Steven Milloy

Last updated

Steven J. Milloy is a lawyer, lobbyist, author and former Fox News commentator. Milloy is the founder and editor of the blog junkscience.com.

Contents

Milloy's career has been spent denying the results of science that government agencies rely on for protecting the public. [1] His close financial and organizational ties to tobacco and oil companies have been the subject of criticism, as Milloy has consistently disputed the scientific consensus on climate change and the health risks of second-hand smoke. [2] [3]

From the 1990s until the end of 2005, Milloy was an adjunct scholar at the libertarian Cato Institute, which hosted the JunkScience.com site. He was an adjunct scholar at the Competitive Enterprise Institute from 2005 to 2009. [4]

He operated The Advancement of Sound Science Center (TASSC) [5] established by Philip Morris Companies Inc. to counter legislation against second-hand smoke.

Since 2020 Milloy has served on the board of the Heartland Institute. [6] As of 2023 Milloy is a Senior Policy Fellow with the Energy & Environment Legal Institute. [7]

Education

Milloy holds a B.A. in Natural Sciences from Johns Hopkins University, a Master of Health Sciences in Biostatistics from the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, [8] a Juris Doctor from the University of Baltimore, and a Master of Laws from the Georgetown University Law Center. [9]

Career

The National Environmental Policy Institute (NEPI) was formed in early 1993 by Congressmen Don Ritter (R-PA) and Dennis Hertel (D-MI). [10]

Most of the initial funding for this 'greenwash' lobby group came from Occidental Petroleum and other oil companies. Milloy styled himself as the National Environmental Policy Institute's Director of Science Policy Studies. NEPI's publication, Science-Based Risk Assessment: A Key to the Superfund Puzzle, says: "Sound science and more accurate risk assessments can significantly reduce the costs of remediation, while reducing real health risks when they are found. ... Milloy of the NEPI suggests that the costs of cleanups would fall by 60 percent if the program focused more directly on risk when identifying the appropriate remedies." [11]

At the same time, Milloy was working through Philip Morris's specialist-science/PR company APCO & Associates, but was relegated to working behind the scenes as a contact for the newly formed TASSC, and on developing a new electronic-mail/computer business venture known as "Issues Watch" for APCO. APCO formally established TASSC on October 1, 1993. The budget for the first full year of operation was $365,411. [12]

By 1994, according to his website, Milloy was project leader of the Regulatory Impact Analysis Project, Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy. The Cato Institute, where he was listed as an adjunct scholar, published his work from 1995 to 2005. Milloy began his opposition to what he called "junk science" as president of the Environmental Policy Analysis Network in 1996.[ citation needed ]

Milloy's employment by the EOP Group Inc. (major lobbyists) dates back to before 1995, and it includes a record of lobbying on behalf of the Fort Howard Corporation, the International Food Additives Council, Monsanto Co. and Edison Electrics. The Competitive Enterprise Institute also proposed to Philip Morris that Milloy and his partners Michael Gough and Michael Fumento should be used to attack the FDA through reports to the House and Senate on risk Management reform. [13] [14]

In March 1997, Milloy moved from the backroom to become president of The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition (TASSC) [Established under Gov. Garrey Carruthers of New Mexico by Philip Morris], which later became The Advancement of Sound Science Center. [15]

He has links through Philip Morris and Fox News to Rupert Murdoch and News Corporation. He was a correspondent for Fox News between 2002 and 2009, and he became a policy director at Murray Energy and a member of Donald Trump's first presidential transition team. [16]

Junk science

Milloy is the founder and editor of the blog junkscience.com. [17] [18]

Milloy has used the term "junk science" in public debate, which he defines as "faulty scientific data and analysis used to advance special and, often, hidden agendas." David Michaels has argued the term is used, by Milloy and others, almost exclusively to "denigrate scientists and studies whose findings do not serve the corporate cause". [19]

