Trifluoroacetic anhydride

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Trifluoroacetic anhydride
Trifluoroacetic anhydride.svg
Trifluoroacetic-anhydride-3D-balls.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Trifluoroacetic anhydride
Other names
  • 2,2,2-Trifluoroacetic anhydride
  • TFAA
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.006.349 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 206-982-9
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C4F6O3/c5-3(6,7)1(11)13-2(12)4(8,9)10 X mark.svgN
    Key: QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N X mark.svgN
  • C(=O)(C(F)(F)F)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F
Properties
C4F6O3
Molar mass 210.031 g·mol−1
Appearancecolorless liquid
Density 1.511 g/mL (20°C)
Melting point −65 °C (−85 °F; 208 K)
Boiling point 40 °C (104 °F; 313 K)
reacts
Solubility soluble in benzene, dichloromethane, ether, DMF, THF, acetonitrile
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg [1]
Danger
H314, H332 [1]
P280, P305+P351+P338, P310 [1]
Safety data sheet (SDS) Oxford MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) is the acid anhydride of trifluoroacetic acid. It is the perfluorinated derivative of acetic anhydride.

Contents

Preparation

Trifluoroacetic anhydride was originally prepared by the dehydration of trifluoroacetic acid with phosphorus pentoxide. [2] The dehydration might also be carried out with excess α-halogenated acid chlorides. For example, with dichloroacetyl chloride: [3]

2 CF3COOH + Cl2CHCOCl → (CF3CO)2O + Cl2CHCOOH + HCl

Uses

Trifluoroacetic anhydride has various uses in organic synthesis.

It may be used to introduce the corresponding trifluoroacetyl group, for which it is more convenient than the corresponding acyl chloride, trifluoroacetyl chloride, which is a gas.

It can be used to promote reactions of carboxylic acids, including Friedel-Crafts acylation and acylation of other unsaturated compounds. Other electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions can also be promoted with trifluoroacetic anhydride, including nitration, sulfonation and nitrosylation. [2]

Similar to acetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride can be used as a dehydrating agent and as an activator for the Pummerer rearrangement. [4]

It can be used in place of oxalyl chloride in the Swern oxidation, allowing temperatures up to −30 °C. [5]

With sodium iodide, it reduces sulfoxides to sulfides. [4]

Trifluoroacetic anhydride is the recommended desiccant for trifluoroacetic acid. [6]

Related Research Articles

In organic chemistry, the Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol is oxidized to an aldehyde or ketone using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base, such as triethylamine. It is one of the many oxidation reactions commonly referred to as 'activated DMSO' oxidations. The reaction is known for its mild character and wide tolerance of functional groups.

The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877 to attach substituents to an aromatic ring. Friedel–Crafts reactions are of two main types: alkylation reactions and acylation reactions. Both proceed by electrophilic aromatic substitution.

In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride is an organic compound with the functional group −C(=O)Cl. Their formula is usually written R−COCl, where R is a side chain. They are reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids. A specific example of an acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, CH3COCl. Acyl chlorides are the most important subset of acyl halides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acyl halide</span> Oxoacid compound with an –OH group replaced by a halogen

In organic chemistry, an acyl halide is a chemical compound derived from an oxoacid by replacing a hydroxyl group with a halide group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxalyl chloride</span> Chemical compound

Oxalyl chloride is an organic chemical compound with the formula Cl−C(=O)−C(=O)−Cl. This colorless, sharp-smelling liquid, the diacyl chloride of oxalic acid, is a useful reagent in organic synthesis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Organic acid anhydride</span> Any chemical compound having two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom

An organic acid anhydride is an acid anhydride that is also an organic compound. An acid anhydride is a compound that has two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom. A common type of organic acid anhydride is a carboxylic anhydride, where the parent acid is a carboxylic acid, the formula of the anhydride being (RC(O))2O. Symmetrical acid anhydrides of this type are named by replacing the word acid in the name of the parent carboxylic acid by the word anhydride. Thus, (CH3CO)2O is called acetic anhydride.Mixed (or unsymmetrical) acid anhydrides, such as acetic formic anhydride (see below), are known, whereby reaction occurs between two different carboxylic acids. Nomenclature of unsymmetrical acid anhydrides list the names of both of the reacted carboxylic acids before the word "anhydride" (for example, the dehydration reaction between benzoic acid and propanoic acid would yield "benzoic propanoic anhydride").

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dess–Martin periodinane</span> Chemical reagent

Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP) is a chemical reagent used in the Dess–Martin oxidation, oxidizing primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones. This periodinane has several advantages over chromium- and DMSO-based oxidants that include milder conditions, shorter reaction times, higher yields, simplified workups, high chemoselectivity, tolerance of sensitive functional groups, and a long shelf life. However, use on an industrial scale is made difficult by its cost and its potentially explosive nature. It is named after the American chemists Daniel Benjamin Dess and James Cullen Martin who developed the reagent in 1983. It is based on IBX, but due to the acetate groups attached to the central iodine atom, DMP is much more reactive than IBX and is much more soluble in organic solvents.

The Pummerer rearrangement is an organic reaction whereby an alkyl sulfoxide rearranges to an α-acyloxy–thioether (monothioacetal-ester) in the presence of acetic anhydride.

