Tygarrup anepipe

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Tygarrup anepipe
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Chilopoda
Order: Geophilomorpha
Family: Mecistocephalidae
Genus: Tygarrup
Species:
T. anepipe
Binomial name
Tygarrup anepipe
Verhoeff, 1939

Tygarrup anepipe is a species of soil centipede in the family Mecistocephalidae. [1] This centipede is found in Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. [1] This species features 45 pairs of legs and reaches only 20 mm in length. [2] This centipede is among the smallest species in the genus Tygarrup . [3]

Contents

Discovery and distribution

This species was first described in 1939 by the German zoologist Karl W. Verhoeff. [2] He based the original description of this species on specimens collected by the South African myriapodologist Reginald F. Lawrence between 1935 and 1939 on the island of Mauritius. [4] [5] One female syntype is deposited in the Natural History Museum in Vienna. [4] This species is found only in Mauritius. [1] [6] [5] [7]

Phylogeny

In 2003, a cladistic analysis of the family Mecistocephalidae based on morphology placed this species in a clade with a another species in the same genus also found in the Indian Ocean, T. javanicus, and an undescribed species of Tygarrup found in the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal. This study finds that these three similar species form a sister group for another species of Tygarrup found in the Himalayas, T. muminabadicus , which this analysis places on a more basal branch of a phylogenetic tree of the family Mecistocephalidae. [8] This evidence suggests that T. anepipe and T. javanicus are close relatives. Indeed, specimens of T. anepipe and T. javanicus are so similar that some authorities have suggested that these centipedes may belong to the same species. [5]

Description

The species T. anepipe can reach 20 mm in length. The basal element of each of the ultimate legs features two large pores above the edges of the adjacent sternum with 12 to 14 smaller pores scattered to the side. [2] This species exhibits many traits that characterize the genus Tygarrup. For example, like most species in this genus, T.anepipe features 45 leg pairs. [2] [3] [6] Furthermore, the clypeus lacks an areolate stripe down the middle, the pleurites on the side of the head lack setae, and the coxosternite of the first maxillae is divided down the middle by a longitudinal suture, but the coxosternite of the second maxillae is undivided. Moreover, the furrow on the sternum of each of the leg-bearing segments is not forked, and the ultimate legs are as slender in males as in females. [8] [9] [10]

This species shares a more extensive set of distinctive traits with the closely related species T.javanicus. For example, each of these species is small, reaching only 20 mm in length. [2] [6] Furthermore, in both species, the posterior margin of the dorsal plate on the head is straight rather than curved, the transverse suture on the head is uniformly curved, and the coxosternite of the first maxillae is more than twice as wide as long, with a width/length ratio falling in the range of 2.3 to 2.8. [8] [10]

These two species can be distinguished, however, based on other traits. For example, the third article of the forcipule features a tooth on the inner side in T. javanicus, but this tooth is virtually absent in T. anepipe. Furthermore, the lateral margins of the head converge strongly towards the rear in T. javanicus but converge only slightly in T. anepipe. [8] [10]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Bonato, L.; Chagas Junior, A.; Edgecombe, G.D.; Lewis, J.G.E.; Minelli, A.; Pereira, L.A.; Shelley, R.M.; Stoev, P.; Zapparoli, M. (2016). "Tygarrup anepipe Verhoeff, 1939". ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Retrieved 2025-09-04.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Verhoeff, Karl W. (1939). "Chilopoden der Insel Mauritius". Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik (in German). 72: 71–98.
  3. 1 2 Bonato, Lucio; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Zapparoli, Marzio (2011). "Chilopoda – Taxonomic overview". In Minelli, Alessandro (ed.). The Myriapoda. Volume 1. Leiden: Brill. pp. 363–443 [434]. ISBN   978-90-04-18826-6. OCLC   812207443.
  4. 1 2 Ilie, Victoria; Schiller, Edmund; Stagl, Verena (2009). Type specimens of the Geophilomorpha (Chilopoda) in the Natural History Museum Vienna (PDF). Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Myriapoda. Wien: Verl. des Naturhistorischen Museums. p. 38. ISBN   978-3-902421-33-3.
  5. 1 2 3 Bonato, Lucio; Minelli, Alessandro (2010). "The geophilomorph centipedes of the Seychelles (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha)" (PDF). Phelsuma. 18: 9–38.
  6. 1 2 3 Titova, Lidia P. (1981). "Two new Tygarrup Chamb. (Chilopoda, Geophilida, Mecistocephalidae) from Indochina". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie. 85: 147–156. ISSN   0255-0105. JSTOR   41766660.
  7. ↑ Negi, Diksha; Ahmed, Shakoor; Sambyal, Deepali; Stašiov, Slavomír; Julka, Jatinder Mohan (2025-01-01). "Distribution and abundance of a soil centipede, Tygarrup nepalensis Shinohara, 1965 (Mecistocephalidae: Geophilomorpha: Chilopoda) in a moist temperate forest in Northwest Himalaya". Folia Oecologica. 52 (1): 105–112. doi:10.2478/foecol-2025-0011. ISSN   1338-7014.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Bonato, Lucio; Foddai, Donatella; Minelli, Alessandro (2003). "Evolutionary trends and patterns in centipede segment number based on a cladistic analysis of Mecistocephalidae (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha)" . Systematic Entomology. 28 (4): 539–579. Bibcode:2003SysEn..28..539B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3113.2003.00217.x. ISSN   0307-6970.
  9. ↑ Uliana, Marco; Bonato, Lucio; Minelli, Alessandro (2007-01-22). "The Mecistocephalidae of the Japanese and Taiwanese islands (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha)" . Zootaxa. 1396 (1): 1–84 [68–69]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1396.1.1. ISSN   1175-5334.
  10. 1 2 3 Bonato, Lucio; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Lewis, John G. E.; Minelli, Alessandro; Pereira, Luis A.; Shelley, Rowland; Zapparoli, Marzio (2010-11-18). "A common terminology for the external anatomy of centipedes (Chilopoda)". ZooKeys (69): 17–51. Bibcode:2010ZooK...69...17B. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.69.737 . ISSN   1313-2970. PMC   3088443 . PMID   21594038.
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