In an editorial in Chemical & Engineering News , Editor-in-Chief Rudy Baum called Milloy's junkscience.com website "the best known" example of "a right wing effort in the U.S. to discredit widely accepted science, technology and medical information." [20] An editorial in the American Journal of Public Health noted that "... attacking the science underlying difficult public policy decisions with the label of 'junk' has become a common ploy for those opposed to regulation ... One need only peruse JunkScience.com to get a sense of the long list of public health issues for which research has been so labeled." [21]

Second-hand smoke

Milloy has opposed legitimate research linking second-hand tobacco smoke to cancer, falsely claiming that "the vast majority of studies reported no statistical association." [22] [23] [24]

In 1993, Milloy dismissed an Environmental Protection Agency report linking second-hand tobacco smoke to cancer as "a joke." Five years later Milloy claimed vindication after a federal court contradicted the E.P.A.'s conclusions. [25] However, the court's finding against the EPA was overturned on appeal. When the British Medical Journal published a meta-analysis confirming a link in 1997, Milloy misrepresenting [ citation needed ] the study wrote, "Of the 37 studies, only 7—less than 19 percent—reported statistically significant increases in lung cancer incidence... Meta-analysis of the secondhand smoke studies was a joke when EPA did it in 1993. And it remains a joke today." [26] [27] When another researcher published a study linking second-hand smoke to cancer, Milloy wrote that she "... must have pictures of journal editors in compromising positions with farm animals. How else can you explain her studies seeing the light of day?" [28] [29]

While at FoxNews.com, Milloy has continued to attack the scientific consensus [30] [24] [31] [32] [33] [34] that second-hand tobacco smoke causes cancer. [3] However, with the release of confidential tobacco industry documents as part of the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement, the objectivity of Milloy's stance on second-hand smoke has been questioned. Based on this documentation, journalists Paul D. Thacker and George Monbiot, as well as the Union of Concerned Scientists and others, have contended that Milloy is a paid advocate for the tobacco industry. [3]

Milloy's junkscience.com website was reviewed and revised by a public relations firm hired by the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. [35] [36] A 1994 Philip Morris memo listed TASSC among its "Tools to Affect Legislative Decisions". [37] According to its 1997 annual report, TASSC "sponsored" junkscience.com. [38]

The New Republic reported that Milloy, who is presented by Fox News as an independent journalist, was under contract to provide consulting services to Philip Morris through the end of 2005. [3] In 2000 and 2001, for example, Milloy received a total of $180,000 in payments from Philip Morris for consulting services. [39] A spokesperson for Fox News stated, "Fox News was unaware of Milloy's connection with Philip Morris. Any affiliation he had should have been disclosed." [3]

Climate change

Milloy claims that human activity has little impact on climate change, denying the scientific consensus on climate change, and that regulations to limit greenhouse gas emissions are unwarranted and harmful to business interests. He offered a prize of $500,000 to anyone who can "prove, in a scientific manner, that humans are causing harmful global warming", stating that "JunkScience.com, in its sole discretion, will determine the winner, if any." [40]

In 2004, when the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment was released by the Arctic Council and the International Arctic Science Committee, Milloy wrote that the report "pretty much debunks itself." [41] Milloy based his assertions that the variation was natural on his interpretation of just one graph from the overview of the large study. One of the lead authors of the study, oceanographer James J. McCarthy, commented that those taking Milloy's position would "have to refute what are hundreds of scientific papers that reconstruct various pieces of this climate puzzle." Milloy's assertion was repeated by lobbyists including the Competitive Enterprise Institute [2]

In 2005, it was reported that non-profit organizations operating out of Milloy's home, and in some cases employing no staff, have received large payments from ExxonMobil during his tenure with Fox News. [2] [3] [42] A Fox News spokesperson stated that Milloy is "... affiliated with several not-for-profit groups that possibly may receive funding from Exxon, but he certainly does not receive funding directly from Exxon." [2]

A Competitive Enterprise Institute press release says Milloy "coordinated" a climate change denial action at the 2007 Live Earth concert in New York, where activists campaigned among the attendees and a plane circled the event pulling a banner reading, "DON’T BELIEVE AL GORE — DEMAND DEBATE.COM." [43]

After NOAA published its 2022 update to annual average temperature data, [44] Milloy tweeted 8 years of data and claimed "CO2 warming is a hoax." [45] An Associated Press fact-checking article said the conclusion was false, saying "Social media users are misrepresenting a small portion of a graph from NOAA to support the erroneous claim that global temperatures are falling rather than rising, meaning global warming is not real." [46]

Abolition of position of U.S. Surgeon General

In 1998, Milloy, writing on behalf of TASSC, co-wrote an article which called for the abolition of the position of United States Surgeon General. "We have not had a surgeon general for three years. Has anyone noticed? Is anyone's health at risk?" [47] [48]

DDT

Critics have argued that Milloy holds Rachel Carson "responsible for more deaths than malaria has caused in total," [49]

In 2006, following a press release by the World Health Organization recommending more extensive use of indoor residual spraying with DDT and other pesticides, Milloy wrote, "It’s a relief that the WHO has finally come to its senses." [50] In 2007, the WHO clarified its position, saying it is "very much concerned with health consequences from use of DDT" and reaffirmed its commitment to phasing out the use of DDT. [51]

Asbestos and the World Trade Center

On September 14, 2001, three days after terrorist attacks destroyed the World Trade Center, Milloy wrote that the World Trade Center towers might have stood longer, preventing many casualties, had the use of asbestos fire-resistant lagging not been discontinued during the Towers' construction. [52]

Advocates for banning asbestos were highly critical of the article, [52] questioning his motives and disputing his conclusions. The International Ban Asbestos Secretariat charged him with "insensitivity that is hard to fathom." [53]

Food safety

Responding to criticism of the safety of the food product Quorn by the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), Milloy accused CSPI of having an undisclosed relationship with Quorn's main competitor, Gardenburger. Writing for FoxNews.com, Milloy said that "CSPI appears to have an unsavory relationship with Quorn competitor, Gardenburger" and called the CSPI's complaints "unscrupulous shrieking", noting comments in CSPI newsletters like "Remember the saturated fat and the E.coli bacteria that could be hiding inside [a hamburger]? You can keep the taste but forget the worries with Gardenburger." [54]

Rall controversy

In 1999, David Platt Rall, a prominent environmental scientist, died in a car accident. Steven Milloy, at the time a Cato adjunct scholar, commented: "Scratch one junk scientist....". Cato Institute President Edward Crane called Milloy's comments an "inexcusable lapse in judgment and civility," but Milloy refused to apologize. [55]

Registration as a lobbyist

The United States Senate Lobby Filing Disclosure Program lists Milloy as a registered lobbyist for the EOP Group for the years 1998–2000. [56] The guidebook Washington Representatives also listed him as a lobbyist for the EOP Group in 1996. [57]

Corporate activism

Milloy and former tobacco executive Tom Borelli ran a mutual fund called the Free Enterprise Action Fund (FEAF). The fund criticised companies that voluntarily adopt higher environmental standards. Through the platform of the FEAF, Milloy has criticized a number of other corporations for adopting environmental initiatives:

FEAF was criticized by investment analyst Chuck Jaffe as being "an advocacy group in search of assets." Jaffe concludes, "Strip away the rhetoric, and you're getting a very expensive, underperforming index fund, while Milloy and his partner Thomas Borelli get a platform for raising their pet issues." [61]

