This article lists the structure of the Royal Danish Army in 1989 and in May 2020:
The army headquarters was located in Karup and tasked to train, maintain and prepare the army for war. However operational control in peacetime rested with the Western and the Eastern Regional Command. In wartime the former would have transferred its units to LANDJUT, while the latter would have become the LANDZEALAND command.
The Western Regional Command was based in Aarhus and commanded by a major general. In case of war it would have transferred command of all its units to NATO's Commander, Allied Land Forces Schleswig-Holstein and Jutland (LANDJUT). The command was responsible for the South Jutland, Ribe, Vejle, Ringkjøbing, Viborg, North Jutland and Aarhus counties, which together form the Danish part of the Jutland peninsula, and also for the island of Funen, which with the surrounding islands formed the Funen County.
The Eastern Regional Command was based in Ringsted and commanded by a major general, who in case of war would have become Commander, Allied Land Forces Zealand (LANDZEALAND). The command was responsible for the Copenhagen and Frederiksberg municipalities, and the Copenhagen, Frederiksborg, Roskilde, West Zealand and Storstrøm counties.
Territorial Command Zealand(ELK)
In wartime the island of Bornholm was, due to the long distance from Zealand, an independent command. Furthermore, agreements signed after World War II forbade the stationing on Bornholm or reinforcing of Bornholm, by foreign troops. Therefore, the island was only guarded by one Battle Group with a single active light infantry battalion. However, during the transition to war this Battle Group would have been augmented and reinforced by local reservists.
The Army Command (Danish : Hærkommandoen) is one of seven staffs of the Danish military's Joint Defense Command in Karup and headed by the Chief of the Army. The command controls all units of the Royal Danish Army and consists of about 110 persons, 40 of which are part of the Army Command's Army Support Unit. [2]
The NATO-assigned Multinational Division North is a joint Danish, Estonian and Latvian higher headquarters based in Ādaži near Latvia's capital Riga. In case of a crisis in the Baltic Region the division would take command of NATO reinforcements deployed to the region. [4]
The 1st Brigade (Danish : 1. Brigade - 1 BDE) is based in Holstebro and is the army's reaction force. Assigned to NATO's Response Force the brigade is able to deploy on short notice for international peace-making and peace-keeping operations.
The 2nd Brigade (Danish : 2. Brigade - 2 BDE) is based in Slagelse and consists of five battalions. The brigade is responsible for the training and tactical development of the army's reconnaissance, tank and light infantry formations, and the training of the army's reserve personnel. [16]
The Danish Artillery Regiment (Danish : Danske Artilleriregiment - DAR) provides the army with artillery units and manages the ammunition development. The regiment is also developing new air-defense capabilities for the army. [22]
The Engineer Regiment (Danish : Ingeniørregimentet - IGR) trains troops and provides units in the combat engineers, ordnance disposal, construction, geospatial and CBRN Defense specialities. [26] [6]
The Command Support Regiment (Danish : Føringsstøtteregimentet - FSR) provides headquarters and communication information system (CIS) capabilities to the Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Air Force, Royal Danish Navy, Joint Arctic Command, Special Operations Command and NATO. [26] [6]
The Intelligence Regiment (Danish : Efterretningsregimentet - EFR) based in Varde provides the army with military intelligence, and tactical and strategic reconnaissance capabilities.
