Opalozoa

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Opalozoa
Opalina ranarum Protsville.jpg
Opalina ranarum, an opalozoan
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Sar
Clade: Stramenopiles
Phylum: Bigyra
Subphylum: Opalozoa
Cavalier-Smith, 1991 stat. nov. 2006 [1]
Subgroups [2] [3] [4] [5]

Opalozoa is a subphylum of heterotrophic protists of the phylum Bigyra, and is the sister group to Sagenista. [6] [1] Opalozoans are non-photosynthetic stramenopiles that are ancestrally phagotrophic but many times have evolved to be osmotrophic saprotrophs in the gut of vertebrate animals. [7]

Contents

Taxonomy

History: phylum Opalozoa

In 1993 the name “Opalozoa” referred to a group of protists that was very different from what it is now. It was a phylum composed of many unrelated zooflagellates, grouped together because of the common presence of tubular mitochondrial cristae and the lack of cortical alveoli or rigid tubular ciliary hairs (retronemes). It also included the opalinids, proteomyxids and plasmodiophorids. [8]

Modern classification

The modern taxonomy of Opalozoa, down to order level, is as follows: [1]

Phylogeny

The cladogram below shows the internal relationships of Opalozoa. [1]

Opalozoa

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Scoble, Josephine Margaret (2012). "Phylogeny of Heterokonta: Incisomonas marina, a uniciliate gliding opalozoan related to Solenicola (Nanomonadea), and evidence that Actinophryida evolved from raphidophytes" . European Journal of Protistology. 49 (3): 328–353. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.09.002. PMID   23219323.
  2. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2018-01-01). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. ISSN   1615-6102. PMC   5756292 . PMID   28875267.
  3. Pan, Jingwen (2016). Labyrinthulomycetes diversity meta-analysis (MSc). University of British Columbia. doi:10.14288/1.0223199.
  4. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Scoble, Josephine Margaret (2013-08-01). "Phylogeny of Heterokonta: Incisomonas marina, a uniciliate gliding opalozoan related to Solenicola (Nanomonadea), and evidence that Actinophryida evolved from raphidophytes". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (3): 328–353. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.09.002. ISSN   0932-4739.
  5. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255: 297–357. doi: 10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3 . PMC   5756292 . S2CID   254085270.
  6. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E-Y. (2006). "Phylogeny and Megasystematics of Phagotrophic Heterokonts (Kingdom Chromista)" . J Mol Evol. 62 (4): 388–420. doi:10.1007/s00239-004-0353-8. PMID   16557340. S2CID   29567514.
  7. 1 2 Cavalier-Smith T (September 1993). "The Protozoan Phylum Opalozoa". Eukaryotic Microbiology. 40 (5): 609–615. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb06117.x. S2CID   84129692.