Similarly, Daniel Gross, in a Slate magazine article, wrote that FEAF "seems to be a lobbying enterprise masquerading as a mutual fund." He noted that Milloy and Tom Borelli, the former head of corporate scientific affairs for Philip Morris, lack any money management experience, also noting FEAF had badly underperformed the S&P 500 during its first 10 months of existence. Gross concluded that, "... in the short term, it looks like Borelli and Milloy are essentially paying the fund for the privilege of using it as a platform to broadcast their views on corporate governance, global warming, and a host of other issues." [62]

Books

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Waldman, Scott (June 12, 2018). "Steve Milloy doesn't like 'climate bedwetters'". E&E News . Archived from the original on 2023-01-22. Retrieved 2023-01-22.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Mooney, Chris (May 2005). "Some Like It Hot". Mother Jones . Retrieved 2013-01-22.{{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Thacker, Paul D. (January 27, 2006). "Smoked Out: Pundit For Hire". The New Republic. The New Republic. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 19, 2006. Retrieved July 23, 2010. Reprinted at freepress.net.
  4. ↑ "Steven J. Milloy". Competitive Enterprise Institute. Archived from the original on 2023-01-20. Retrieved 2023-01-20.
  5. ↑ Milloy, Steve (January 7, 1998). Annual Report - 1997 (Report). The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved July 7, 2007. Document accessed at Legacy Tobacco Documents Library Archived 2015-06-23 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ↑ "Steven Milloy: publisher, junkscience.com". heartland.org. Archived from the original on 2023-01-22. Retrieved 2023-01-22.
  7. ↑ "Fellows & Advisors". E&E Legal. Archived from the original on 2023-03-01. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
  8. ↑ Eldridge, Nate (12 September 2017). "Does Steven Milloy hold the degrees he claims?". Stack Exchange. Archived from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  9. ↑ Milloy's history and C.V., from his website junkscience.com Archived 2017-09-17 at the Wayback Machine , accessed 16 Sept 2017. Section "Education".
  10. ↑ Documents Archived 2023-07-24 at the Wayback Machine , legacy.library.ucsf.edu. Accessed September 7, 2022.
  11. ↑ Industry Documents Library, legacy.library.ucsf.edu. Accessed September 7, 2022.
  12. ↑ Industry Documents Library Archived 2010-12-04 at the Wayback Machine , legacy.library.ucsf.edu. Accessed September 7, 2022.
  13. ↑ Industry Documents Library Archived 2023-07-24 at the Wayback Machine , legacy.library.ucsf.edu. Accessed September 7, 2022.
  14. ↑ Industry Documents Library Archived 2023-07-24 at the Wayback Machine , legacy.library.ucsf.edu. Accessed September 7, 2022.
  15. ↑ "The junkman climbs to the top". Archived from the original on 2005-06-20. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
  16. ↑ Davenport, Coral (April 12, 2017). "Scott Pruitt Faces Anger from Right over E.P.A. Finding He Won't Fight". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  17. ↑ Rampton, Sheldon; Stauber, John (2000). "How Big Tobacco Helped Create "the Junkman"" (PDF). PR Watch. Vol. 7, no. 3. Center for Media and Democracy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-25.
  18. ↑ "Who is Steve Milloy?". junkscience.com. Archived from the original on 2023-01-22. Retrieved 2023-01-22.
  19. ↑ Michaels, David (2008). Doubt is Their Product: How Industry's Assault on Science Threatens Your Health. New York: Oxford University Press. p.  57. ISBN   978-0-19-530067-3.
  20. ↑ Baum, Rudy (June 9, 2008). "Defending Science". Chemical and Engineering News. 86 (37): 5. doi: 10.1021/cen-v086n023.p005 . Archived from the original on June 9, 2008. Retrieved June 11, 2008.
