Strophocactus brasiliensis

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Strophocactus brasiliensis
Pseudoacanthocereus brasiliensis (Britton & Rose) F. Ritter f. boreominarum (Rizzini & A.Mattos) P.J.Braun & Esteves.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Genus: Strophocactus
Species:
S. brasiliensis
Binomial name
Strophocactus brasiliensis
(Britton & Rose) S.Arias & N.Korotkova [2]
Synonyms [3] [4]
  • Acanthocereus brasiliensisBritton & Rose
  • Pseudoacanthocereus boreominarumRizzini & A.Mattos
  • Pseudoacanthocereus brasiliensis(Britton & Rose) F.Ritter

Strophocactus brasiliensis, synonym Pseudoacanthocereus brasiliensis, is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae endemic to Brazil. It thrives in natural habitats such as subtropical or tropical dry forests and hot deserts, but is threatened by habitat loss. [1]

Contents

Description

Strophocactus brasiliensis grows as a shrub, later spreading to prostrate, shiny, bright green shoots, initially upright and later sprawling. It branches freely. The thin stems are up to 3 cm (1.2 in) across and have 2–7 ribs bearing small areoles with many needle-like spines 2 to 4 centimeters apart. The small areoles are From them arise numerous needle-like, white thorns that have a darker tip and are up to 3 centimeters long. The white funnel-shaped flowers are 12–23 cm (5–9 in) long and 11–12 cm (4–5 in) across. They open at night. The spherical fruits are initially green and yellow when ripe. [5]

Taxonomy

Strophocactus brasiliensis was first described, as Acanthocereus brasiliensis, by Britton and Rose in 1920. [2] It was transferred to the genus Pseudoacanthocereus as Pseudoacanthocereus brasiliensis by Friedrich Ritter in 1979, [6] a placement still accepted by some sources as of February 2021. [3] A molecular phylogenetic study of the Hylocereeae by Korotkova et al. published in 2017 showed that Pseudoacanthocereus brasiliensis formed a clade with Strophocactus wittii and Pseudoacanthocereus sicariguensis (the only other species placed in Pseudoacanthocereus): [4]

Neoraimondia herzogiana

Pseudoacanthocereus brasiliensis

Pseudoacanthocereus sicariguensis 

Strophocactus wittii

Strophocactus sensu Korotkova et al. (2017)

Accordingly, both species of Pseudoacanthocereus were transferred to Strophocactus . [4]

Distribution and habitat

Strophocactus brasiliensis is native to Northeast and Southeast Brazil in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais at altitudes of 40 to 700 meters. [3] It is found in the eastern caatinga ecoregion, [4] an area of thorn scrub and seasonally dry forests. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Acanthocereus</i> Genus of cacti

Acanthocereus is a genus of cacti. Its species take the form of shrubs with arching or climbing stems up to several meters in height. The generic name is derived from the Greek word άκανθα (acantha), meaning spine, and the Latin word cereus, meaning candle. The genus is native to the mostly tropical Americas from Texas and the southern tip of Florida to the northern part of South America, including islands of the Caribbean.

<i>Disocactus</i> Genus of cacti

Disocactus is a genus of epiphytic cacti in the tribe Hylocereeae found in Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America. It should not be confused with Discocactus, which is a different genus.

<i>Selenicereus</i> Genus of cacti

Selenicereus, sometimes known as moonlight cactus, is a genus of epiphytic, lithophytic, and terrestrial cacti, found in Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America. The term night-blooming cereus is also sometimes used, but this is also used for many night-blooming cacti, including Epiphyllum and Peniocereus. In 2017, the genus Hylocereus was brought into synonymy with Selenicereus. A number of species of Selenicereus produce fruit that is eaten. The fruit, known as pitaya or pitahaya in Spanish or as dragon fruit, may be collected from the wild or the plants may be cultivated.

<i>Pseudorhipsalis</i> Genus of cacti

Pseudorhipsalis is genus of cacti. This genus is often included in Disocactus. It is epiphytic, many branched, and elongated with flattened, serrated cladodes. In its early life, it stands erect, but soon becomes prostrate. It produces numerous flowers.

<i>Weberocereus</i> Genus of cacti

Weberocereus is genus of cacti. It produces a green and white flower and is found mainly in Costa Rica and Nicaragua.

<i>Deamia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Deamia is a genus of cacti. Its species are native from south Mexico through Central America to Nicaragua. Its species have been placed in Selenicereus and Strophocactus.

<i>Strophocactus</i> Genus of cacti

Strophocactus is a genus of cacti in the subfamily Cactoideae. Its status and circumscription remain somewhat uncertain, with the genus containing one to three species. Molecular phylogenetic data suggest that it consists of three species, including two formerly comprising the genus Pseudoacanthocereus. With this circumscription, the species have different growth habits, but share similarities in their flowers, which are white and open at night.

