Trimethylsilyl azide

Last updated
Trimethylsilyl azide
Trimethylsilyl azide.png
Trimethylsilyl-azide-3D-spacefill.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Azidotri(methyl)silane
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1903730
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.022.798 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 225-078-5
PubChem CID
  • InChI=1S/C3H9N3Si/c1-7(2,3)6-5-4/h1-3H3 Yes check.svgY
    Key: SEDZOYHHAIAQIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/C3H9N3Si/c1-7(2,3)6-5-4/h1-3H3
    Key: SEDZOYHHAIAQIW-UHFFFAOYAJ
  • [N-]=[N+]=N[Si](C)(C)C
Properties
C3H9N3Si
Molar mass 115.211 g·mol−1
Appearancecolorless liquid
Odor Odourless; [1] pungent [2]
Density 0.8763 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point −95 °C (−139 °F; 178 K)
Boiling point 52 to 53 °C (126 to 127 °F; 325 to 326 K) at 175 mmHg (92 to 95 °C at 760 mmHg)
reacts to form dangerous hydrazoic acid
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg GHS-pictogram-skull.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
Danger
H225, H301, H311, H331, H410
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
4
3
0
Flash point 6 °C (43 °F; 279 K)
>300 °C (572 °F; 573 K)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 100 mg/kg (Oral, expert judgement)
  • 315.8 mg/kg (dermal) [2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Yes check.svgY  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Trimethylsilyl azide is the organosilicon compound with the formula (CH3)3SiN3. A colorless liquid, it is a reagent in organic chemistry, serving as the equivalent of hydrazoic acid. [3]

Contents

Preparation

Trimethylsilyl azide is commercially available. It may be prepared by the reaction of trimethylsilyl chloride and sodium azide: [4]

(CH3)3Si−Cl + NaN3 → (CH3)3Si−N3 + NaCl

Reactions

The compound hydrolyzes to hydrazoic acid: [5]

(CH3)3SiN3 + H2O → (CH3)3SiOH + HN3

The compound adds to ketones and aldehydes to give the siloxy azides and subsequently tetrazoles: [3]

(CH3)3SiN3 + R2CO → R2C(N3)OSi(CH3)3

It ring-opens epoxides to give azido alcohols.

It has been used in the Oseltamivir total synthesis.

Safety

Trimethylsilyl azide is incompatible with moisture, strong oxidizing agents, and strong acids. Azides are often explosive, as illustrated by their use in air bags.

References

  1. ↑ "SAFETY DATA SHEET". ThermoFisher Scientific. 16 Feb 2015.
  2. 1 2 "TRIMETHYLSILYL AZIDE, 96% Safety Data Sheet" (PDF). Gelest. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
  3. 1 2 Nishiyama, Kozaburo; Wang, Cheng; Lebel, Hélène (2016). "Azidotrimethylsilane". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. pp. 1–16. doi:10.1002/047084289X.ra117.pub3. ISBN   9780470842898.
  4. ↑ L. Birkofer and P. Wegner (1970). "Trimethylsilyl azide". Organic Syntheses . 50: 107. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.050.0107 .
  5. ↑ Jafarzadeh, Mohammad (2007). "Trimethylsilyl Azide (TMSN3): A Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis". Synlett. 2007 (13): 2144–2145. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-984895 .
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