  21. ↑ Samet JM, Burke TA (2001). "Turning science into junk: the tobacco industry and passive smoking". American Journal of Public Health. 91 (11): 1742–4. doi:10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1742. PMC   1446866 . PMID   11684591.
  22. ↑ Ong EK, Glantz SA (2001). "Constructing "Sound Science" and "Good Epidemiology": Tobacco, Lawyers, and Public Relations Firms". Am J Public Health. 91 (11): 1749–57. doi:10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1749. PMC   1446868 . PMID   11684593.
  23. ↑ Secondhand Smokescreen, Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine By Steven Milloy, March 9, 2001
  24. 1 2 IARC 2004 "There is sufficient evidence that involuntary smoking (exposure to secondhand or 'environmental' tobacco smoke) causes lung cancer in humans" Archived 2018-06-07 at the Wayback Machine
  25. ↑ Schwartz, John (1998-07-19). "Judge Faults EPA Findings on Secondhand Smoke Impact". Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on 2023-04-15. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
  26. ↑ "Secondhand Joking, by Steven Milloy". Archived from the original on November 6, 2006.
  27. ↑ Tong, Elisa K.; Glantz, Stanton A. (16 October 2007). "Tobacco Industry Efforts Undermining Evidence Linking Secondhand Smoke With Cardiovascular Disease". Circulation. 116 (16): 1845–1854. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.715888 . PMID   17938301. S2CID   4021497.
  28. ↑ Milloy, Steven. "www.junkscience.com". Archived from the original on 2010-11-25.
  29. ↑ Stauber, John; Rampton, Sheldon (July 1999). "The Junkyard Dogs of Science". New Internationalist . Oxford, England: New Internationalist Publications.
  30. ↑ Kessler 2006
  31. ↑ "Environmental Tobacco Smoke" (PDF). 11th Report on Carcinogens. U.S. National Institutes of Health. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-07-16. Retrieved 2007-08-27.
  32. ↑ "Secondhand Smoke Fact Sheet". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017-02-21. Archived from the original on 2021-08-21. Retrieved 2021-07-30.
  33. ↑ "Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke". U.S. National Cancer Institute. Archived from the original on 2007-09-05. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
  34. ↑ "Secondhand Smoke". American Cancer Society. Archived from the original on 2007-09-14. Retrieved 2007-08-27.
  35. ↑ Activity Report, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., December 1996, describing input from R.J.R. Tobacco's P.R. firm into Milloy's junkscience website Archived 2015-01-13 at the Wayback Machine . From the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library Archived 2015-06-23 at the Wayback Machine at the University of California, San Francisco. Accessed October 5, 2006.
  36. ↑ Ong EK, Glantz SA (2000). "Tobacco industry efforts subverting International Agency for Research on Cancer's second-hand smoke study". Lancet. 355 (9211): 1253–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02098-5. PMID   10770318. S2CID   25145666.
  37. ↑ Philip Morris Corporate Affairs Budget Presentation, 1994 Archived 2007-07-04 at the Wayback Machine , from the Philip Morris Document Archive Archived 2020-11-12 at the Wayback Machine . Accessed October 5, 2006.
  38. ↑ Annual Report – 1997 Archived 2008-06-18 at the Wayback Machine , Steven Milloy, January 7th, 1998. Document accessed at Legacy Tobacco Documents Library Archived 2015-06-23 at the Wayback Machine on July 7, 2007.
  39. ↑ Philip Morris budget for "Strategy and Social Responsibility", detailing $180,000 in payments to Steven Milloy (pp. 13 & 66) Archived 2013-09-01 at the Wayback Machine . Accessed October 5, 2006.
  40. ↑ "Ultimate Global Warming Challenge". Archived from the original on 2021-04-21. Retrieved May 25, 2008. A Steven Milloy website.
