Mowag Piranha V

Last updated

Piranha V
Mowag Piranha V Danish.jpg
Danish Mowag Piranha 5
Type Wheeled armoured fighting vehicle
Place of origin Switzerland
Service history
In service2015 – present [1] [ unreliable source? ]
Used bySee Operators
Production history
Designer General Dynamics European Land Systems
Designed2004 - 2008 (for the FRES programme) [2]
Manufacturer
Developed from Mowag Piranha IV
Developed into
VariantsBy GDELS Mowag: [6]

Piranha 6×6

  • RECCE

Piranha 8×8

  • Mortar Carrier
  • IFV
  • APC
  • Stratcom
  • Sappeur
  • Ambulance
  • C2
  • CIS/GEO
  • SHORAD

Piranha 10×10

  • AAC
  • HMC
  • Recovery
  • Bridge Layer
Specifications
Mass30 t (66,000 lb)
Length8 m (26 ft)
Width2.99 m (9.8 ft)
Height2.34 m (7.7 ft)
Crew2 on non turret variants

3 on IFV/RWS variants

+ Passengers (Seats variant dependent)
Armor 14.5 mm AP resistant. Maximum Add-on (25 mm AP resistant)
Main
armament
Secondary
armament
Engine MTU 6V199 TE21 or Scania DC13
437  kW (586 hp), or 480  kW (640 hp)
Power/weight14.56 kW/t (19.53 hp/t), or 16 kW/t (21 hp/t)
Drive 6×6, 8×8 and 10×10
TransmissionZF 7HP902S or SAPA SW624
Suspension Hydropneumatic 6x6, 8×8 and 10x10 wheeled
Fuel capacity450  L (120 US gal)
Operational
range
550  km (340 mi) [7]
Maximum speed100  km/h (62 mph) [7]

The Piranha V multi-role armoured fighting vehicle is the fifth generation variant of the Mowag Piranha family of vehicles. It was designed by General Dynamics European Land Systems - Mowag GmbH. [7] The first prototype was completed in 2008. [8] It was first introduced during the Eurosatory exhibition in 2010. [9]

Contents

Development

The Piranha V was developed by General Dynamics UK and General Dynamics European Land Systems - Mowag GmbH. It was designed to meet the British Army requirements of the Future Rapid Effect System (FRES) program. [8] In 2007, it was announced that three vehicles were participating in the program: the Boxer, the VBCI, and the Piranha V. [10]

In 2008, the Piranha V was announced as the provisional selection in the FRES program. [11] However, no production order was announced, and the contract was subsequently cancelled in December 2008. [12] [13] By the end of 2008, the first prototype was finished. [8] The vehicle was presented by GDELS at the Eurosatory exhibition in 2010, together with a new variant of the ASCOD IFV. [9] In 2016, it was successfully loaded into an Airbus A400M cargo aircraft during an evaluation exercise in Seville. [14]

A live firing test was conducted at Camp Rena in Norway, in 2019, with the presence of the Romanian procurement authority. The Piranha V, fitted with the Israeli UT30 MK 2 passed the series of static and dynamic shooting tests in harsh environmental conditions, exceeding the customer's requirements, as noted by GDELS. [15]

In 2024 GD General Dynamics European Land Systems unvailed the 10x10 Piranha V HMC [16] that can be equipped in either a bridging, howitzers, troop transport or howitzer configuration [17]

Design

Mobility

The Piranha V is available with a MTU 6V199 TE21 diesel engine producing 586 horsepower (437 kW). [18] Both Denmark [19] and Spain, [20] however, have opted for a different powerpack built by the Spanish company SAPA, consisting of a Scania Diesel engine with 480 kW coupled with the SW 624 automatic transmission, and an auxiliary power unit with 75 kW. [21]

Protection

Standard armour (STANAG 4569, Level 4/4b) offers all-round 14.5mm AP protection and 20mm-23mm AP on front. Can offer full protection for the crew if a 10 kg explosive AT mine explodes under the hull. Add-ons can offer all-round protection to 25mm AP rounds and level 5 STANAG 4569. [1]

Modularity

The Piranha V is developed as a modular payload with the 6x6, 8x8 and 10x10 featuring a 7.5, 14.5 and 18 ton payload capacity [22]

Operational history

Denmark

Piranha 8×8 APC

At the end of 2015, Denmark announced the order of 308 vehicles. The first Piranhas were to arrive in 2018, with the last arriving in 2023. [23] The Piranha V was selected as the replacement of the old M113. It was selected over the CV90 Armadillo, the ASCOD, and the VBCI. [24]

