In biochemistry, isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another. Isomerases facilitate intramolecular rearrangements in which bonds are broken and formed. The general form of such a reaction is as follows:
Xylose is a sugar first isolated from wood, and named for it. Xylose is classified as a monosaccharide of the aldopentose type, which means that it contains five carbon atoms and includes an aldehyde functional group. It is derived from hemicellulose, one of the main constituents of biomass. Like most sugars, it can adopt several structures depending on conditions. With its free aldehyde group, it is a reducing sugar.
Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid; it is an organic compound with the formula (CH3O)HOC6H3CH=CHCO2H. The name is derived from the genus Ferula, referring to the giant fennel (Ferula communis). Classified as a phenolic phytochemical, ferulic acid is an amber colored solid. Esters of ferulic acid are found in plant cell walls, covalently bonded to hemicellulose such as arabinoxylans. Salts and esters derived from ferulic acid are called ferulates.
Daidzein is a naturally occurring compound found exclusively in soybeans and other legumes and structurally belongs to a class of compounds known as isoflavones. Daidzein and other isoflavones are produced in plants through the phenylpropanoid pathway of secondary metabolism and are used as signal carriers, and defense responses to pathogenic attacks. In humans, recent research has shown the viability of using daidzein in medicine for menopausal relief, osteoporosis, blood cholesterol, and lowering the risk of some hormone-related cancers, and heart disease. Despite the known health benefits, the use of both puerarin and daidzein is limited by their poor bioavailability and low water solubility.
The enzyme feruloyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.73) catalyzes the reaction
In enzymology, a xylose isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of D-xylose and D-xylulose. This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases interconverting aldoses and ketoses. The isomerase has now been observed in nearly a hundred species of bacteria. Xylose-isomerases are also commonly called fructose-isomerases due to their ability to interconvert glucose and fructose. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-xylose aldose-ketose-isomerase. Other names in common use include D-xylose isomerase, D-xylose ketoisomerase, and D-xylose ketol-isomerase.
Streptomyces atratus is a bacterium species from the genus Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Shimoneda in Japan. Streptomyces atratus produces atramycin A, hydrazidomycins A, hydrazidomycins B, hydrazidomycins C, rufomycins A and rufomycins B.
Streptomyces badius is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Kaukasus in Russia. Streptomyces badius produces cutinase. Streptomyces badius can metabolize quinoxaline.
Streptomyces candidus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia. Streptomyces candidus produces lemonomycin, enterocin, pyrazofurin and avoparcin.
Streptomyces chromofuscus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil. Streptomyces chromofuscus produces phospholipase D, herboxidiene, pentalenolactone O and carazostatins.
Streptomyces collinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Baden in Germany. Streptomyces collinus produces ansatrienin A2, ansatrienin A3, ansatrienin B, naphthomycin A, collinomycine, toromycin, streptocollin, kirromycin and rubromycine.
Streptomyces diastaticus is an alkaliphilic and thermophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces diastaticus produces oligomycin A, oligomycin C, rimocidin and the leukotriene-A4 hydrolase-inhibitor 8(S)-amino-2(R)-methyl-7-oxononanoic acid. Streptomyces diastaticus also produces gougerotin and diastaphenazine and the antibiotic ruticin.
Streptomyces diastatochromogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces diastatochromogenes produces polyketomycin, concanamycin A, concanamycin B, concanamycin C, momofulvenone A, azdimycin, toyocamycin and oligomycins.
Streptomyces kurssanovii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia. Streptomyces kurssanovii produces chitinase, N-(Phenylacetyl)-2-butenediamide and fumaramidmycin.
Streptomyces microflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil. Streptomyces microflavus produces nemadectin, fattiviracin A1, milbemycin and deoxyuridines. Streptomyces microflavus also produces the ionophore valinomycin. Streptomyces microflavus is also known to cause potato common scab disease in Korea.
Streptomyces mobaraensis is a spore forming bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces mobaraensis produces bleomycin, detoxin, piericidin A, piericidin B, reticulol and transglutaminase. Streptomyces mobaraensis is used in the food industry to produce transglutaminase to texture meat and fish products.
Streptomyces murinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil. Streptomyces murinus produces the actinomycin X complex and glucose isomerase Streptomyces murinus can be used for its production of glucose isomerase in the food industry. Streptomyces murinus produces lankamycin and lankacidin.
Streptomyces rochei is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia. Streptomyces rochei produces borrelidin, butyrolactol A, butyrolactol B, uricase and streptothricin. Streptomyces rochei has antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and Aspergillus fumigatus. Streptomyces rochei produces moenomycin and bambermycin. Streptomyces rochei produces amicetin A, amicetin B, amicetin C and streptolin. Streptomyces rochei produces endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase mithramycin, amicetin, bamicetin, and plicacetin.
Streptomyces rubiginosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil. Streptomyces rubiginosus produces glucose isomerase. glucose isomerase from Streptomyces rubiginosus can be used to texture fish and meat products.
Streptomyces viridosporus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces viridosporus produces sistomycine and lignin peroxidase. Streptomyces viridosporus can degrade lignin and humic acids. Streptomyces viridosporus also produces moenomycin A, a component of bambermycin.