  41. ↑ Milloy, Steven (November 12, 2004). "Polar Bear Scare on Thin Ice". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30.
  42. ↑ $40,000 to the Advancement of Sound Science Center and $50,000 to the Free Enterprise Action Institute. Both organizations were registered to Milloy's home address. source: Some Like It Hot Archived 2011-08-25 at the Wayback Machine , motherjones.com . May/June 2005
  43. ↑ "Bureaucrash and the "Demand Debate" Campaign Crash Live Earth New York" (Press release). Competitive Enterprise Institute. July 9, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09.
  44. ↑ "Annual 2022 Climate Report". National Centers for Environmental Information. Archived from the original on 2023-01-18. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  45. ↑ @JunkScience (January 13, 2023). "NOAA makes it official" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  46. ↑ Tulp, Sophia (January 19, 2023). "Temperature graph misrepresented to deny climate change". AP NEWS . Archived from the original on 2023-01-20. Retrieved 2023-01-20.
  47. ↑ An Empty Uniform, by Michael Gough and Steven Milloy Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine , The Wall Street Journal, 10 February 1998
  48. ↑ "NCPA Idea House: Who Needs A Surgeon General?". Archived from the original on December 3, 2006.
  49. ↑ Rachel Carson, Mass Murderer? The creation of an anti-environmental myth Archived 2007-10-01 at the Wayback Machine , Aaron Swartz, Extra!, September/October 2007.
  50. ↑ Day of Reckoning for DDT Foes?, by Steven Milloy, FoxNews.com Archived 2007-06-23 at the Wayback Machine , Thursday, September 21, 2006
  51. ↑ "Update for COP3 on WHO activities relevant to country implementation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants" (PDF). World Health Organization . April 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-08. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  52. 1 2 Article: Asbestos Could Have Saved WTC Lives, FoxNews.com. Published September 14, 2001.
  53. ↑ "Criticism of Milloy's comments by the International Ban Asbestos Secretariat". Archived from the original on 2012-06-30. Accessed 11 October 2006.[ dead link ]
  54. ↑ Steven Milloy (2002-08-30). "Quorn & CSPI: The Other Fake Meat". Fox News. Archived from the original on 2006-05-11. Retrieved 2006-05-20.
  55. ↑ Richard Morin and Claudia Deane, "The Ideas Industry" Archived 2018-11-02 at the Wayback Machine , Washington Post, October 12, 1999, p. A17
  56. ↑ United States Senate Lobby Filing Disclosure Program, listing Milloy as a lobbyist for the EOP Group from 1998–2000, accessed 28 June 2006. Archived January 23, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
  57. ↑ Washington Lobbyists, 1996, Columbia Books, Washington DC.
  58. ↑ Free Enterprise Action Fund press release, criticizing Microsoft for abandoning the use of PVC in its packing materials. Archived 2006-10-24 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 11 October 2006.
  59. ↑ Free Enterprise Action Fund press release chastising the Business Roundtable for insufficient vigilance in the defense of capitalism. Archived 2006-10-24 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 11 October 2006.
  60. ↑ Free Enterprise Action Fund press release criticizing General Electric's environmental policy Archived 2006-10-17 at the Wayback Machine , FreeEnterpriseActionFund.com. Accessed October 11, 2006.
  61. ↑ "Strange Bedfellows: Politics and Investment Fund", BostonHerald.com. January 24, 2006. Accessed October 11, 2006. Archived March 8, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  62. ↑ "Thank You for Investing: A very curious right-wing mutual fund" Archived 2006-11-27 at the Wayback Machine , Slate.com. May 4, 2006. Accessed October 11, 2006.