The Danish Piranha V contract includes six different variants: infantry, command, pioneer, ambulance, repair and mortar. The first pre-production variant vehicles arrived in 2017, with the first production variants being officially handed over to the Armed Forces in March 2019. [25] [26]

Piranha V 8×8 CARDOM

In 2017 the Danish Defence Acquisition and Logistics Organization(DALO) signed a deal to have Elbit System subsidiary ELSAIT install their A3MS 120mm mortar system in 15 Piranha Vs [27]

Piranha V 8×8 Ambulance

In 2020, the ambulance version was received. The vehicles were assigned to the 1st Brigade where they replaced the Piranha III and Mowag DURO 6x6. [28]

Piranha V 8×8 CIS/GEO

In 2020 the Danish Finansudvalg cleared the Danish MoD to use 128 millon DKK(20 million USD) on having GDELS and MILDEF AB convert 110 Piranha V APCs into Communication and Information Systems (CIS) and Geospatial (GEO) command platform [29]

Piranha V 8×8 SHORAD

In 2023, the Danish Ministry of Defence announced that it selected the Skyranger 30 as part of its planned ground air defense system. The Skyranger system is to be mounted on the Piranha V platform. The integration will be performed by the Danish company Terma A/S. [30]

Danish Deplyments of Piranha V Civil and Abroad

All Piranha V have been and continue to be deployed by the Danish military as part of the contingents to Estonia and Latvia as part of NATO EFP. [31]

Piranha V Ambulance in danish service Piranha V Sanitet.png
Piranha V Ambulance in danish service

The Piranha V has also seen service as part of civilian readiness where theyve served as ambulances during harsh winters where normal ambulances would not be able to navigate [32] [33]

Danish critisism of the Piranha V Platform

The Piranha V has received harsh criticism by its users within the Danish armed forces due to issues including possible radio interference discharging the machine gun, problems with the vehicle brakes and a lack of both spare parts and mechanics who can repair the faults that occur on an ongoing basis. [34] In 2024, it was reported that the Piranha V armored personnel carriers are planned to be retired from infantry use in favor of other infantry fighting vehicles, with the Piranhas relegated to command and control, engineering, artillery and expeditionary deployment use. [35]

Germany

Piranha V 8×8 StratCom

As part of the programme "TaWAN LBO (Taktische Wide Area Network Landbasierte Operationen) Richtfunkmanagement, klein", the German Army selected the Piranha V StratCom (Strategic Communication Systems), an armoured vehicle that was presented by GDELS at Eurosatory 2024. It is equipped with a 15-meter communication mast system with point-to-point radio systems, and a C4I command system. [36]

The "Richtfunkpanzer" was selected by the Germany in January 2025, and ordered in February 2025. [37]

Piranha V 6×6 - Jamming vehicle

The German Army plans to replace the Hummel vehicle, a jammer based on the TPz Fuchs with a Piranha 6×6 called the "Maus Störpanzer" (Mobiles Aufklärungsunterstützungssystem). [38]

The purchase of 90 vehicles was blocked by the budget committee in January 2026. The experience in Ukraine showed that the protection level and the range of the system was not sufficient for the needs. The initial plan was to procure 40 operational systems and two prototypes for an initial sum of €596 million. A new tendering process will be initiated, and will include Hensoldt and Plath in the list of competitors. [39]

Romania

Romanian Piranha V with the Elbit UT30 MK 2 turret 1 Decembrie 2022 - Cluj-Napoca (52539297149) cropped.jpg
Romanian Piranha V with the Elbit UT30 MK 2 turret

In 2017, Romania signed a 900 million euro contract with General Dynamics European Land Systems (GDELS) for the purchase and production of 227 Piranha V armored personnel carriers in Romania. [40] The joint venture between GDELS and Uzina Mecanică București  [ ro ] (UMB) also aims to provide the Piranha V to the export market in the area. Besides production, a military vehicle maintenance section will also operate at UMB. [41]

