Sulfanegen

Last updated
Sulfanegen
Sulfanegen.svg
Names
IUPAC name
2,5-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C6H8O6S2/c7-3(8)5(11)1-13-6(12,2-14-5)4(9)10/h11-12H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
    Key: GYZMXMSJOZUNEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C6H8O6S2/c7-3(8)5(11)1-13-6(12,2-14-5)4(9)10/h11-12H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
    Key: GYZMXMSJOZUNEQ-UHFFFAOYAO
  • C1C(SCC(S1)(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O
Properties
C6H8O6S2
Molar mass 240.24 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Sulfanegen is an experimental antidote for cyanide poisoning. [1] It is being studied as a prodrug for 3-mercaptopyruvic acid (3-MP). 3-MP has been studied as a potential treatment for cyanide poisoning, but the half-life is too short for it to be clinically effective. [2] Instead, alternative chemicals such as sulfanegen, the hemithioacetal cyclic dimer of 3-MP, are being evaluated that produce 3-MP in vivo to compensate for the short half-life of 3-MP itself. [3]

Sulfanegen has been shown to be effective in animal studies. [4] It is being studied as the disodium salt, sulfanegen sodium, [3] [5] and the triethanolamine salt, sulfanegen TEA. [6] One advantage various sulfanegen formulations have over existing treatments for acute cyanide poisoning is that they might be administered by intramuscular injection or orally [1] rather than by intravenous infusion. [6]

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A cyanide is a chemical compound that contains the group C≡N. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom.

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Cyanide poisoning Broad-spectrum poisoning by inhibition of the aerobic respiration metabolism at the cellular level in mitochondria

Cyanide poisoning is poisoning that results from exposure to any of a number of forms of cyanide. Early symptoms include headache, dizziness, fast heart rate, shortness of breath, and vomiting. This phase may then be followed by seizures, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, loss of consciousness, and cardiac arrest. Onset of symptoms usually occurs within a few minutes. Some survivors have long-term neurological problems.

3-Mercaptopyruvic acid Chemical compound

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Tricyclic antidepressant overdose Medical condition

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Benzodiazepine overdose Medical condition

Benzodiazepine overdose describes the ingestion of one of the drugs in the benzodiazepine class in quantities greater than are recommended or generally practiced. The most common symptoms of overdose include central nervous system (CNS) depression, impaired balance, ataxia, and slurred speech. Severe symptoms include coma and respiratory depression. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. There is an antidote, flumazenil, but its use is controversial.

Salicylate poisoning Medical condition

Salicylate poisoning, also known as aspirin poisoning, is the acute or chronic poisoning with a salicylate such as aspirin. The classic symptoms are ringing in the ears, nausea, abdominal pain, and a fast breathing rate. Early on, these may be subtle, while larger doses may result in fever. Complications can include swelling of the brain or lungs, seizures, low blood sugar, or cardiac arrest.

Aluminium phosphide poisoning

Aluminium phosphide poisoning is poisoning that occurs as a result of excessive exposure to aluminium phosphide (AlP), which is readily available as a fumigant for stored cereal grains and sold under various brand names such as QuickPhos, Salphos and Celphos. Aluminium phosphide is highly toxic, especially when consumed from a freshly opened container. Acute aluminium phosphide poisoning (AAlPP) is a large though under-reported problem throughout the world, particularly in the Indian subcontinent.

Sodium thiosulfate (medical use)

Sodium thiosulfate, also spelled sodium thiosulphate, is used as a medication to treat cyanide poisoning, pityriasis versicolor, and to decrease side effects from cisplatin. For cyanide poisoning it is often used after the medication sodium nitrite and typically only recommended for severe cases. It is either given by injection into a vein or applied to the skin.

References

  1. 1 2 "Scientists Discover Fast-Acting Cyanide Antidote". Medgadget. Dec 27, 2007. Retrieved 2015-07-12.
  2. Nagahara, N; Li, Q; Sawada, N (2003). "Do antidotes for acute cyanide poisoning act on mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase to facilitate detoxification?". Current Drug Targets. Immune, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 3 (3): 198–204. doi:10.2174/1568008033340162. PMID   12871026.
  3. 1 2 Brenner, M; Kim, JG; Lee, J; Mahon, SB; Lemor, D; Ahdout, R; Boss, GR; Blackledge, W; Jann, L; Nagasawa, HT; Patterson, SE (2010). "Sulfanegen sodium treatment in a rabbit model of sub-lethal cyanide toxicity". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 248 (3): 269–76. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2010.08.002. PMC   3382974 . PMID   20705081.
  4. Chan, A; Crankshaw, DL; Monteil, A; Patterson, SE; Nagasawa, HT; Briggs, JE; Kozocas, JA; Mahon, SB; Brenner, M; Pilz, RB; Bigby, TD; Boss, GR (2011). "The combination of cobinamide and sulfanegen is highly effective in mouse models of cyanide poisoning". Clinical Toxicology . 49 (5): 366–73. doi:10.3109/15563650.2011.584879. PMC   3882312 . PMID   21740135.
  5. Belani, KG; Singh, H; Beebe, DS; George, P; Patterson, SE; Nagasawa, HT; Vince, R (2012). "Cyanide toxicity in juvenile pigs and its reversal by a new prodrug, sulfanegen sodium". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 114 (5): 956–61. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31824c4eb5. PMC   3334426 . PMID   22392971.
  6. 1 2 "New Antidote for Cyanide Found". Yahoo News. February 1, 2013.