Milloy's websites

Tobacco document archives

Related Research Articles

Junk science is spurious or fraudulent scientific data, research, or analysis. The concept is often invoked in political and legal contexts where facts and scientific results have a great amount of weight in making a determination. It usually conveys a pejorative connotation that the research has been untowardly driven by political, ideological, financial, or otherwise unscientific motives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Altria</span> American tobacco corporation

Altria Group, Inc. is an American corporation and one of the world's largest producers and marketers of tobacco, cigarettes, and medical products in the treatment of illnesses caused by tobacco. It operates worldwide and is headquartered in Henrico County, Virginia, just outside the city of Richmond.

The Heidelberg Appeal, authored by Michel Salomon, was an appeal directed against the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The Heidelberg Appeal's goal was similar to the later published Leipzig Declaration. Before the publication, Fred Singer, who has initiated several petitions like the Heidelberg Appeal, and Michel Salomon, had organized a conference in Heidelberg, which led to that document. It was published on the last day of the 1992 Rio Summit, and warned against basing environmental policies on what the authors described as "pseudoscientific arguments or false and nonrelevant data." It was initiated by the tobacco and asbestos industries, to support the climate-denying Global Climate Coalition. According to SourceWatch the appeal was "a scam perpetrated by the asbestos and tobacco industries in support of the Global Climate Coalition". Both industries had no direct reason to deny global warming, but rather wanted to promote their "sound science" agenda, which basically states that industry-funded science is good science and science contradicting those science is bad science or "junk science".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smoking ban</span> Law prohibiting tobacco smoking in a given space

Smoking bans, or smoke-free laws, are public policies, including criminal laws and occupational safety and health regulations, that prohibit tobacco smoking in certain spaces. The spaces most commonly affected by smoking bans are indoor workplaces and buildings open to the public such as restaurants, bars, office buildings, schools, retail stores, hospitals, libraries, transport facilities, and government buildings, in addition to public transport vehicles such as aircraft, buses, watercraft, and trains. However, laws may also prohibit smoking in outdoor areas such as parks, beaches, pedestrian plazas, college and hospital campuses, and within a certain distance from the entrance to a building, and in some cases, private vehicles and multi-unit residences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fraser Institute</span> Canadian public policy think tank

The Fraser Institute is a libertarian-conservative Canadian public policy think tank and registered charity. It is headquartered in Vancouver, with additional offices in Calgary, Toronto, and Montreal. It has links to think tanks worldwide through the Economic Freedom Network and is a member of the free-market Atlas Network.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Passive smoking</span> Inhalation of tobacco smoke by persons other than the intended active smoker

Passive smoking is the inhalation of tobacco smoke, called passive smoke, secondhand smoke (SHS) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), by individuals other than the active smoker. It occurs when tobacco smoke diffuses into the surrounding atmosphere as an aerosol pollutant, which leads to its inhalation by nearby bystanders within the same environment. Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke causes many of the same health effects caused by active smoking, although at a lower prevalence due to the reduced concentration of smoke that enters the airway.

The American Council on Science and Health (ACSH) is a pro-industry advocacy organization founded in 1978 by Elizabeth Whelan with support from the Scaife Foundation and John M. Olin Foundation. ACSH's publications focus on industry advocacy related to food, nutrition, health, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, biology, biotechnology, infectious disease, and the environment. Its critics have accused it of being a front group for anti-science denialism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heartland Institute</span> Conservative and libertarian American think tank

The Heartland Institute is an American conservative and libertarian 501(c)(3) nonprofit public policy think tank known for denying the scientific consensus on climate change and the negative health impacts of smoking.

The Advancement of Sound Science Center (TASSC), formerly The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition, was an industry-funded lobby group and crisis management vehicle, and was created in 1993 by Phillip Morris and APCO in response to a 1992 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report which identified secondhand smoke as a "confirmed" human carcinogen. TASSC's stated objectives were to (1) discredit the EPA report; (2) fight anti-smoking legislation; and (3) pro-actively pass legislation favourable to the tobacco industry.

The Free Enterprise Action Fund was a mutual fund operated by Steven Milloy and Tom Borelli, with the goal of counterbalancing the activities of self-described ethical investment funds. Whereas "ethical investment" funds avoid investments in firms that are accused of damaging the environment or of other negatively regarded behaviors, the Free Enterprise Action Fund sought out such investments, based on Milloy's claim that such criticisms are typically based on political bias or junk science. The fund ceased operations in 2009 and was merged into the Congressional Effect Fund.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tom Griscom</span> American lobbyist

Thomas Cecil Griscom served as Director of White House Communications under President Ronald Reagan, was a top aide and adviser for a decade to U.S. Senator Howard Baker of Tennessee, and was the executive editor and publisher of the Chattanooga Times Free Press from October 1999 to June 30, 2010.

