Trithuria sect. Trithuria

Trithuria sect. Trithuria Temporal range: 16.07 –0  Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Early Miocene – Recent [1]
Flowering Trithuria submersa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Order:	Nymphaeales
Family:	Hydatellaceae
Genus:	Trithuria
Section:	Trithuria sect. Trithuria (Autonym)
Type species
Trithuria submersa Hook.f. [2] [3]
Species
See here

Trithuria sect. Trithuria is a section within the genus Trithuria ^[2] native to Australia. ^[4]

Description

Fruiting Trithuria submersa in Tasmannia, Australia

The dehiscent fruit is a apocarpous monomerous follicle, which splits into three parts. ^[5] The strongly sculptured seed does not have a thick cuticular layer. ^[3]

Taxonomy

The type species is Trithuria submersaHook. f. ^{[2] [3]}

Species

It has three species: ^{[2] [3]}

• Trithuria bibracteata Stapf ex D.A.Cooke
• Trithuria occidentalis Benth.
• Trithuria submersa Hook.f.

Etymology

The section name Trithuria is derived from the Greek words τρεις treis meaning "three", and θυρις thyris meaning "window". It references the dehiscence of the fruit. ^{[6] [7]}

Distribution

Its species occur in Australia (Southwest Western Australia, Tasmania, and Southeast mainland Australia). ^[4]

Phylogeny

Trithuria sect. Trithuria split from Trithuria sect. Hydatella about 16 million years ago in the Early Miocene. ^{[1] [8]}

References

1. Iles, W. J., Lee, C., Sokoloff, D. D., Remizowa, M. V., Yadav, S. R., Barrett, M. D., ... & Graham, S. W. (2014). Reconstructing the age and historical biogeography of the ancient flowering-plant family Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales). BMC evolutionary biology, 14, 1-10.
2. Iles, W. J., Rudall, P. J., Sokoloff, D. D., Remizowa, M. V., Macfarlane, T. D., Logacheva, M. D., & Graham, S. W. (2012). Molecular phylogenetics of Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales): Sexual‐system homoplasy and a new sectional classification. American Journal of Botany, 99(4), 663-676.
3. Iles, W. J. D. (2013). The Phylogeny and Evolution of Two Ancient Lineages of Aquatic Plants (Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia).
4. Sokoloff, D. D., Remizowa, M. V., Macfarlane, T. D., Conran, J. G., Yadav, S. R., & Rudall, P. J. (2013). Comparative fruit structure in Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales) reveals specialized pericarp dehiscence in some early–divergent angiosperms with ascidiate carpels. Taxon, 62(1), 40-61.
5. Romanov, M. S., Bobrov, A. V. C., Iovlev, P. S., Roslov, M. S., Zdravchev, N. S., Sorokin, A. N., ... & Kandidov, M. V. (2024). Fruit and seed structure in the ANA‐grade angiosperms: Ancestral traits and specializations. American Journal of Botany, 111(1), e16264.
6. Hooker, Joseph Dalton, Fitch, W. H., & Reeve Brothers. (1844). The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843 :under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross (Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 78-79). Reeve Brothers. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28467263
7. Department for Environment and Water. (n.d.). Trithuria submersa (Hydatellaceae) | Seeds of South Australia - Species information. Retrieved July 26, 2023, from https://spapps.environment.sa.gov.au/SeedsOfSA/speciesinformation.html?rid=4619
8. Lin, Q. (2014). Using a low-copy nuclear gene (phosphoglycerate kinase; PGK) to explore the phylogeny of the aquatic plant family Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales) (Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia).