Synchromophyceae

Synchromophyceae
Chlamydomyxa montana
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Sar
Clade:	Stramenopiles
Phylum:	Ochrophyta
Clade:	Chrysista
Class:	Synchromophyceae S.Horn & C.Wilhelm 2007 [1]
Orders [2]
Synchromales Chlamydomyxales Leucomyxales

Synchromophyceae is a class of photosynthetic stramenopiles. The chloroplast of the Synchromophyceae are surrounded by two membranes and arranged in a way where they share the outer pair of membranes. The entire chloroplast complex is surrounded by an additional two outer membranes. ^[1]

Evolution

Synchromophyceae is a class within the Ochrophyta that contains a few genera of amoeboid organisms, such as the mixotrophic Synchromonas and the heterotrophic Chlamydomyxa and Leucomyxa . ^[3] It is phylogenetically close to the classes Chrysophyceae and Picophagea, within the SII clade. ^{[4] [2]}

Ochrophyta	SIII Diatoms and relatives SI Phaeophytes, xanthophytes, etc. SII Olisthodiscophyceae Pinguiophyceae Chrysophyceae Synchromophyceae Picophagea

Taxonomy

The class Synchromophyceae was described in 2007 to include the genus Synchroma . ^[1] Since then, other closely-related organisms have been added. As of 2024, three orders are recognized, each containing one genus, and two additional incertae sedis genera. ^[2]

• Order Chlamydomyxales Archer 1875
  • Family Chlamydomyxaceae Engler 1897
    • Chlamydomyxa Archer 1875.
• Order Leucomyxales D.Barcytė & M.Eliáš 2024
  • Family Leucomyxaceae D.Barcytė & M.Eliáš 2024
    • Leucomyxa D.Barcytė & M.Eliáš 2024 ^[5]
• Order Synchromales R.Schnetter & Ehlers in Horn et al. 2007
  • Family Synchromaceae R.Schnetter & Ehlers in Horn et al. 2007
    • Synchroma R.Schnetter & Ehlers in Horn et al. 2007
• Synchromophyceae incertae sedis (possibly part of Synchromales) ^[2]
  • Chrysopodocystis Billard 1978 ^[6]
  • Guanchochroma R.Schnetter & M.Schmidt 2015 ^[7]

References

1. Horn, Susanne; Ehlers, Katrin; Fritzsch, Guido; Gil-Rodríguez, María Candelaria; Wilhelm, Christian; Schnetter, Reinhard (July 2007). "Synchroma grande spec. nov. (Synchromophyceae class. nov., Heterokontophyta): An Amoeboid Marine Alga with Unique Plastid Complexes". Protist. 158 (3): 277–293. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2007.02.004. ISSN   1434-4610. PMID   17567535.
2. Terpis, Kristina X.; Salomaki, Eric D.; Barcytė, Dovilė; Pánek, Tomáš; Verbruggen, Heroen; et al. (2025). "Multiple plastid losses within photosynthetic stramenopiles revealed by comprehensive phylogenomics". Current Biology. 35 (3): 483–499.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.065 .
3. Schmidt, Maria; Horn, Susanne; Flieger, Kerstin; Ehlers, Katrin; Wilhelm, Christian; Schnetter, Reinhard (2012). "Synchroma pusillum sp. nov. and other New Algal Isolates with Chloroplast Complexes Confirm the Synchromophyceae (Ochrophyta) as a Widely Distributed Group of Amoeboid Algae". Protist. 163 (4): 544–559. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.11.009. PMID   22578425.
4. Dovilė Barcytė; Wenche Eikrem; Anette Engesmo; Sergio Seoane; Jens Wohlmann; Aleš Horák; Tatiana Yurchenko; Marek Eliáš (2 March 2021). "Olisthodiscus represents a new class of Ochrophyta". Journal of Phycology. 57 (4): 1094–1118. Bibcode:2021JPcgy..57.1094B. doi: 10.1111/jpy.13155 . hdl: 10852/86515 . PMID   33655496.
5. Barcytė, Dovilė; Jaške, Karin; Pánek, Tomáš; Yurchenko, Tatiana; Ševčíková, Tereza; Eliášová, Anežka; Eliáš, Marek (2024). "A cryptic plastid and a novel mitochondrial plasmid in Leucomyxa plasmidifera gen. and sp. nov. (Ochrophyta) push the frontiers of organellar biology". Open Biology. 14 (10): 240022. doi: 10.1098/rsob.240022 . ISSN   2046-2441. PMC   11528492 . PMID   39474867.
6. Billard, C. (1978). "Chrysopodocystis socialis gen. et sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae), une nouvelle Rhizochrysidale marine loriquée". Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France (in French). 125 (5–6): 307–312. doi: 10.1080/00378941.1978.10839455 . ISSN   0037-8941.
7. Schmidt, Maria; Horn, Susanne; Ehlers, Katrin; Wilhelm, Christian; Schnetter, Reinhard (2 July 2015). "Guanchochroma wildpretii gen. et spec. nov. (Ochrophyta) Provides New Insights into the Diversification and Evolution of the Algal Class Synchromophyceae". PLOS ONE. 10 (7): e0131821. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131821 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   4489749 . PMID   26135124.