String orchestra

Last updated
A string orchestra. Hereford String Orchestra Spring Concert 2010.jpg
A string orchestra.

A string orchestra is an orchestra consisting solely of a string section made up of the bowed strings used in Western Classical music. The instruments of such an orchestra are most often the following: the violin, which is divided into first and second violin players (each usually playing different parts), the viola, the cello, and usually, but not always, the double bass.

Contents

String orchestras can be of chamber orchestra size ranging from between 12 (4 first violins, 3 second violins, 2 violas, 2 cellos and 1 bass = 12) and 21 musicians (6 first violins, 5 second violins, 4 violas, 4 cellos and 2 double basses= 21) sometimes performing without a conductor. It could also consist of the entire string section of a large symphony orchestra which could have 60 musicians (16 first violins, 14 second violins, 12 violas, 10 cellos and 8 double basses = 60; Gurre-Lieder calls for 84: 20.20.16.16.12). [1]

Repertoire

The repertoire includes several works by Mozart (including Eine kleine Nachtmusik ), William Boyce (his eight symphonies are for strings only), and Haydn which dispense with the baroque basso continuo. Some of these works are problematic when it comes to deciding whether they are for orchestra or string quartet. Particularly in Haydn's early works it is argued that the inversions of harmony from the occasional crossings of the bass and viola line imply a double bass; the question is not settled, however.

Important 20th century works have been written for string orchestra by Bartók (Divertimento for String Orchestra), Stravinsky ( Apollo ), Witold Lutosławski ( Musique funèbre ), Benjamin Britten ( Simple Symphony and Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge ), Charles Wuorinen (Grand Bamboula), and Malcolm Williamson (Symphony No. 7). Sir Michael Tippett wrote a Concerto for Double String Orchestra and Ralph Vaughan Williams wrote a Partita for Double String Orchestra. Composers who have written a Serenade for string orchestra include Tchaikovsky, Dvořák, Suk and Elgar. Mendelssohn, in his youth, also wrote thirteen symphonies for string orchestra.

Works for string orchestra

Instrumentation

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ernst Toch</span> Austrian composer (1887–1964)

Ernst Toch was an Austrian composer of classical music and film scores. He sought throughout his life to introduce new approaches to music.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Fuchs</span> Austrian composer and music teacher

Robert Fuchs was an Austrian composer and music teacher. As Professor of music theory at the Vienna Conservatory, Fuchs taught many notable composers, while he was himself a highly regarded composer in his lifetime.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hilding Rosenberg</span> Swedish composer and conductor (1892–1985)

Hilding Constantin Rosenberg was a Swedish composer and conductor. He is commonly regarded as the first Swedish modernist composer, and one of the most influential figures in 20th-century classical music in Sweden.

Arnold Atkinson Cooke was a British composer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bernhard Romberg</span> German cellist and composer (1767–1841)

Bernhard Heinrich Romberg was a German cellist and composer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robin Holloway</span> English composer and academic (b1943)

Robin Greville Holloway is an English composer, academic and writer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hans Gál</span> Austrian composer, musicologist and pianist

Hans Gál OBE was an Austrian composer, pedagogue, musicologist, and author, who emigrated to the United Kingdom in 1938.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaroslav Řídký</span> Czech composer (1897–1956)

Jaroslav Řídký was a Czech composer, conductor, harpist, and music teacher.

Olli Mustonen is a Finnish pianist, conductor, and composer.

Zdeněk Lukáš was a prolific Czech composer who authored over 330 works. He graduated from a teachers' college and worked as a teacher from 1953 to 1963. He was a musical editor and program director at the National Broadcasting Company in Pilsen and conducted the Česká píseň, a choir in Pilsen.

Victor Legley was a Belgian violist and composer of classical music, of French birth. He first studied in Ypres with Lionel Blomme (1897–1984). In 1935 he matriculated at the Royal Conservatory in Brussels, and there won awards in the study of viola, fugue, counterpoint and chamber music.

Gary Kulesha is a Canadian composer, pianist, conductor, and educator. Since 1995, he has been Composer Advisor to the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. He has been Composer-in-Residence with the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony (1988–1992) and the Canadian Opera Company (1993–1995). He was awarded the National Arts Centre Orchestra Composer Award in 2002. He currently teaches on the music faculty at the University of Toronto.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trumpet repertoire</span> Set of available musical works for trumpet

The trumpet repertoire consists of solo literature and orchestral or, more commonly, band parts written for the trumpet. Tracings its origins to 1500 BC, the trumpet is a musical instrument with the highest register in the brass family.

In music, a duodecet—sometimes duodectet, or duodecimette—is a composition which requires twelve musicians for a performance, or a musical group that consists of twelve people. In jazz, such a group of twelve players is sometimes called a "twelvetet". The corresponding German word is Duodezett. The French equivalent form, douzetuor, is virtually unknown. Unlike some other musical ensembles such as the string quartet, there is no established or standard set of instruments in a duodecet.

References

  1. Josep Gustems Carnicer; Edmon Elgström Misol (2008). Guía práctica para la dirección de grupos vocales e instrumentales (in Spanish). Grao. pp. 32–34. ISBN   978-84-7827-643-1.