<i>Brasiliopuntia</i> Genus of plants

Brasiliopuntia is a genus in the cactus family, Cactaceae. It contains only one species, Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cactoideae</span> Subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae

The Cactoideae are the largest subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae, and are widely distributed throughout the Americas. Cactaceae is the 5th most endangered plant or animal family evaluated globally by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Around 80% of cactus species belong to this subfamily. The genera of the Cactoideae are characterized by microscopic foliage leaves. All photosynthesis occurs in shoot cortex cells covered by a persistent epidermis and stomata. Another important characteristic of this subfamily is ribbed stems, which enable the inner cortex to expand radially without breaking the shoot surface to absorb large quantities of water.

<i>Selenicereus costaricensis</i> Species of plant

Selenicereus costaricensis, synonym Hylocereus costaricensis, known as the Costa Rican pitahaya or Costa Rica nightblooming cactus, is a cactus species native to Central America and north-eastern South America. The species is grown commercially for its fruit, called pitaya or pitahaya, but is also an impressive ornamental vine with huge flowers. The species may not be distinct from Selenicereus monacanthus.

<i>Mirabella minensis</i> Species of cactus

Mirabella minensis, synonym Cereus mirabella, is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitat is dry savanna. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hylocereeae</span> Tribe of cacti

The Hylocereeae are a tribe of cacti. Most are found in the tropical forests of Central and northern South America, and are climbers or epiphytes, unlike most cacti. The tribe includes between six and eight genera in different circumscriptions. The plants known as "epiphyllum hybrids" or "epiphyllums", widely grown for their flowers, are hybrids of species within this tribe, particularly Disocactus, Pseudorhipsalis and Selenicereus, less often Epiphyllum, in spite of the common name.

<i>Denmoza</i> Species of cactus

Denmoza is a monotypic genus of cacti. Its only species, Denmoza rhodacantha, is native to northwest Argentina.

<i>Strophocactus wittii</i> Species of cactus

Strophocactus wittii, synonym Selenicereus wittii, known as the Amazon moonflower, is a species of plant in the genus Strophocactus in the cactus family (Cactaceae), and is one of several species commonly called "moonflowers". It was first described in 1900 and is one of three species of cactus found in the central Amazon basin.

Strophocactus sicariguensis, synonym Pseudoacanthocereus sicariguensis, is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae. It is native to Colombia and Venezuela. It has often sprawling thin stems and white funnel-shaped flowers that open at night.

<i>Kimnachia</i> Genus of cacti

Kimnachia is a monotypic genus of cacti. Its only species is Kimnachia ramulosa, synonym Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa, which is native from southern Mexico to northern South America and also found in Jamaica.

Deamia chontalensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Cactaceae, native to southwestern Mexico and Guatemala. It has sprawling or pendent branched stems and fragrant white flowers.

<i>Deamia testudo</i> Species of flowering plant

Deamia testudo is a species of flowering plant in the family Cactaceae, native from southern Mexico through Central America to Nicaragua. It was first described in 1838. It is a climber or clamberer, with long stems and large white flowers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Echinocereeae</span> Tribe of cacti

The Echinocereeae are a tribe of cacti in the subfamily Cactoideae. Since 2006, the tribe has included the former tribe Pachycereeae in many treatments of cactus classification. The exact circumscription of the tribe has been subject to considerable change, particularly since molecular phylogenetic approaches have been used in determining classifications, and remains uncertain. The tribe includes large treelike species, such as the saguaro, as well as shorter shrubby species. Most members of the tribe are found in desert regions, particularly in Mexico and the southwestern United States.

<i>Mirabella albicaulis</i> Species of flowering plant

Mirabella albicaulis, synonym Cereus albicaulis, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cactaceae, native to Northeast and Southeast Brazil. It was first described by Britton and Rose in 1920 as Acanthocereus albicaulis.

References

  1. 1 2 Taylor, N.P.; Machado, M.; Zappi, D.; Braun, P. (2017). "Pseudoacanthocereus brasiliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T40861A121555507. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T40861A121555507.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Strophocactus brasiliensis (Britton & Rose) S.Arias & N.Korotkova". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens . Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 "Pseudoacanthocereus brasiliensis (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Korotkova, Nadja; Borsch, Thomas & Arias, Salvador (2017), "A phylogenetic framework for the Hylocereeae (Cactaceae) and implications for the circumscription of the genera", Phytotaxa, 327 (1): 1–46, doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.1
  5. Anderson, Edward F. (2001), "Pseudoacanthocereus", The Cactus Family, Pentland, Oregon: Timber Press, pp. 591–592, ISBN   978-0-88192-498-5
  6. "Pseudoacanthocereus brasiliensis (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens . Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  7. Leal, Inara R.; Silva, José Maria Cardoso Da; Tabarelli, Marcelo; Lacher, Thomas E. (2005). "Changing the Course of Biodiversity Conservation in the Caatinga of Northeastern Brazil". Conservation Biology. 19 (3): 701–706. Bibcode:2005ConBi..19..701L. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00703.x.