The Logistic Regiment (Danish : Trænregiment) based in Aalborg is the military logistics regiment of the Royal Danish Army, providing supply, transport, and medical services. [29]
The Royal Life Guards (Danish : Den Kongelige Livgarde - LG) is a regiment based in Høvelte and consists of two battalions and one company. The regiment's I Battalion is operationally assigned to the 1st Brigade, while the II Battalion is a training unit. The regiment's Guard Company is based at the Rosenborg Barracks on Gothersgade street in central Copenhagen and guards the Danish royal family's residences. [8] [30]
The Guard Hussar Regiment (Danish : Gardehusarregimentet - GHR) is based in Slagelse and consists of three battalions, I and II Battalions which are operationally assigned to the 1st Brigade, and V Battalion, which is assigned to the 2nd Brigade. The regiment's III Battalion is the army's only reconnaissance unit. The regiment's Mounted Squadron provides mounted escorts for the Danish royal family and for Royal Danish Army ceremonies. [9]
The Jutland Dragoon Regiment (Danish : Jydske Dragonregiment - JDR) is based in Holstebro and consists of three battalions, which are operationally assigned to 1st Brigade respectively 2nd Brigade. The regiment's I Armoured Battalion is the army's only unit equipped with main battle tanks. [33]
The Schleswig Regiment of Foot (Danish : Slesvigske Fodregiment - SLFR) was reactivated on 1 January 2019 to manage the military base in Haderslev, home of the regiment's XIII Battalion, which is operationally assigned to the 2nd Brigade. [21]
The Royal Life Guards is a mechanized infantry regiment of the Danish Army, founded in 1658 by King Frederik III. The primary task is to provide a number of soldiers from the Guard Company to serve as a guard/ceremonial unit to the Danish monarchy, while training the Royal Guards for various functions in the mobilisation force. Until its disbandment, the Royal Horse Guards, served the role as the mounted guard/ceremonial unit, afterwards the role was taken over by Guard Hussar Regiment Mounted Squadron. During the time period 1684–1867, the Royal Life Guards were called The Royal Foot Guard, in order to distinguish between the regiment and the Royal Horse Guards.
The Guard Hussar Regiment is a cavalry unit of the Royal Danish Army, whose primary task is to train the Guard Hussars for various functions in the mobilisation force. The Guard Hussar Regiment is one of two active cavalry regiments of the Danish Army, and was formed in 2001 through the amalgamation of the original Guard Hussars regiment, Zealand Life Regiment and Danish Life Regiment.
The Danish Home Guard (HJV) is the fourth service of the Danish Armed Forces. It was formerly concerned only with the defence of Danish territory, but since 2008, it has also supported the Danish military efforts in Afghanistan and Kosovo. The Danish Home Guard has also provided training to Ukrainian soldiers in Ukraine, prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Service is voluntary and unpaid, though members' loss of income from time taken off work, transport expenses and other basic expenses are compensated. However, workshop and depot staff plus clerks and senior officers are all paid. The unarmed Women's Army Corps (Lottekorpset) was merged in 1989 with the then all-male Home Guard to form the present, armed unisex Home Guard.
The Jutland Dragoon Regiment is the only regiment of the Royal Danish Army that has an armored (MBT) battalion, and is one of the Danish combat regiments in which soldiers are entitled to wear the black beret of the Armoured corps.
The Danish Division, short DDIV, is the only remaining military land division in Denmark. It was created on 1 January 1997 as the successor of Jutland Division. It is one of the now-three Divisions of Multinational Corps North East, the German-Danish-Polish Corps, the successor to the former German-Danish Allied Land Forces Schleswig-Holstein and Jutland (LANDJUT), a NATO Allied Forces Northern Europe formation.
Canadian Forces Europe was the Canadian Forces military formation in Europe during the Cold War. The CF assisted other NATO allies in watching the military activities of Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union.
On March 1, 1984 the Italian Institute for Disarmament, Development and Peace (Istituto di ricerche per il disarmo, lo sviluppo e la pace in Rome published the entire Italian Army order of battle down to company level – this was justified by the radical party as one of its core demands was total disarmament of Europe, even though the data which was published was top secret. The Radical Party dissolved in 1989 and the IRDISP followed suit in 1990. But Radio Radicale has survived, and the OrBat can still be found today on the homepage of the radio.
The Cavalry Brigade "Pozzuolo del Friuli" is a brigade of the Italian Army, based in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto regions. The Brigade consists of a command unit, a cavalry regiment, an amphibious infantry regiment, an artillery regiment, an engineer regiment and a logistic regiment.
The Airmobile Brigade "Friuli" is an airmobile brigade of the Italian Army, based mainly in the Emilia-Romagna region. The brigade was part of the 1st Defence Forces Command until it was transferred to the Division "Friuli". The brigade's coat of arms depicts a stylized version of the Rocca di Monfalcone castle near the city of Monfalcone in the Friuli region, where the brigade distinguished itself during World War I. Since 1 July 2019 the brigade is part of the Division "Vittorio Veneto".
