Theliderma intermedia

Theliderma intermedia
Conservation status
	; Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
	CITES Appendix I (CITES)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Order:	Unionida
Family:	Unionidae
Genus:	Theliderma
Species:	T. intermedia
Binomial name
	Theliderma intermedia; (Conrad, 1836)
Synonyms
	Quadrula intermedia(Conrad, 1836); Unio intermediusConrad, 1836; Quadrula biangulataMorrison, 1942; Unio tuberosus subsp. perlobatusde Gregorio, 1914;

Last updated April 24, 2024

Theliderma intermedia, the Cumberland monkeyface pearly mussel or Cumberland monkeyface, is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This aquatic bivalve mollusk is native to Tennessee and Virginia in the United States. Historically widespread in the upper Tennessee River system, it populations have been reduced by habitat destruction and pollution. It now only occurs in two tributaries: the Duck and Powell Rivers.^[4] It is a federally listed endangered species.^[5]^[6]

This species is greenish yellow in color.^[7]^{[ page needed ]} It can reach at least 35 years of age.^[4] Like other mussels, it has larvae called glochidia that lodge in the gills of fish to develop into juvenile mussels. Hosts for this species include the streamline chub (Erimystax dissimilis) and blotched chub (Erimystax insignis).^[8]

This mussel has been extirpated from the Elk River. There is still a population in the Powell River, and the population in the Duck River appears to be viable.^[4]

The Cumberland Monkeyface PearlyMussel is a freshwater mussel species.
The Cumberland Monkeyface PearlyMussel is a medium sized mussel and has pearls.
They are called the Cumberland Monkeyface PearlyMussel because their shell looks like a “monkey's” face.
Their species are decreasing because of dam construction,water pollution and habitat loss due to humans and natural reasons.
They help purify river water because they have gills that filter water and tiny particles of food.
They are found in the Cumberland river.
They can live up to 20-35 years!
They are slow to reproduce so that makes it harder for them to recover from habitat loss and humans.
The Cumberland Monkeyface PearlyMussel also grows very slowly making their species hard to recover.
They take months or years to turn into an adult, when they are an adult a lady Cumberland Monkeyface PearlyMussel releases her eggs into the water, the
male Cumberland Monkeyface PearlyMussel will fertilise them with sperm.
After the eggs are fertilised they attach to a fish or a water host until they hatch, when they hatch they will leave the host fish and go to the bottom of the river bed.
The scientific name of this mussel is Theloderma intermedia
They can be found on the bottom of certain riverbeds.

Related Research Articles

The cracking pearlymussel is an endangered species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae.

Dromus dromas, the dromedary pearlymussel or dromedary naiad, is a rare species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae. This aquatic bivalve mollusk is native to the Cumberland and Tennessee River systems in the United States, where it has experienced a large population decline. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

Epioblasma brevidens, the Cumberlandian combshell, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae. This species is endemic to the United States, found mainly in the states of Tennessee and Virginia. This mussel resides in medium-sized streams to large rivers. The combshell is an endangered species and protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). The combshell is threatened by habitat modifications and pollution.

Epioblasma turgidula, the turgid blossom pearly mussel, turgid riffle shell, turgid-blossom naiad or turgid blossom, was a species of freshwater mussel, a mollusk in the family Unionidae. The US Fish and Wildlife Service declared the species extinct and delisted it from the Endangered Species Act in 2023.

Fusconaia escambia, the narrow pigtoe, is a freshwater bivalve mussel found in Alabama and northwestern Florida. The narrow pigtoe was first discovered in the Escambia River in Alabama and Florida.

Lampsilis abrupta, the pink mucket or pink mucket pearly mussel, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is endemic to the United States.

Lampsilis rafinesqueana, the Neosho mucket or Neosho pearly mussel, is a species of North American freshwater mussel endemic to Arkansas, Oklahoma, Illinois, Missouri and Kansas.

The birdwing pearlymussel is a rare species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This aquatic bivalve is native to Tennessee and Virginia in the United States. Its range has declined over 90%. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

Obovaria retusa is a rare species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. Its common names include golf stick pearly mussel and ring pink.

Pleurobema oviforme, the Tennessee clubshell, is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is native to the eastern United States, where it occurs in Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. It also previously occurred in Mississippi.

The winged mapleleaf, also known as false mapleleaf, or hickory nut shell, and with the scientific name Quadrula fragosa, is a species of freshwater mussel. It is an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is endemic to the United States.

Rotundaria houstonensis, the smooth pimpleback, is a species of freshwater mussel native to the United States. It is endemic to the Colorado and Brazos River drainages in Texas.

Theliderma sparsa, the Appalachian monkey-face pearly mussel or Appalachian monkeyface, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

Villosa trabalis, the Cumberland bean pearly mussel, Cumberland bean, or purple bean, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae.

The rabbitsfoot is a species of freshwater mussel. It is an aquatic bivalve mollusk, in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

Monkeyface or monkey-face may refer to:

The shinyrayed pocketbook is a federally endangered species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is endemic to the United States in the states of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama.

Theliderma is a genus of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve mollusks in the family Unionidae. They are native to North America.

Theliderma metanevra, common name the monkeyface, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

References

↑ Cummings, K.; Cordeiro, J. (2012). "Theliderma intermedia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T19041A183371195. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T19041A183371195.en . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
↑ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
↑ "Theliderma intermedia (Conrad, 1836)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 25 December 2023.
1 2 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region, Asheville Ecological Services Field Office (July 2011). Cumberland Monkeyface (Quadrula intermedia) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation (PDF) (Report). Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
↑ "Cumberland monkeyface (pearlymussel) (Theliderma intermedia)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
↑ 41 FR 24062
↑ Castronova, Frank V.; Sessine, Suzanne; Beacham, Walton, eds. (2001). "Cumberland Monkeyface". Beacham's Guide to the Endangered Species of North America. Gale Group. ISBN 0787650358 . Retrieved 25 December 2023– via encyclopedia.com.
↑ NatureServe (1 December 2023). "Quadrula intermedia". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 25 December 2023.

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[iucn_status_15_November_2021-1] Cummings, K.; Cordeiro, J. (2012). "Theliderma intermedia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T19041A183371195. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T19041A183371195.en . Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[2] "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.

[3] "Theliderma intermedia (Conrad, 1836)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 25 December 2023.

[five-4] 1 2 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region, Asheville Ecological Services Field Office (July 2011). Cumberland Monkeyface (Quadrula intermedia) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation (PDF) (Report). Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 25 December 2023.

[5] "Cumberland monkeyface (pearlymussel) (Theliderma intermedia)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 25 December 2023.

[6] 41 FR 24062

[7] Castronova, Frank V.; Sessine, Suzanne; Beacham, Walton, eds. (2001). "Cumberland Monkeyface". Beacham's Guide to the Endangered Species of North America. Gale Group. ISBN 0787650358 . Retrieved 25 December 2023– via encyclopedia.com.

[tnc-8] NatureServe (1 December 2023). "Quadrula intermedia". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 25 December 2023.

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Theliderma intermedia

Conservation status
Endangered (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
CITES Appendix I (CITES)^[2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Order:	Unionida
Family:	Unionidae
Genus:	Theliderma
Species:	T. intermedia
Binomial name
*Theliderma intermedia* (Conrad, 1836)
Synonyms ^[3]
Quadrula intermedia(Conrad, 1836) Unio intermediusConrad, 1836 Quadrula biangulataMorrison, 1942 Unio tuberosus subsp. perlobatusde Gregorio, 1914