Stephanoceratoidea | |
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Cadomites species fossil | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Cephalopoda |
Subclass: | † Ammonoidea |
Order: | † Ammonitida |
Suborder: | † Ammonitina |
Superfamily: | † Stephanoceratoidea Neumayr, 1875 |
Families | |
See text |
Stephanoceratoidea, formerly Stephanocerataceae, is a superfamily of middle- upper Jurassic ammonoid cephalopods within the order Ammonitida containing diverse forms, generally with sharp ribbing and complex suture lines. Aptychi are believed to be mostly granular (Granulaptycus) or concentrically ribbed on the surface (Praestriaptychus) (Arkell et al. 1957)
The shells of the Stephanoceratoidea, which determine the different included families, are highly variable in form. They are discoidal and evolute with all whorls exposed, spheroidal and involute with only the outer whorl showing, cadiconic with a deep umbilicus and broad ventral margin, and oxiconic with the ventral margin sharp. They are united by being generally sharply ribbed and by their complex suture lines with a dominant 1st lateral lobe and a well-developed umbilical lobe. (Arkell et al. 1957)
Stephanoceratoidea contains five families according to Donovan et al. (1981), a reduction from the 11 listed in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, 1957 Part L. They are the:
The Pachyceratidae and Tulitidae included in the Stephanoceratoidea in the Treatise (1957) are reassigned to the Perisphinctoidea. The Macrocephalotidae and Mayaitidae of the Treatise are reduced to subfamilies within the Sphaeroceratidae, Macrocephalitinae and Mayaitinae, but still in the Stephanoceratoidea. The Clydoniceratidae and Thamboceratidae are combined as the Clydoniceratinae within the Hildoceratoid family Oppeliidae.
According to Donovan et al (1981) the Stephanoceratidae and Otoitdae both have their origin in the Hildoceratoidea, in the Phymatoceratidae. The Otoitidae gave rise to the Sphaeroceratidae which gave rise to the Cardioceraticae, the Stephanoceratidae to the Kosmoceratidae, all within the Stephanoceratoidea. The Stephanoceratidae, accordingly, also gave rise to the Perisphinctidae, root stock of the Perisphictoidea.
This differs from the older phylogeny of the Treatise Part L the Stephanoceratoidea are thought to be derived from the Hammatoceratidae (Hildoceratoidea) through the ancestral family, the Otoitidae which gave rise in the early Middle Jurassic to the Stephanoceratidae and Sphaeroceratidae, forming two main lineages. The Stephanoceratidae gave rise to the Thamboceratidae which in turn gave rise to the Clydoniceratidae. The Sphaeroceratidae gave rise to the Tulitidae which is the source for both the Macrocephalitidae and the Pachyceratidae. The Pachyceratidae lead to the Mayitidae, the Macrocephalitidae both the Kosmoceratidae and Cardioceratidae.
Ammonitida is an order of more highly evolved ammonoid cephalopods that lived from the Jurassic through Cretaceous time periods, commonly with intricate ammonitic sutures.
Audaxlytoceras is an extinct genus of lytoceratid ammonites.
Arcticoceras is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod genus from the late Middle Jurassic belonging to the ammonite family Cardioceratidae, more commonly found to high northern latitudes.
Arctocephalites is an extinct ammonitic cephalopod genus from the Middle Jurassic with a wide northern distribution belonging to the stephanoceratacean family, Cardioceratidae.
Docidoceras is an extinct ammonite genus from the order Ammonitida that lived during the Middle Jurassic. Docidoceras is included in the family Otoitidae which makes up part of the ammonite superfamily Stephanoceratoidea.
Lytoceratina is a suborder of Jurassic and Cretaceous ammonites that produced loosely coiled, evolute and gyroconic shells in which the sutural element are said to have complex moss-like endings.
Ammonitina comprises a diverse suborder of ammonite cephalopods that lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods of the Mesozoic Era. They are excellent index fossils, and it is often possible to link the rock layer in which they are found to specific geological time periods.
Ermoceras is a genus of ammonite belonging to the Thomboceratidae family of the Middle Jurassic found in deposites of central Arabia, Sinai, and Algeria with strong primary and secondary ribs and a single row of lateral tubercles; described as having a deep ventral groove
Phaulostephanus is an extinct genus from the ammonoid family Stephanoceratidae, which is part of the ammonitid superfamily Stephanoceratoidea, that lived during the early Middle Jurassic.
Otoites is the type genus of the ammonite family Otoitidae that live during the Middle Jurassic.
Otoidtidae: stephanoceratoid ammonitina from the early Middle Jurassic that begin as cadicones but become more planualte with age; derived from the Hammitoceratidae (Hildoceratoidea), probably through Erycites by way of Abbasites.
Stephanoceratidae is a family of planulate and coronate ammonites within the Stephanoceratoidea. Shells are evolute so that all whorls are exposed and have strong ribbing that bifurcates, that is splits in two, on the flanks. Many have tubercles at the point of bifurcation. Whorl sections are generally subequant; the outer rim, or venter, commonly rounded.
Pachyceratidae is a family of Perisphinctoidean ammonites from the upper Middle - and lower Upper Jurassic. Genera within the Pachyceratidae have shells that are in general moderately involte but with most of the inner whorls exposed; whorl sections subquadrate to subtrapezoidal, with rounded venter. Ribbing is strong, in some sharp. Primary ribs typically branch above mid flanks into twos, threes, and even fours.
Microderoceras is a flat sided, evolute, radially ribbed Lower Jurassic ammonite belonging to the ammonitid family Eoderoceratidae and superfamily Eoderoceratoidea. Its whorls are subquadrangular in section; venter on the outer rim, rounded; sides with two rows if distinct spines, tubercles on internal molds, formed at either end of the ribs. The lateral surface of the ribcage is concave toward both sides, the lateral side of the dorsal and the lateral side of the ventral surface. The ribs are divided into six pairs (1-3) of the following types: 2-3 is the only type. In the first type, the ribs on the ventral face are fused to the ribs on the ventral sides; the ribs on the dorsal face are fused to the ribs on the dorsal sides. The second type represents the ribbed body, the ribs are in the same arrangement as in the first type and the rib cage does not fuse to the dorsal surface.
Perisphinctidae is a family of Middle and Upper Jurassic discoidal ammonites in the order Ammonitida. They have a shell morphology that is mostly evolute, typically with biplicate, simple, or triplicate ribbing. Large forms have simple apertures and smooth body chambers while small forms have lappets and ribbed body chambers.
Hammatoceratoidea, formerly Hammatocerataceae was a superfamily of middle Jurassic ammonites erected by Schindewolf in 1964 that combined the families Graphoceratidae, Hammatoceratidae, and Sonniniidae. The three families were previously included in the Hildoceratoidea, however subsequent classifications have moved the families back into Hildoceratoidea.
Macrocephalitidae is an extinct family of marine invertebrate animals belonging to the superfamily Stephanoceratoidea, order ammonite.
Erycitidae is a family of Lower and Middle Jurassic ammonites included in the Hildoceratoidea. The hammatoceratid subfamily Erycitinae is equivalent. Genera include Erycites (type) and Abbasites.
Hammatoceratidae is a family of lower and middle Jurassic ammonites included in the superfamily Hildoceratoidea.
Hammatoceras is a genus of ammonites belonging to the family Hammatoceratidae which lived during the Late Toarcian stage of the Early/Lower Jurassic between about 184 and 175 million year ago.
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