| Joolal | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Combretaceae |
| Genus: | Terminalia |
| Species: | T. canescens |
| Binomial name | |
| Terminalia canescens | |
Terminalia canescens, commonly known as joolal, winged nut tree, [1] or wingnut, and also known by its Aboriginal name djilanydjin in north-western Australia, [2] is a tree of the family Combretaceae native to northern parts of Australia. [3]
The small tree or shrub typically grows to a height of 1 to 10 metres (3 to 33 ft) in height and is deciduous or semi-deciduous. It blooms between July and January producing white-cream-green flowers. [3] The species is very similar to Terminalia bursarina but has larger leaves and fruits. [1]
The bark is grey to brown in colour and sheds in coarse flakes. Leaf blades are narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate in shape with length of 28 to 75 millimetres (1.10 to 2.95 in) and a width of 5 to 35 mm (0.20 to 1.38 in). The inflorescences are 15 to 90 mm (0.59 to 3.54 in) long producing dry winged fruit with a flattened, elliptic to obovate shape and a length of 15 to 40 mm (0.59 to 1.57 in). [1]
It is found in a variety of habitats over laterite or sandstone in the Kimberley region of Western Australia and the Northern Territory growing in sandy-stony soils.
The leaves, bark and stems of this plant are used in Australian native tea known as "Jilungin tea". This tea is promoted as aiding relaxation and sleep. The tea is said to have a mild, earthy flavour and aroma, similar to green tea or grass. [4] This tea is used by the indigenous Nyul Nyul people of the Kimberely to promote deep sleep, and as a digestive tonic to provide energy during the day. [5]
A 2017 study by the Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food, showed antioxidant levels similar ot or exceeding those of green tea in a sample of Terminalia canescens prepared as Jilungun Tea. < [6]
A project is under way as of 2021 [update] to cultivate the tree alongside orchards of gubinge (Terminalia ferdinandiana, aka Kakadu plum) in the Broome area. [2]
Terminalia ferdinandiana, most commonly known as the Kakadu plum and also called the gubinge, billygoat plum, green plum, salty plum, murunga, mador and other names, is a flowering plant in the family Combretaceae, native to Australia, widespread throughout the tropical woodlands from north-western Australia to eastern Arnhem Land. Used as a traditional bush food and bush medicine for centuries, the fruit has especially high levels of vitamin C.
Acacia murrayana is a tree in the family Fabaceae. It has numerous common names, including sandplain wattle, Murray's wattle, fire wattle, colony wattle and powder bark wattle that is endemic to arid areas in every mainland State except Victoria.
Murraya paniculata, commonly known as orange jasmine, orange jessamine, china box or mock orange, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to South Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia. It has smooth bark, pinnate leaves with up to seven egg-shaped to elliptical leaflets, fragrant white or cream-coloured flowers and oval, orange-red berries containing hairy seeds.
Eucalyptus miniata, commonly known as the Darwin woollybutt or woolewoorrng, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has rough, fibrous, brownish bark on the trunk, smooth greyish bark above. Adult leaves are lance-shaped, the flower buds are ribbed and arranged in groups of seven, the flowers orange or scarlet and the fruit is cylindrical to barrel-shaped or urn-shaped, with ribs along the sides.
Corymbia polycarpa, also known as the long-fruited bloodwood or small-flowered bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. Indigenous Australians of different language groups have different names for the tree. The Nungali peoples know the tree as narrga or gunjid, the Mulluk-Mulluk know it as dawart, the Yangman know it as bodog, the Gurindji peoples as jadburru and the Wagiman as jagatjjin. It is a medium-sized tree with rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white or cream-coloured flowers and barrel-shaped fruit.
Melaleuca dissitiflora, commonly known as creek tea–tree, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is native to Australia. It occurs in the drier parts of Queensland, the Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia. It grows in places like sandy creek beds and rocky gorges but it may have potential as a more productive source of "tea tree" oil than the usual Melaleuca alternifolia. It is closely related and very similar to Melaleuca linophylla with its papery bark, narrow leaves and loose spikes of creamy-white flowers but its flowers are larger, the stamens are longer and there are more stamens per bundle than in that species.
Eucalyptus victrix, commonly known as the smooth-barked coolibah, western coolibah or little ghost gum, is a species of small tree that is endemic to Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and conical fruit.
Albizia canescens, commonly known as Belmont siris, is a species of Albizia, endemic to Northern Australia.
Terminalia microcarpa is a tree species in the family Combretaceae. It occurs in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Australia.
Terminalia petiolaris, commonly known as blackberry tree or billygoat plum, or marool in the local Bardi language, is a species of plant in the Combretaceae family. It is endemic to the coast of the Kimberley region of northern Western Australia.
Melaleuca dealbata, commonly known as karnbor or blue paperbark, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is native to tropical areas in northern Australia, New Guinea and Indonesia. It is a medium to large leafy tree, growing in wet areas such as on the edges of coastal lagoons. It has papery bark, relatively large, blue-green leaves and spikes of cream-coloured flowers over a long period.
Eucalyptus tectifica, commonly known as Darwin box, or grey box, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has rough, fibrous or flaky bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and conical, cup-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.
Acacia hemsleyi is a tree or shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Juliflorae that is endemic to tropical parts of northern Australia.
Acacia hemignosta commonly known as the clubleaf wattle, is a tree or shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Plurinerves that is endemic to northern parts of Australia.
Hakea arborescens, commonly known as the common hakea or the yellow hakea, is a shrub or tree of the genus Hakea native to parts of northern Australia.
Terminalia arostrata, commonly known as crocodile tree or nutwood, is a tree of the family Combretaceae native to northern parts of Australia.
Terminalia bursarina, commonly known as bendee, is a tree of the family Combretaceae native to northern parts of Australia.
Terminalia cunninghamii, commonly known as pindan quondong, pindan walnut or kalumburu almond, is a tree or shrub of the family Combretaceae native to Western Australia. Some Aboriginal people know the plant as kumpaja.
Terminalia grandiflora, commonly known as yalu, plumwood or nutwood, is a tree of the family Combretaceae native to northern Australia. The Nungali and Jaru peoples know the tree as badgari and the Wagiman know it as barnyin.
Terminalia hadleyana is a tree of the family Combretaceae native to northern Australia.