Types of earthquake

This is a list of different types of earthquake.

A

• Aftershock, a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock. ^{[1] [2]}

B

• Blind thrust earthquake, an earthquake which occurs along a thrust fault that does not show signs on the Earth's surface. ^[3]

C

• Cryoseism, a seismic event that may be caused by a sudden cracking action in frozen soil or rock saturated with water or ice. ^[4]

D

• Deep-focus earthquake, also called a plutonic earthquake, an earthquake with a depth exceeding 70 kilometres (43 mi). ^[5]
• Doublet earthquake, an earthquake that consists of at least two or more mainshocks of nearly identical magnitude, separated by a period of time. ^[6]

E

• Earthquake swarm, events where a local area experiences sequences of many earthquakes striking in a relatively short period of time. ^[7]

F

• Foreshock, an earthquake that occurs before a larger seismic event (the mainshock) and is related to it in both time and space. ^[8]

H

• Harmonic tremor, a sustained release of seismic and infrasonic energy typically associated with the underground movement of magma, the venting of volcanic gases from magma, or both. ^[9]

I

• Induced seismicity, typically minor earthquakes and tremors that are caused by human activity that alters the stresses and strains on the Earth's crust. ^[10]
• Interplate earthquake, an earthquake that occurs at the boundary between tectonic plates. ^[11]
• Intraplate earthquake, an earthquake that occurs within the interior of a tectonic plate. ^{[12] [13]}

M

• Megathrust earthquake, an earthquake occurring at subduction zones at destructive convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced underneath another. ^[14]

R

• Remotely triggered earthquakes, a result of the effects of other earthquakes at considerable distance, outside of the immediate aftershock zones. ^[15]

S

• Slow earthquake, a discontinuous, earthquake-like event that releases energy over a period of hours to months, rather than the seconds to minutes characteristic of a typical earthquake. ^[16]
• Submarine earthquake, an earthquake that occurs underwater at the bottom of a body of water, especially an ocean. ^[17]
• Supershear earthquake, an earthquake in which the propagation of the rupture along the fault surface occurs at speeds in excess of the seismic shear wave (S-wave) velocity, causing an effect analogous to a sonic boom. ^[18]
• Strike-slip earthquake, an earthquake where two pieces of crust slide horizontally past each other. ^[19]

T

• Tsunami earthquake, an earthquake that triggers a tsunami of a magnitude that is very much larger than the magnitude of the earthquake as measured by shorter-period seismic waves. ^[20]

V

• Volcano tectonic earthquake, an earthquake induced by the movement (injection or withdrawal) of magma. ^[21]

References

1. Mulroy, Clare (December 20, 2022). "What is an aftershock? Learn about the smaller earthquakes impacting Turkey and Syria". USA Today . Retrieved February 29, 2024.
2. "Foreshocks, aftershocks – what's the difference?". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
3. "Blind Thrust Fault". United States Geological Survey. December 31, 2014. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
4. Prociv, Kathryn (February 3, 2023). "Arctic blast could trigger a rare weather phenomenon: Frost quakes". NBC News . Retrieved February 29, 2024.
5. "Determining the Depth of an Earthquake". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
6. Moshou, Alexandra; Konstantaras, Antonios; Argyrakis, Panagiotis; Petrakis, Nikolaos S.; Kapetanakis, Theodoros N.; Vardiambasis, Ioannis O. (July 25, 2022). "Data Management and Processing in Seismology: An Application of Big Data Analysis for the Doublet Earthquake of 2021, 03 March, Elassona, Central Greece". Applied Sciences. 12 (15): 7446. doi: 10.3390/app12157446 . ISSN   2076-3417.
7. Wei, Meng (2019). "Seismic Behavior on Oceanic Transform Faults at the East Pacific Rise". Transform Plate Boundaries and Fracture Zones. pp. 119–143. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-812064-4.00006-2. ISBN   978-0-12-812064-4. 'Earthquake swarms' typically refer to a cluster of moderate earthquakes that occur over a period of hours to days without a distinct mainshock. Earthquake swarms have first been recognized in areas of volcanism and linked to fluid-flow processes (Hill, 1977).
8. Gates, A.; Ritchie, D. (2006). Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Infobase Publishing. p. 89. ISBN   978-0-8160-6302-4 . Retrieved 29 November 2010.
9. Montegrossi, Giordano; Farina, Angiolo; Fusi, Lorenzo; De Biase, Antonietta (October 8, 2019). "Mathematical model for volcanic harmonic tremors". Nature Publishing Group . 9 (1) 14417. Bibcode:2019NatSR...914417M. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50675-2. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   6783453 . PMID   31594972.
10. Kalkan, E.; Gurbuz, C.; Zor, E. (December 2014). "The Usage of Correlation Method for Micro-Earthquake Analysis at Salavatlı Geothermal Area, Aydın, Turkey". American Geophysical Union . 2014: S51A–4392. Bibcode:2014AGUFM.S51A4392K – via Astrophysics Data System.
11. Bellam, Srigiri Shankar (August 2012). "Assessment of interplate and intraplate earthquakes" (PDF). Texas A&M University Libraries . Retrieved March 1, 2024.
12. Iwata, Tomotaka; Asano, Kimiyuki (2011). "Characterization of the Heterogeneous Source Model of Intraslab Earthquakes Toward Strong Ground Motion Prediction". Pure and Applied Geophysics. 168 (1–2): 117–124. Bibcode:2011PApGe.168..117I. doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0128-7. S2CID   140602323.
13. Senoa, Tetsuzo; Yoshida, Masaki (2004). "Where and why do large shallow intraslab earthquakes occur?". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 141 (3): 183–206. Bibcode:2004PEPI..141..183S. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2003.11.002.
14. "Questions and Answers on Megathrust Earthquakes". Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
15. Hough, Susan E. (January 1, 2005). "Remotely Triggered Earthquakes Following Moderate Mainshocks (or, Why California Is Not Falling into the Ocean)". GeoScienceWorld. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
16. Becker, Rachel (August 30, 2016). "Slow Earthquakes Are a Thing". Smithsonian Magazine . Retrieved March 1, 2024.
17. Fryer, Gerard. "How do undersea earthquakes cause tsunamis?". Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
18. Levy D. (December 2, 2005). "A century after the 1906 earthquake, geophysicists revisit 'The Big One' and come up with a new model". Press release. Stanford University. Archived from the original on January 29, 2008. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
19. Adams, Rick (August 2, 2019). "Earthquakes: What Is a Strike Slip Fault?". Spectrum News . Retrieved March 1, 2024.
20. Sun, Lin (August 2020). "Relationships between tsunami size and earthquake magnitude improved by fault parameters". ScholarSpace . Retrieved February 29, 2024.
21. "Volcanic Earthquakes". Pacific Northwest Seismic Network . Retrieved March 1, 2024.

External links

• Media related to Types of earthquake at Wikimedia Commons