest borders and open woodland at elevations between 1,300 and 2,000 m (4,300 and 6,600 ft). P. s. paucimaculatus inhabits the interior and edges of deciduous semi-humid woodland, especially those with a dense understory. It ranges from the lowlands to approximately 1,600 m (5,200 ft) in Ecuador and to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in Peru. [5]
P. s. paucimaculatus is known to eat insects, and the other two subspecies are assumed to also be mostly or completely insectivorous. It and P. s. sclateri are known to forage in the understory, though the former also sometimes goes higher. They are usually in pairs and often join mixed-species foraging flocks. P. s. columbianus is assumed to have a similar strategy. [5]
Only P. s. paucimaculatus' breeding phenology has been studied. Its breeding season apparently spans from April to September, based on the dates of observation of an active nest, of adults carrying food, and of recent fledglings. The one described nest was enclosed, made from sticks, vines, leaves, and lichen, and was on the ground; it held four eggs. [5]
The songs of the three subspecies of speckle-breasted wren have no known differences. The song is "a series of fast, repeated phrases" sung by both sexes . The call is "a musical rising trill" . [5]
The IUCN has separately assessed all of the subspecies of speckle-breasted wren as being of Least Concern. [3] [2] [1] All three have relatively small ranges. P. s. sclateri and P. s. paucimaculatus occur in several protected areas, are fairly common to common, and appear to have enough of their preferred habitats. However, the population of P. s. columbianus is believed to be decreasing due to habitat fragmentation and destruction. [5]
The rufous-breasted wren is a small songbird of the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
The plain xenops is a passerine bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in the tropical New World from southern Mexico south as far as northern Bolivia and east across Brazil.
The speckled chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The many-striped canastero is a species of passerine bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The stout-billed cinclodes is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
The grey-breasted wood wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found from Mexico to Bolivia.
The bar-winged wood wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in southern Ecuador and northern Peru.
The southern nightingale-wren, also known as the scaly-breasted wren, is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
Azara's spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The lineated foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Inca wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The black-bellied wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama.
The happy wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to the Pacific slope of western Mexico, from the state of Sonora to the state of Oaxaca, and also on islands west of the Mexican coast. As with other species of Pheugopedius, older sources classify it within genus Thryothorus. Some authorities have treated it as a subspecies of P. rutilus or P. sclateri. There is significant geographical variation, and six subspecies are recognized: P. f. sonorae is found in southern Sonora and northern Sinaloa; P. f. pallidus is found in central Sinaloa, western Durango and southwards to Jalisco and Michoacán; P. f. lawrencii and P. f. magdalenae are found on different islands of the Islas Marías; P. f. grandis is found in the Balsas River basin, and the nominate subspecies, P. f. felix in southwestern Mexico from Jalisco to Oaxaca.
The moustached wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.
The spot-breasted wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.
The whiskered wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
The bay wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is native to southern Central America and northwestern South America.
The sooty-headed wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Colombia and Panama.
The mountain wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in the Andes of northwestern Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and western Venezuela.
The Ecuadorian piculet is a species of bird in subfamily Picumninae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
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