Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of pelagic fish, mostly from the family Scombridae. They are found in both temperate and tropical seas, mostly living along the coast or offshore in the oceanic environment.
Herring are various species of forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae.
Sardine and pilchard are common names for various species of small, oily forage fish in the herring suborder Clupeoidei. The term 'sardine' was first used in English during the early 15th century; a somewhat dubious etymology says it comes from the Italian island of Sardinia, around which sardines were once supposedly abundant.
The onefin catshark is a species of shark belonging to the family Pentanchidae, the deepwater catsharks. It is the only member of its genus, Pentanchus. It is known from two specimens collected from the Tablas Strait and Mindanao Sea off the Philippines in the Western Central Pacific. It is classified as harmless to humans and of least concern to the IUCN redlist.
Caecocypris basimi, the Haditha cavefish, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Iraq, only occurring in aquifers near Haditha. It is found in an underground sinkhole directly under a shrine the only way to access which is a well 5m below the shrine. This cavefish is the only member of its genus. The species is classed as Critically endangered, possibly extinct, by the IUCN, as there have been no records since 1983 despite a comprehensive survey in 2012. The primary threat is water extraction, which has lowered the groundwater level. It is placed as one of the top 10 lost freshwater fishes to be found.
The waterfall climbing cave fish, also known as the cave angel fish, is a species of troglobitic hillstream loach endemic to Thailand. It reaches a length of 2.8 centimetres (1.1 in) SL. This fish is known for its fins, which can grapple onto terrain, and its ability to climb. This fish is the only known member of its genus.
Typhlobarbus is a monospecific genus of freshwater, troglobitic ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the carps, barbs and allied fishes. The only species in the genus is Typhlobarbus nudiventris, a species endemic to Jianshui County in Yunnan, China. Like other cavefish, it lacks pigmentation and its eyes are degenerated. It is the only species in its genus. It reaches up to about 4.6 cm (1.8 in) in standard length.
Garra widdowsoni, commonly known as the Iraq blind barb or Haditha cave garra, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to underground water systems near Haditha in Iraq. Although traditionally placed in its own genus Typhlogarra, this is not supported by genetic evidence, leading to its move to genus Garra. This cavefish is considered critically endangered because of water extraction, which has lowered the groundwater level. Once abundant, a survey in 2012 found that it now was very rare. Another species from the same place, Caecocypris basimi, may already be extinct. The only other known cavefish in Iraq is Eidinemacheilus proudlovei.
Cavefish or cave fish is a generic term for fresh and brackish water fish adapted to life in caves and other underground habitats. Related terms are subterranean fish, troglomorphic fish, troglobitic fish, stygobitic fish, phreatic fish, and hypogean fish.
An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family Engraulidae. Most species are found in marine waters, but several will enter brackish water, and some in South America are restricted to fresh water.
Hyphalophis is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ophichthidae, the snake eels. The only member of this genus is Hyphalophis devius, a species known only from its holotype which was collected in the Lesser Antilles southwest of Grenada.
Papuengraulis is a monospecific genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Engraulidae, the anchovies. The only species in the genus is Papuengraulis micropinna, the littlefin anchovy, bareback anchovy or little anchovy. This species is fround from the Gulf of Papua in Papua New Guinea and in Northern Territory, Australia from the Keep River estuary to the East Alligator River.
Nemachilichthys is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemacheilidae, the stone loaches. The only species in the genus is Nemachilichthys rueppelli, the mongoose loach or Shimoga loach, a species endemic to the Western Ghats in Karnataka and Maharashtra.
Albulichthys is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family [[Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs, minnows and related fishes. The only member of the genus is Albulichthys albuloides, although the population on the mainland and the population on the islands of the Malay Archipelago may be different species.
Laocypris is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs, minnows and related fishes. The only species so far formally described in this genus is Laocypris hispida which is endemic to Laos, where there my be more than one species.
Neobarynotus is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs, minnows and related fishes. The only species in the gneus is Neobarynotus microlepis which is found in Southeast Asia.
Kryptoglanis shajii is a species of subterranean catfish found in subsurface waters in the Western Ghats in Kerala, India. This cavefish grows to a length of 5.9 centimetres (2.3 in) SL. It is currently the only known member of its genus and family. Although first discovered from underground waters, it has also been seen in dense vegetation in paddy fields and was found to be common in this habitat in the Chalakudy. The species strongly avoids light and feeds on small invertebrates.
The corsula is a species of ray-finned fish from the mullet family Mugilidae. It is found in the rivers and estuaries of southern Asia, in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar. It is presently regarded as the only species in the monospecific genus Rhinomugil.
The smooth handfish is a possibly extinct species of handfish in the genus Sympterichthys. It was likely endemic to waters off the coast of Tasmania, mainly the D’Entrecasteaux Channel. It was declared extinct by the IUCN Red List in 2020, marking the first entirely marine fish classified as such. However, in 2021 its status was changed to Data Deficient due to uncertainties over the exhaustiveness of the unsuccessful surveys to find this species. It is known only from its holotype collected by French explorers in 1802.
Troglonectes daqikongensis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemacheilidae, the stone loaches. This species was originally formally described as Oreonectes daqikongensis in 2016 by Huaiqing Deng, Huamei Wen, Ning Xiao and Jiang Zhou with its type locality given as a subterranean river in the Daqikong area of Libo County in Guizhou, China at 25°17'05.1"N, 107°44'54.3"E from an elevation of 488 m (1,601 ft). T. daqikongensis is known only from a single location but this location is protected and the population is stable, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature classify this species as Least Concern.
