Typhoon Orchid (1980)

Last updated
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

An area of disturbance formed near east of Guam. The system had indicated signs of tropical cyclone formation and when reconnaissance aircraft investigated the system, they were unable to detect any signs of deep convection. [2] According to sypnotic data, the system indicated that gale-force winds had existed. On September 1, the storm intensified into Tropical Depression 16W. On September 6, the now tropical depression had intensified into Tropical Storm Orchid. [3]

The first tropical storm warning for Orchid was issued on September 7 at 02:00 UTC. [4] Orchid soon entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility and had attained the name Toyang on September 8. [3] Orchid had also attained typhoon status the same day. Orchid exited the Philippine Area of Responsibility on September 10. [5]

On the 9th of September, Typhoon Orchid sank one of the largest British ships, the MV Derbyshire, which went down with 42 crew, as well as 2 crewman's wives, 230 miles (370 km) from Okinawa. [6] Orchid soon made course towards the island of Kyushu. It headed north within a current and helped Orchid make landfall in Kyushu on September 10.

After making landfall, Orchid fully transformed into its extratropical stage on September 11. It continued north into Primorsky Krai and into Vladivostok, but caused no known damage. [3] [5] Orchid dissipated 5 days later, on September 16.

Impact

Japan

Typhoon Orchid was the ninth tropical cyclone to strike Japan in the 1980 typhoon season. The storm killed six people in Kyushu and triggered devastating landslides on the country's main island of Honshu. The fruit and vegetable crops have sustained heavy damage from this. [7] More than 15,000 people were affected due to the devastating landslides and wind gusts. 400 families had no homes during the time. [8]

MV Derbyshire

The loss of MV Derbyshire was devastating for Britain, since the 91,000 ton carrier was the largest of its time and had resulted in the deaths of all 44 people on board. [9] The ship was headed for Kawasaki with iron ore from Sept-Îles, Canada on July 11, but never arrived. [10] [9] Senior Assistant General Secretary Steve Hedley said to RMT:

“RMT pay tribute to the forty-two seafarers and two passengers who lost their lives when the MV Derbyshire was overwhelmed by Typhoon Orchid south of Japan on this day in 1980. Members of the National Union of Seaman, many from the Derbyshire’s home city of Liverpool were amongst those lost and this remains the largest UK flagged ship lost during peacetime." [6]

Other ships

Ocean Container, which was being towed by tug ship Salvadore had its tug line separated due to tough waves just east of Shikoku, near Cape Shio. [4] The Bea Urivage, which carried 240,000 tons of crude oil had been anchored because of rippling waves. Luckily, the ship received only minor damage. [4] The Sea Hawk and the He Tian collided while anchored at Mutsure Island . The captain had died and the Sea Hawk sank, but everyone on both ships was rescued. [4] The He Tian had apparently drifted due to Orchid's gusty winds. The Ryojin off of Ise Bay had dragged the anchor of the ship and rammed the Hyundai a , but caused only minor damage.

Notes

  • ^a Not related to Hyundai Motor Company.

See also

Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)

Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2003 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Western Pacific Ocean

The 2003 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average yearlong period of tropical cyclogenesis exhibiting the development of 45 tropical depressions, of which 21 became named storms; of those, 14 became typhoons. Though every month with the exception of February and March featured tropical activity, most storms developed from May through October. During the season, tropical cyclones affected the Philippines, Japan, China, the Korean Peninsula, Indochina, and various islands in the western Pacific.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2002 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Western Pacific Ocean

The 2002 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average Pacific typhoon season, producing twenty-six named storms, fifteen becoming typhoons, and eight super typhoons. It had an ACE over 400 units, making it one of the most active seasons worldwide. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2002, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Tapah, developed on January 11, while the season's last named storm, Pongsona, dissipated on December 11. The season's first typhoon, Mitag, reached typhoon status on March 1, and became the first super typhoon of the year four days later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1999 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Western Pacific Ocean