The first batch of 36 vehicles, was produced at GDELS-Mowag's facilities in Kreuzlingen, Switzerland, 10 of which were assembled in Bucharest. The first batch included 30 vehicles in Infantry Fighting Vehicle configuration equipped with 30 mm cannons, and 6 in mobile command point configuration, and was assigned to the 26th Infantry Battalion "Neagoe Basarab", also known as the Red Scorpions, in October 2020. [42] [43] A second batch of 32 vehicles assembled at UMB, was received in November 2022. Another 26 Piranhas were received in different configurations, including mortar carriers, equipped with Spear MK2 120 mm mortars, ambulances, CBRN, and recovery vehicles. [44] The rest of the vehicles will be entirely produced in Romania. [41] On 10 February 2023, it was announced that Romania will purchase another 150 Piranha V for an estimated cost of 674 million US dollars. [45] In June 2025, it was reported that 80% of the local production was completed and that UMB will produce another 150 vehicles. [46] A total of 122 vehicles were delivered to the Romanian Army in 2025. [47]

In May 2023, 25 Piranhas of the 26th Infantry Battalion participated in the Anakonda 23 exercise. [48] [49] The Romanian soldiers carried out a 1,000 kilometer march to the Polish training grounds in Nowa Dęba where they trained together with troops from Slovenia, Poland, and the United States. [48] [50]

Derivatives of the Piranha V

Piranha V 8×8 - VCR Program

Under the Vehículo de Combate sobre Ruedas (VCR) program, the Spanish Ministry of Defence selected a local team in 2015 to develop the future 8×8 armored infantry vehicle which is to replace the old BMR, VEC, and M113 vehicles in the Spanish Army endowment. The team, formed by Indra Sistemas, Sapa Placencia, and the joint venture General Dynamics European Land Systems-Santa Bárbara Sistemas based the vehicle on the Piranha V design. [51]

VCR Dragon IFV Dragon VCR - IFV.png
VCR Dragon IFV

In 2018, the first 5 demonstrators were received. [20] The contract for the armored vehicle, known as the Dragón  [ es ] by the Spanish Army, was awarded in 2020 for 1.74 billion euros, 733 million of which was awarded to GDLS-SBS. It included 348 vehicles, maintenance and life cycle support, as well as the support for international commercialization. The contract is expected to grow to 1,000 vehicles. [52] The Dragón began trials in 2022, after passing the critical design review. Of the 348, 219 are to be in IFV configuration, 58 reconnaissance vehicles, 49 sappers combat vehicles, and 14 command post vehicles. The deliveries are scheduled to finish by 2027. [53]

The first batch of vehicles was delivered on 20 December 2022. The 7 vehicles were received during a ceremony attended by the Secretary of State for Defence, and the Army Chief of Staff. The vehicles are being produced by TESS Defence, an association between Santa Bárbara Sistemas, Indra Sistemas, Escribano Mechanical & Engineering, and Sapa Placencia. [54]

Piranha V 6×6 - Luchs 2 SpähFz NG

As part of the programme SpähFz NG" (Spähfahrzeug Next Generation), the German Army launched a bidding process to find a successor to the Fennek. The competitors were the Rheinmetall TPz Fuchs Evolution and the Patria 6×6 (offered by KNDS Deutschland). [55]

In October 2024, the Piranha was selected by the German Army, and the contract was expected to be signed in early 2025. [56]

The initial plan was for the purchase of 2 prototypes, with a firm contract for 90 vehicles, and an option of 160 vehicles. [55] As of October 2025, the quantity was changed to an order of 356 "Luchs 2 SpähFz NG" vehicles (274 firm and an option for 82 vehicles), and the budget of €3.5 billion was approved by the budget committee of the parliament. [57] [58]

The design of the vehicle is the following:

Operators

Summary

Operators

(as of February 2026)

Base variantQuantity orderedPiranha V

Detailed order

(unknown quantity)

DeliveriesRetiredLossesIn service
APC IFV RECCE C2 MEDEVAC Mortar Artillery Obs. SPAAG CBRN ARV Sapper / AEV Comm.
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Piranha V 8×8309131001103715016000030900309
Flag of Germany.svg Germany Piranha V 6×6274002740000000000000
Piranha V 8×8580000000000058
Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Piranha V 8×822000000000002

[ citation needed ]

002
Flag of Romania.svg Romania Piranha V 8×82270(???)0(???)(???)(???)00(???)(???)00216

[61]

00216
Flag of Spain.svg Spain Dragón VCR  [ es ]3480219581400800049040

[62]

0040
Total1,218133219

(+???)

332124

(+???)

37

(+???)

15

(+???)

8160

(+???)

0

(+???)