Allied Forces Baltic Approaches (BALTAP) was a Principal Subordinate Command (PSC) of the NATO Military Command Structure, with responsibility for the Baltic Sea area. It was in existence from 1962 to 2002 and consisted of the Danish Armed Forces, units of the West German Bundeswehr and allied wartime reinforcements.
The Jutland Division was a mechanized infantry formation of the Danish Army during the Cold War. It was formed during 1951-1952 as 3rd Division from assets of the III Military Region and the division headquarters was initially located in Aabenraa. As initially formed, the division had only one active brigade and two reserve brigades. The division changed its name to "Jutland Division" in 1961. In 1975, the division headquarters was moved to Fredericia and the 2nd and 3rd Brigades received full equipment sets. By 1979, each brigade was made up of two mechanized infantry battalion, a tank battalion, a self-propelled artillery battalion, and an armored reconnaissance squadron (company). In 1981 the three armored reconnaissance squadron was merged into V/JDR Reconnaissance Battalion.
The Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) was a NATO military formation comprising five Army Corps from five NATO member nations. During the Cold War NORTHAG was NATO's forward defence in the Northern half of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). The Southern half of the Federal Republic of Germany was to be defended by the four Army Corps of NATO's Central Army Group (CENTAG). During wartime NORTHAG would command four frontline corps and one reserve corps. Air support was provided by Second Allied Tactical Air Force.
After World War II the Italian Army had two units named "Centauro": from 1952 to 1986 the Armored Division "Centauro" and from 1986 to 2002 the Armored Brigade "Centauro". Both units were successor to the World War II era 131st Armored Division "Centauro". The units' name came from the mythological race of half human-half horse creatures named Centaurs.
The Mechanized Brigade "Mantova" was a mechanized brigade of the Italian Army. Its core units were mechanized infantry battalions. The brigade's headquarters was in the city of Cividale del Friuli and all the brigade's units were based in the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. In 2003, the "Mantova" was raised again as a division command.
The Mechanized Brigade "Legnano" was a mechanized brigade of the Italian Army. Its core units were mechanized infantry battalions. The brigade's headquarters was in the city of Bergamo in Lombardy. The name of the brigade commemorates the Lombard League victory in the Battle of Legnano in 1176 and its coat of arms depicts the Monument to the Warrior of Legnano in the centre of Legnano.
The full structure of the Polish Land Forces is:
The following is a hierarchical outline for the Italian Army at the end of the Cold War. It is intended to convey the connections and relationships between units and formations.
The Division Daguet was a French Army division formed in September 1990 in Saudi Arabia as part of France's contribution to Operation Desert Shield. The French military contribution to the allied cause to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation was named Opération Daguet and its ground part was subsequently named Division Daguet. In French "Daguet" is a young brocket deer.
The following is a hierarchical outline for the Danish armed forces at the end of the Cold War. It is intended to convey the connections and relationships between units and formations. In wartime all Danish military units would have come under the joint West German/Danish NATO command Allied Forces Baltic Approaches (BALTAP). BALTAP was a principal subordinate command under the Allied Forces Northern Europe Command (AFNORTH). The commander-in-chief of (BALTAP) was always a Danish Lieutenant General or Vice Admiral, who had the designation Commander Allied Forces Baltic Approaches (COMBALTAP). In peacetime BALTAP had only a few communication units allocated and all other units remained under national command of West Germany's Bundeswehr and Denmark's Forsvaret.
With the 1975 reforms the Italian Army abolished the regimental level and replaced it with brigades made up of multiple arms. During the reform the army disbanded 48 regimental commands and reduced its force by 87 battalions. A further ten regimental commands were used to raise ten new brigade commands. Ten training centers, which for traditional reasons had carried the names of regiments, were also disbanded. The reduction in units also allowed to mechanize most of the remaining units in Northern Italy and Italy's defense strategy changed from a hold-at-all-costs territorial defense to one of mobile warfare.