The 1999 Pacific typhoon season was the last Pacific typhoon season to use English names as storm names. It also featured the lowest number of typhoons on record with only five reaching this intensity. The season was a below-average season with only 20 named storms spawning. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1999, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The first named storm, Hilda, developed on January 6, while the last named storm, Gloria, dissipated on November 16.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1994 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Western Pacific Ocean

The 1994 Pacific typhoon season was an extremely active season in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Western North Pacific, being the second most active season in the basin, only behind 1964. With a total of 36 tropical storms, where 20 of them reached typhoon strength and 6 further strengthening into super typhoons, during the course of the season, much like the Pacific hurricane season. The season had no official bounds and it ran year-round in 1994, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. Tropical storms that formed west of the date line were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The World Meteorological Organization-designated Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre for tropical cyclones for the region is the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that entered or formed in the Philippine area of responsibility were assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can result in some storms having two names.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1992 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Western Pacific Ocean

The 1992 Pacific typhoon season is the fourth consecutive above-average season, producing 31 tropical storms, 16 typhoons and five super typhoons. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1992. Despite this, most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1991 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Pacific Ocean

The 1991 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above-average season with 29 tropical storms, 17 typhoons and five super typhoons forming. It was quite a catastrophic season – Typhoon Yunya impacted the Philippines in mid June while in the same time experiencing a volcanic eruption, Typhoon Mireille severely impacting Japan, which became known for being the costliest typhoon on record with US$10 billion worths of damages, and Tropical Storm Thelma on November which became one of the deadliest storms to strike the Philippines, killing at least over 5,000 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1990 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Pacific Ocean

The 1990 Pacific typhoon season was another active season. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1990, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1987 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Pacific Ocean

The 1987 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season, though it featured a relatively high amount of typhoons. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1987, but most tropical cyclones formed between May and November. Tropical storms that formed in the entire basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1985 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Pacific Ocean

The 1985 Pacific typhoon season was an extremely active season in terms of tropical depressions, featuring 28 named storms, 15 typhoons and 1 super typhoon. It ran year-round, thus ending the two-season run which began in 1983 that only had tropical cyclones forming between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 57 tropical depressions formed this year, of which only 28 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. This made the season well above average. Additionally, tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility were assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names. This year, a total of 17 storms were named this way.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1984 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Pacific Ocean

The 1984 Pacific typhoon season had the second-latest start in the basin on record, only behind the previous year by one day. Despite this, it was above average in terms of named storms and featured many intense storms. It ran year-round in 1984, but again all tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 44 tropical depressions formed this year, of which only 27 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. This made the season above average when compared to the long term mean of 25 storms per season. Additionally, tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names. This year, a total of 20 storms were named this way.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1983 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in 1983 in the Pacific Ocean

The 1983 Pacific typhoon season was the latest start for a Pacific typhoon season on record, and also slightly below-average in terms of named storms. It ran year-round in 1983, but all tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 32 tropical depressions formed this year, of which only 23 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Additionally, tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names. This year, a total of 23 storms were named this way.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1982 Pacific typhoon season</span> 1982 typhoon season in the Pacific Ocean

The 1982 Pacific typhoon season was an average season in terms of total tropical storms, though it featured a very high amount of typhoons. It ran year-round in 1982, but most tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 37 tropical depressions formed this year, of which 25 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Additionally, tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names. This year, a total of 23 storms were named this way.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1980 Pacific typhoon season</span> Period of formation of tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific Ocean in 1980

The 1980 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly-below average season when compared to the long-term average, though it featured several intense storms. It ran year-round in 1980, but most tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 28 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 24 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Beginning in March, tropical cyclones formed in each subsequent month through December. Of the 24 named storms, 15 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 2 reached super typhoon strength.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1979 Pacific typhoon season</span> Period of formation of tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific Ocean in 1979

The 1979 Pacific typhoon season featured the largest and most intense tropical cyclone recorded globally, Typhoon Tip. The season also experienced slightly below-average tropical cyclone activity. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1979, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1978 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Northwestern Pacific ocean