495856700567
1,218
  Variant ordered, but the quantity in the variant is unknown

Current operators

Map with Piranha 5 operators in blue Pirahna 5 operators.png
Map with Piranha 5 operators in blue
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark (309)
The Piranha V was selected over the CV90 Armadillo the PMMC G5 and the VBCI in 2015. The contract for the order of 309 Piranha V in 6 variants was signed in December 2015 for USD $600 million. [63]
The first Piranha V was delivered to DALO in 2018, and it entered service at the end of March 2019. [64]
The variants used are:
  • 131 troop transport, engineering, and mechanic roles
  • 110 command and control vehicles (CIS/GEO, internals delivered by MILDEF AB) [29]
  • 37 armoured ambulances [65]
  • 15 mortar carriers, equipped with the Cardom 120mm mortar system, and the A3MS fire control system delivered by ELSAIT [66] [67] The variants in order include:
  • 16 SHORAD vehicles, equipped with the Skyranger 30 turrets, and the Mistral 3 missiles, to be delivered in 2026 / 2027. [68] [69]
Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco (2)
Piranha V vehicles are used by the Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince.[ citation needed ]
Flag of Romania.svg Romania (227)
In January 2018, Romania signed a framework agreement with GDELS for the purchase of 227 Piranha V. The value of the agreement reached €868 million. Six variants are planned in the contract, and an important part would be manufactured locally. [70]
  • Infantry Fighting vehicles, equipped with Elbit UT30 Mk2 unmanned turrets [71]
  • Command and control vehicles, equipped with Elbit UT30 Mk2 unmanned turrets [72]
  • Mortar carriers, equipped with Elbit SPEAR 120mm mortar systems [73]
  • Ambulance (MEDEVAC) [74]
  • CBRN reconnaissance [74]
  • Recovery vehicle [74]
The framework agreement is structured in 3 phases: [75]
  1. 30 vehicles produced by GDELS Mowag in Switzerland (all delivered)
  2. 64 assembled in Romania under the direction of GDELS (all delivered)
  3. 133 to be manufactured by UMB in Romania (all delivered) [76] [77]
As of January 2026, 216 of the 227 vehicles were delivered. [61]
Flag of Spain.svg Spain (227)
In 2015, a program to replace the VEC-M1, the BMR-M1 and part of the M113 fleet was launched by the Spanish Army. The competitors were the Boxer, the Freccia, the Patria AMV, the Piranha V, the SEP and the VBCI. [78]
In September 2015, the competition was won by GDELS with the Piranha V. [79] In December 2019, the Spanish Government cancelled the program, and relaunched the competition. [80] In August 2020, the Piranha V of GDELS Santa Barbara Sistemas in collaboration with Indra Sistemas and Sapa Placencia won again the competition for a first batch of 348 vehicles for €1.74 billion. [81]
It is known as the Dragon VCR and the orders are split in 3 phases. There are confirmed orders for the phase 1 only:

Future operators

Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Piranha V 6×6:
  • Luchs 2 (274 firm order, option for 82): The German Army is looking for the successor of the Fennek. Initially the Pandur was favoured by GDELS, but they decided to offer a Piranha instead as Mowag has experience with amphibious vehicles. The competitors were the Rheinmetall TPz Fuchs Evolution and the Patria 6×6 (offered by KNDS Deutschland). [83] In October 2024, the Piranha was selected by the German Army, and the contract is expected to be signed in early 2025. None of those information was made official though. [84] Initially, two prototypes were to be ordered, followed by a first order for 90 vehicles, and an option for 160 vehicles. [85] As of October 2025, the quantity was changed to an order of 356 vehicles (274 firm and an option for 82 vehicles). The budget for this contract is €3.5 billion. Orders:
    • Initial order: 274, signed the 20 October 2025. [86]
Piranha V 8×8:
  • TaWAN LBO (58 firm order + option for 198): The budget for the initial tranche was approved in January 2025. It includes electronic systems, trucks with a communication mast, and the Piranha V. The budget approved was of €1.9 million. [87] [88] [89] [90] Orders:
    • Initial order: 58 in February 2025, with deliveries planned for 2026. [91] [92]