In organic chemistry a methylthiomethyl (MTM) ether is a protective group for hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyl groups are present in many chemical compounds and they must be protected during oxidation, acylation, halogenation, dehydration and other reactions to which they are susceptible.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyanuric chloride</span> Chemical compound

Cyanuric chloride is an organic compound with the formula (NCCl)3. This white solid is the chlorinated derivative of 1,3,5-triazine. It is the trimer of cyanogen chloride. Cyanuric chloride is the main precursor to the popular but controversial herbicide atrazine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbonyldiimidazole</span> Chemical compound

1,1'-Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) is an organic compound with the molecular formula (C3H3N2)2CO. It is a white crystalline solid. It is often used for the coupling of amino acids for peptide synthesis and as a reagent in organic synthesis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trifluoroacetic acid</span> Chemical compound

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is an organofluorine compound with the chemical formula CF3CO2H. It is a haloacetic acid, with all three of the acetyl group's hydrogen atoms replaced by fluorine atoms. It is a colorless liquid with a vinegar-like odor. TFA is a stronger acid than acetic acid, having an acid ionisation constant, Ka, that is approximately 34,000 times higher, as the highly electronegative fluorine atoms and consequent electron-withdrawing nature of the trifluoromethyl group weakens the oxygen-hydrogen bond (allowing for greater acidity) and stabilises the anionic conjugate base. TFA is widely used in organic chemistry for various purposes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robinson–Gabriel synthesis</span> Organic reaction

The Robinson–Gabriel synthesis is an organic reaction in which a 2-acylamino-ketone reacts intramolecularly followed by a dehydration to give an oxazole. A cyclodehydrating agent is needed to catalyze the reaction It is named after Sir Robert Robinson and Siegmund Gabriel who described the reaction in 1909 and 1910, respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triflic acid</span> Chemical compound

Triflic acid, the short name for trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, TFMS, TFSA, HOTf or TfOH, is a sulfonic acid with the chemical formula CF3SO3H. It is one of the strongest known acids. Triflic acid is mainly used in research as a catalyst for esterification. It is a hygroscopic, colorless, slightly viscous liquid and is soluble in polar solvents.

Deoxygenation is a chemical reaction involving the removal of oxygen atoms from a molecule. The term also refers to the removal of molecular oxygen (O2) from gases and solvents, a step in air-free technique and gas purifiers. As applied to organic compounds, deoxygenation is a component of fuels production as well a type of reaction employed in organic synthesis, e.g. of pharmaceuticals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methanesulfonic anhydride</span> Chemical compound

Methanesulfonic anhydride (Ms2O) is the acid anhydride of methanesulfonic acid. Like methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl), it may be used to generate mesylates (methanesulfonyl esters).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfinyl halide</span> Class of chemical compounds

Sulfinyl halide have the general formula R−S(O)−X, where X is a halogen. They are intermediate in oxidation level between sulfenyl halides, R−S−X, and sulfonyl halides, R−SO2−X. The best known examples are sulfinyl chlorides, thermolabile, moisture-sensitive compounds, which are useful intermediates for preparation of other sufinyl derivatives such as sulfinamides, sulfinates, sulfoxides, and thiosulfinates. Unlike the sulfur atom in sulfonyl halides and sulfenyl halides, the sulfur atom in sulfinyl halides is chiral, as shown for methanesulfinyl chloride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1-Tetralone</span> Chemical compound

1-Tetralone is a bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a ketone. In terms of its structure, it can also be regarded as benzo-fused cyclohexanone. It is a colorless oil with a faint odor. It is used as starting material for agricultural and pharmaceutical agents. The carbon skeleton of 1-tetralone is found in natural products such as Aristelegone A (4,7-dimethyl-6-methoxy-1-tetralone) from the family of Aristolochiaceae used in traditional Chinese medicine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trifluoroperacetic acid</span> Chemical compound

Trifluoroperacetic acid is an organofluorine compound, the peroxy acid analog of trifluoroacetic acid, with the condensed structural formula CF
3
COOOH
. It is a strong oxidizing agent for organic oxidation reactions, such as in Baeyer–Villiger oxidations of ketones. It is the most reactive of the organic peroxy acids, allowing it to successfully oxidise relatively unreactive alkenes to epoxides where other peroxy acids are ineffective. It can also oxidise the chalcogens in some functional groups, such as by transforming selenoethers to selones. It is a potentially explosive material and is not commercially available, but it can be quickly prepared as needed. Its use as a laboratory reagent was pioneered and developed by William D. Emmons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albright–Goldman oxidation</span>

The Albright–Goldman oxidation is a name reaction of organic chemistry, first described by the American chemists J. Donald Albright and Leon Goldman in 1965. The reaction is particularly suitable for the synthesis of aldehydes from primary alcohols. Analogously, secondary alcohols can be oxidized to form ketones. Dimethyl sulfoxide/acetic anhydride serves as oxidizing agent.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Sigma-Aldrich Co., Trifluoroacetic Anhydride. Retrieved on 2020-06-08.
  2. 1 2 Tedder, J. M. (1955). "The Use of Trifluoroacetic Anhydride and Related Compounds in Organic Synthesis". Chem. Rev. 55 (5): 787–827. doi:10.1021/cr50005a001.
  3. US 4595541,Amiet, Louis&Disdier, Camille,"Process for the preparation of trifluoroacetic anhydride",published 1986-06-17, assigned to Rhone Poulenc Specialites Chimiques
  4. 1 2 Sweeney, Joseph; Perkins, Gemma; DiMauro, Erin F.; Hodous, Brian L. (2005). "Trifluoroacetic Anhydride". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rt237.pub2. ISBN   978-0-470-84289-8.
  5. Omura, Kanji; Sharma, Ashok K.; Swern, Daniel (1976). "Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Trifluoroacetic Anhydride. New Reagent for Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyls". J. Org. Chem. 41 (6): 957–962. doi:10.1021/jo00868a012.
  6. Chai, Christina Li Lin; Armarego, W. L. F. (2003). Purification of laboratory chemicals (Google Books excerpt). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 376. ISBN   0-7506-7571-3.