Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. While carp is consumed in many parts of the world, they are generally considered an invasive species in parts of Africa, Australia and most of the United States.
The common carp or European carp is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia. The native wild populations are considered vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), but the species has also been domesticated and introduced into environments worldwide, and is often considered a destructive invasive species, being included in the list of the world's 100 worst invasive species. It gives its name to the carp family, Cyprinidae.
Mahseer is the common name used for the genera Tor, Neolissochilus, Naziritor and Parator in the family Cyprinidae (carps). The name is, however, more often restricted to members of the genus Tor. The range of these fish is from Vietnam in the north and China in the south, through Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and across southern Asia including the Indian Peninsula, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Afghanistan. They are commercially important game fish, as well as highly esteemed food fish. Mahseer fetch high market price, and are potential candidate species for aquaculture. Several of the larger species have suffered severe declines, and are now considered threatened due to pollution, habitat loss, overfishing and increasing concern about the impacts of unregulated release of artificially bred stock of a very limited number of species.
Cyprinus is the genus of typical carps in family Cyprinidae. Most species in the genus are of East Asia origin with only the common carp in Western Asia and Europe; this invasive species has also been introduced to many other regions around the world. Cyprinus are closely related to some more barb-like genera, such as Cyclocheilichthys and Barbonymus (tinfoils). The crucian carps (Carassius) of western Eurasia, which include the goldfish, are apparently not as closely related.
The red-tailed black shark, also known as the redtail shark and redtail sharkminnow, is a species of freshwater fish in the carp family, Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Thailand and currently critically endangered, but common in aquaria, where it is prized for its deep black body and vivid red or orange tail. The red-tailed black sharks seen in the aquarium trade today are all captive bred.
The giant barb, Siamese giant carp, or simply Siamese carp, is the largest species of cyprinid in the world. These migratory fish are found only in the Mae Klong, Mekong, and Chao Phraya River basins in Indochina. Populations have declined drastically due to habitat loss and overfishing, and the giant barb is now considered critically endangered.
The giant salmon carp, also termed the Mekong giant salmon carp, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae and the single species in the monotypic genus Aaptosyax. It is endemic to the middle reaches of the Mekong River in northern Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. Its population is much reduced (>90%) as a result of overfishing and habitat degradation, and it is now considered Critically Endangered.
The Kuria labeo is a species of fish in the carp family, Cyprinidae. It is native to Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Burma, and it is known from Afghanistan and Nepal.
Rita gogra is a species of bagrid catfish endemic to India where it is found in the rivers of the Deccan Plateau up to the Krishna River system. It is an inhabitant of large rivers. It grows to a total length of 26 cm and is commercially fished for human consumption.
Bagarius bagarius, also known as the devil catfish, dwarf goonch or goonch, is a species of catfish in the genus Bagarius. It is generally reported as being found in large and medium rivers in South Asia, and is likely synonymous with B. yarrelli.
Labeo barbatulus is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. It is native to the Mekong River basin in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.
Labeo porcellus is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. Its common name is the Bombay labeo. It is native to India.
Nemacheilus rueppelli, also known as the mongoose loach is a species of stone loach from rivers in India. It includes Nemachilichthys shimogensis, which frequently is recognized as a valid species from the Thunga River in Karnataka, but Keskar et al. 2015 treat them as synonyms, while Fishbase says the name is misapplied and should not be used as N. shimgoensis is treated as a separate species by Fishbase and the IUCN. According to Keskar et al, 2015 this species is placed in the monotypic genus Nemachilichthys but Fishbase retains it in Nemacheilus., although Catalog of Fishes follows treatment outlined by Keskar et al.
The mrigal carp, also known as the white carp, is a species of ray-finned fish in the carp family. Native to streams and rivers in India, the only surviving wild population is in the Cauvery River, leading to its IUCN rating as vulnerable. It is widely aquafarmed and introduced populations exist outside its native range. It reaches a maximum length of 1 m (3.3 ft). This species and Cirrhinus mrigala are considered distinct.
Cirrhinus molitorella is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cirrhinus found mainly in southern China and Vietnam.
Cyprinus rubrofuscus, the Amur carp, is a species of cyprinid fish, and is the wild form of the well-known koi. It is widespread in the fresh waters of eastern Asia, native to China, Vietnam and Laos from the Amur to Red River basins, and has also been introduced outside its native range. It is known for its muddy flavor and boniness, hence, it is not commonly eaten by locals except when stewed.
Thynnichthys is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern Asia from India to Borneo. There are currently four species in this genus.
Thynnichthys thynnoides is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae from mainland southeast Asia and the islands of Borneo and Sumatra.
Hypselobarbus mussullah is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish from the Indian endemic genus Hypselobarbus in the carp and minnow family Cyprinidae.
Thynnichthys polylepis is a species of cyprinid of the genus Thynnichthys. It inhabits Sumatra and Borneo. It has a maximum length among unsexed males of 18.0 centimetres (7.1 in). Described in 1860 by Pieter Bleeker, it is considered harmless to humans. As of July 2021 it has not been classified on the IUCN Red List.