Potential future orders

Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Piranha V 6×6:
  • The German Army plans to replace the Hummel vehicle, a jammer based on the TPz Fuchs with a Piranha 6×6 known as the Maus. [93]
Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland
The Irish Army is looking to replace its 80 Piranha III and its 27 RG-32. Ireland mentions a need of 100 vehicles, a budget of €400 million. The split is unclear at the moment. [94] Among the potential successors are:
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands
The Netherlands are looking at the electronic warfare Piranha. The base vehicle was tested in the Netherlands. [95] It would likely be the same variant as the German one.
Flag of Romania.svg Romania
In February 2023, the Defence Ministry of Romania requested the approval to the parliament to initiate the purchase of additional Piranha V for an estimated value of USD $674 million. [96] This order was planned for 2025. [97]
As of early 2026, 139 Piranha V are expected to be ordered, under the SAFE funding programme. Among the variants, the Skyranger 35 is expected to be selected. [61]
Flag of Spain.svg Spain (650 potential orders)
  • Phase 2, 365 to be ordered, with deliveries expected from 2027 to 2035 [98]
  • Phase 3, 285 to be ordered, with deliveries expected from 2035 [98]

Failed bids

Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria
In 2017, Bulgaria invited companies to submit offers for a future IFV and other combat support vehicles (reconnaissance, combat engineering, ambulance) based on a 8×8 armoured vehicles. Over time, several offers were made by various competitors (GTK Boxer, Mowag Piranha V, Nexter VBCI 2, Patria AMVXP, Freccia, Otokar Arma, FNSS PARS). The Boxer was eliminated with the VBCI in December 2017 because they did not fulfil the conditions of the program, while the Piranha V and the Patria AMVXP did.
After years of discussions and cancellations, an offer made by General Dynamics Land Systems for a much smaller and cheaper Stryker won the contract in September 2023, 183 vehicles for USD $1.37 billion. [99]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
In 2011 GDLS Canada proposed the Piranha V platform for the Canadian CCV programme [100] before the programme was eventually cancelled by the canadian MoD [101]
Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania
In 2016, the GTK Boxer was selected over the Iveco SUPERAV, the PARS III, the Patria AMV, the Piranha V, the Stryker and the VBCI-2. [102]
Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia
In April 2022, Slovakia submitted a request for information to General Dynamics regarding the Piranha V produced in Romania. [103] The contract failed as the Patria AMV was chosen instead. [104]
Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia (106)
Up to 106 APC with a budget of €700 million are to be selected after the contract for the GTK Boxer was cancelled. The finalists of the competition are the Piranha V, the Freccia, the Rosomak L and the Patria AMVXP. [105] A visit of a Slovenian delegation took place in Romania at the production facility in 2024. On the 11th of July 2024 it was announced that the Patria AMVxp was the winner of the competition. [106]
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates (400)
In 2017, the UAE military ordered 400 Otokar Rabdan 8×8. [107] It was selected over the GTK Boxer, the Patria AMV, the Piranha V and the VBCI in a competition initially intended for 700 vehicles. [108] [109]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
The UK initially participated in the development of the GTK Boxer with Germany and the Netherlands. The collaboration started in 1999. In 2003, the UK decided to leave the development of that vehicle. [110] In 2004, the FRES programme was launched. In June 2007, 3 vehicles were pre-selected for the FRES UV programme, the GTK Boxer, the Piranha V and the VBCI. [111] The Piranha V was selected as preferred bidder in November 2007 and announced in May 2008. [112] [113] It was not followed by orders due to budget crunch, and as of December 2008, the absence of contract meant that the Piranha V was not the preferred bidder anymore. [114]
In 2014, a new programme, the FUV (Future Utility Programme) was launched, and the VBCI was considered again and tested by the UK. But the evaluation did not lead to the selection of the vehicle. In 2018, the UK rejoined the Boxer programme through the MIV programme (Mechanised Infantry Vehicle). [115]

See also

Comparable 8x8 vehicles

References

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  2. ↑ "The Army's requirement for armoured vehicles: the FRES programme - pages 17 - 22" (PDF).
  3. ↑ "Handover of the first PIRANHA Wheeled Armoured Vehicle to Denmark". gdels.com. 17 May 2017.
  4. 1 2 "BSDA 2024: Romanian Piranha 5 programme progresses". Default. 24 May 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  5. ↑ "HyGDELS scales up armored vehicle production in Germany". 8 September 2025.
  6. ↑ "GDELS Piranha V". gdels.com. Retrieved 20 February 2026.
  7. 1 2 3 "Product Range - Wheeled Vehicles - Medium Wheeled Vehicles - Piranha 5" Archived 3 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine , "GENERAL DYNAMICS - European Land Systems", Retrieved 1 September 2011.
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  10. ↑ Ministry of Defence | Defence News | Drayson: New vehicles will have "vital part to play in the Army of the future" Archived 11 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
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  15. ↑ "GDELS conducts shooting trials with PIRANHA 5 for Romanian Army". army-technology.com. 10 April 2019.
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