Gio Batta Gori is an epidemiologist and fellow with the Health Policy Center in Bethesda, Maryland which he established in 1997 and where he specializes in risk assessment and scientific research. He was deputy director of the United States' National Cancer Institute's Division of Cancer Cause and Prevention, where he directed the Smoking and Health Program and the Diet and Cancer Program.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">APCO Worldwide</span> Public relations firm based in Washington, D.C.

APCO Worldwide is an independent global public affairs and strategic communications consultancy. With 680 employees in 35 worldwide locations, it is also the fifth largest independently owned PR firm in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., APCO was founded in 1984 by Margery Kraus, who is now the firm's Executive Chairman.

The Weinberg Group is a Washington, DC–based food and drug regulatory consulting group. Founded in 1983, the firm assists pharmaceutical and biotech companies with the "development and implementation of successful and innovative regulatory strategies" and also helps these companies to "remediate, maintain and improve their regulatory compliance." The Weinberg Group sent a memo to DuPont in 2003 recommending that the company “reshape the debate by identifying the likely known health benefits of PFOA exposure.”

The Democracy Institute is a think tank based in Washington, DC, and London. It was founded in 2006. According to the University of Bath's Tobacco Tactics project the institute has taken part in pro-tobacco activities and has previously received funding from the tobacco industry.

<i>Indoor and Built Environment</i> Academic journal

Indoor and Built Environment is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering any topic pertaining to the quality of the indoor and built environment and how this affects the efficiency, performance, health, and comfort of those living or working there. Topics range from urban infrastructure, design of buildings, and materials used for laboratory studies including building airflow simulations and health effects. The editor-in-chief is Chuck Yu. It was established in 1992 by consultants to the tobacco company Philip Morris, and is published by SAGE Publications.

Geoffrey C. Kabat is an American epidemiologist, cancer researcher, and author. He has been on the faculty of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and State University of New York, Stony Brook. In 2003, he was co-author of a disputed BMJ study funded by the tobacco industry that found secondhand smoke did not affect mortality. Along with his scientific publications, Kabat has written four books and many articles for general audiences. As of 2019, he was a member of the board of directors of the Science Literacy Project and the board of scientific advisors of the American Council on Science and Health.

The Center for Indoor Air Research was a tobacco industry front group established by three American tobacco companies—Philip Morris, R.J. Reynolds, and Lorillard—in Linthicum, Maryland, in 1988. The organization funded research on indoor air pollution, some of which pertained to passive smoking and some of which did not. It also funded research pertaining to causes of lung cancer other than passive smoking, such as diet. The organization disbanded in 1998 as a result of the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement.

Good Epidemiological Practices or Good Epidemiology Practices (GEP) was a set of guidelines produced by the U.S. Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) in 1991 to improve epidemiologic research practices. It was then adopted by the tobacco industry around 1993 as part of its "sound science" program to counter criticisms of the industry on health and environmental issues such as secondhand smoke. It failed to make much impact on the US and European regulators, but may have had more influence in its later manifestations in Asia and particularly China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tobacco industry playbook</span> Propaganda techniques used by the tobacco industry

The tobacco industry playbook, tobacco strategy or simply disinformation playbook describes a strategy devised by the tobacco industry in the 1950s to protect revenues in the face of mounting evidence of links between tobacco smoke and serious illnesses, primarily cancer. Much of the playbook is known from industry documents made public by whistleblowers or as a result of the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement. These documents are now curated by the UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents project and are a primary source for much commentary on both the tobacco playbook and its similarities to the tactics used by other industries, notably the fossil fuel industry. It is possible that the playbook may even have originated with the oil industry.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.