The trefoil knot fold is a protein fold in which the protein backbone is twisted into a trefoil knot shape. "Shallow" knots in which the tail of the polypeptide chain only passes through a loop by a few residues are uncommon, but "deep" knots in which many residues are passed through the loop are extremely rare. Deep trefoil knots have been found in the SPOUT superfamily. including methyltransferase proteins involved in posttranscriptional RNA modification in all three domains of life, including bacterium Thermus thermophilus and proteins, in archaea and in eukaryota.
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) antagonists (-pitants) are a novel class of medications that possesses unique antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antiemetic properties. NK-1 antagonists boost the efficacy of 5-HT3 antagonists to prevent nausea and vomiting. The discovery of neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonists was a turning point in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.
Neurokinin A (NKA), formerly known as Substance K, is a neurologically active peptide translated from the pre-protachykinin gene. Neurokinin A has many excitatory effects on mammalian nervous systems and is also influential on the mammalian inflammatory and pain responses.
Neurokinin B (NKB) belongs in the family of tachykinin peptides. Neurokinin B is implicated in a variety of human functions and pathways such as the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Additionally, NKB is associated with pregnancy in females and maturation in young adults. Reproductive function is highly dependent on levels of both neurokinin B and also the G-protein coupled receptor ligand kisspeptin. The first NKB studies done attempted to resolve why high levels of the peptide may be implicated in pre-eclampsia during pregnancy. NKB, kisspeptin, and dynorphin together are found in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) known as the KNDy subpopulation. This subpopulation is targeted by many steroid hormones and works to form a network that feeds back to GnRH pulse generator.
The prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (PrRPR) also known as G-protein coupled receptor 10 (GPR10) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRLHR gene.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFR4 gene. FGFR4 has also been designated as CD334.
Tachykinin receptor 3, also known as TACR3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TACR3 gene.
Neuromedin-U receptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NMUR2 gene.
Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1, also known as Neuropeptide Y receptor type 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPYR1 gene.
Trefoil factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFF1 gene.
Trefoil factor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFF3 gene.
Corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRHBP gene. It belongs to corticotropin-releasing hormone binding protein family.
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBE2G2 gene.
Tachykinin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAC3 gene.
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5, also known as nAChRα5, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR).
Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFRL1 gene.
DNA-binding protein RFX2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFX2 gene.
Fibroblast growth factor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF6 gene.
Tachykinin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAC4 gene.
Ubiquitin-associated and SH3 domain-containing protein A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBASH3A gene.