The 1978 Pacific typhoon season was a very active season that produced 31 tropical storms, 16 typhoons and one intense typhoon. It ran year-round in 1978, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1970 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Pacific Ocean

The 1970 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1970, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1952 Pacific typhoon season</span> Typhoon season in the Pacific Ocean

The 1952 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Kujira (2003)</span> Pacific typhoon in 2003

Typhoon Kujira, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Amang, was a long-lived tropical cyclone that lasted for 16 days and affected the island nations of Micronesia, Taiwan, and Japan in April 2003, as well as the earliest typhoon in a calendar year to ever make landfall on the latter. Forming from a broad area of disturbed weather as a tropical depression on April 9 well removed from any landmasses, Kujira quickly intensified in its early stages, and was upgraded to a tropical storm just two days after cyclogenesis. Strengthening slowed afterwards, though the storm attained typhoon intensity on April 14. Intensification continued and late on April 15, Kujira reached its peak intensity with winds of 165 km/h (103 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 930 mbar. Following peak intensity, Kujira began to track northwest and oscillate in strength, cresting an additional two times in intensity. On April 21, the typhoon was downgraded to tropical storm intensity and began to track erratically for several days east of Taiwan. However, on April 24, Kujira resumed a northward track and begin to weaken, and on April 24 was downgraded to tropical depression strength as it made landfall on Kyushu. Following landfall Kujira transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and continued to persist before these extratropical remnants crossed the International Dateline towards the end of April 2003.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Songda (2004)</span> Pacific typhoon in 2004

Typhoon Songda, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Nina, was the fifth-costliest typhoon on record. The 18th named storm of the 2004 Pacific typhoon season, Songda developed on August 26 near the Marshall Islands. Following a path that Typhoon Chaba took nine days prior, Songda moved west-northwestward and strengthened quickly amid favorable conditions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Dinah (1987)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1987

Typhoon Dinah, known as Typhoon Luding in the Philippines, was the costliest tropical cyclone to form in the 1987 Pacific typhoon season. It also was the fourth typhoon to form during August 1987. An area of low pressure developed near Guam on August 19, and two days later, the low reached tropical storm intensity as it moved generally west. Intensification was initially gradual, with Dinah becoming a typhoon early on August 24, before it subsequently intensified at a faster pace. Dinah reached its highest strength on August 26 before turning northward on August 28 and into a less favorable conditions aloft, which prompted weakening. Dinah entered the Sea of Japan after passing near Okinawa on August 29, where Dinah leveled off in intensity. The system then began to recurve towards southwestern Japan, and after tracking through the area, Dinah transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on August 31, although the remnants could be traced for four more days as it approached the International Date Line.

References

  1. ↑ "List of websites and links of the enquiries of Derbyshire sinking". www.c4tx.org. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  2. ↑ Climatological Data: National summary. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Data Service, National Climatic Center. 1980.
  3. 1 2 3 "Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 198013 (ORCHID) - General Information (Pressure and Track Charts)". Agora. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Climatological Data: National summary. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Data Service, National Climatic Center. 1980.
  5. 1 2 "Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 198013 (ORCHID) - Disaster Information". Agora. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  6. 1 2 "RMT mourns loss of crew and safety rights on 40th anniversary of MV Derbyshire tragedy". RMT. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  7. ↑ "EARTHWEEK: A DIARY OF THE PLANET". Canberra Times. 1991-10-20. p. 21. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  8. ↑ "IN BRIEF". Canberra Times. 1980-09-12. p. 5. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  9. 1 2 "Derbyshire Sinking". 2001-08-13. Archived from the original on August 13, 2001. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  10. ↑ "Derbyshire". Shipwreck Log. 2017-04-04. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Typhoon Orchid (Toyang)
Typhoon Orchid sept 10 1980 2312Z.jpg
Orchid in the late night of September 10, nearing Kyūshū as a typhoon.