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The halophiles, named after the Greek word for "salt-loving", are extremophiles that thrive in high salt concentrations. While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, such as the alga Dunaliella salina and fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Some well-known species give off a red color from carotenoid compounds, notably bacteriorhodopsin. Halophiles can be found in water bodies with salt concentration more than five times greater than that of the ocean, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, Owens Lake in California, the Dead Sea, and in evaporation ponds. They are theorized to be a possible candidate for extremophiles living in the salty subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's Europa and other similar moons.
Haloarchaea are a class of the Euryarchaeota, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. Halobacteria are now recognized as archaea, rather than bacteria and are one of the largest groups. The name 'halobacteria' was assigned to this group of organisms before the existence of the domain Archaea was realized, and while valid according to taxonomic rules, should be updated. Halophilic archaea are generally referred to as haloarchaea to distinguish them from halophilic bacteria.
Flavobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative, nonmotile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of 130 recognized species. Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments. Several species are known to cause disease in freshwater fish.
In taxonomy, Antarctobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.
Halorubrum is a genus in the family Halobacteriaceae. Halorubrum species can be found in the Dead Sea, Lake Zabuye and other waters with high salt concentration.
Halomonas subglaciescola is a Gram-negative halophilic Proteobacteria. It was first isolated from an Antarctic, hypersaline, meromictic lake, but has since been found in other environments, such as fermenting seafood. It has a largely oxidative mode of metabolism and it is motile through peritrichous flagellation. This species doesn't utilise glucose, and its type strain is ACAM 12.
Shewanella frigidimarina is a species of bacteria, notable for being an Antarctic species with the ability to produce eicosapentaenoic acid. It grows anaerobically by dissimilatory Fe (III) reduction. Its cells are motile and rod shaped. ACAM 591 is its type strain.
Methylosphaera hansonii, also called Antarctic budding methanotroph AM6, is a species of psychrophilic, group I methanotrophs, named after microbiologist Richard S. Hanson. It is non-motile, coccoidal in morphology, does not form resting cells, reproduces by constriction, and requires seawater for growth. Its type strain is ACAM 549.
Roseovarius tolerans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is a budding bacterium with variable bacteriochlorophyll a production. It is Gram-negative, aerobic, contains storage granules and can be motile. The type strain is EL-172T.
Desulfovibrio oxyclinae is a bacterium. It is sulfate-reducing, and was first isolated from the upper 3mm layer of a hypersaline cyanobacterial mat in Sinai.
Natrinema versiforme is an extremely halophilic archaeon. It is neutrophilic, non-motile and pleomorphic, with type strain XF10T.
Antarctobacter heliothermus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pointed and budding bacteria, the type species of its genus. Its type strain is EL-219T(= DSM 11445T).
Desulfohalobium retbaense is a bacterium, the type species of its genus. It is halophilic, sulfate-reducing, motile, nonsporulating and rod-shaped with polar flagella. The type strain is strain DSM 5692. Its genome has been sequenced.
Desulfocapsa thiozymogenes is an anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium. It disproportionates elemental sulfur. It is the type species of its genus.
Methylohalobius crimeensis is a moderately halophilic, methanotrophic bacterium, the type species of its genus. It is Gram-negative, aerobic, non-pigmented, motile, coccoid to spindle-shaped, with type strain 10KiT.
Nocardioides aquaticus is a species of Gram-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacteria. Its type strain is EL-17KT.
Friedmanniella lacustris is a species of Gram-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacteria. Its type strain is EL-17AT.
Desulfonatronum thioautotrophicum is a species of haloalkaliphilic sulfate-reducing bacteria. It is able to grow lithotrophically by dismutation of thiosulfate and sulfite.
Roseibaca ekhonensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and alkalitolerant bacterium from the genus of Roseibaca which has been isolated from water from the Ekho Lake in the Antarctica.
"CandidatusThiodictyon syntrophicum" is a gram-negative bacterium classified within purple sulfur bacteria (PSB). "Ca. T. syntrophicum" grows best under micro-oxic and low light conditions. There has only been one successful enrichment of "Ca. T. syntrophicum"; "Ca. T. syntrophicum" strain Cad16T.
References
- ↑ Labrenz, M.; Tindall, B. J.; Lawson, P. A.; Collins, M. D.; Schumann, P.; Hirsch, P. (2000). "Staleya guttiformis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Sulfitobacter brevis sp. nov., alpha-3-Proteobacteria from hypersaline, heliothermal and meromictic antarctic Ekho Lake". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 50 (1): 303–313. doi: 10.1099/00207713-50-1-303 . ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 10826817.
