A Tōshō-gū (東照宮) is a Shinto shrine in which Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, is enshrined. [1] Tōshō-gūs are found throughout Japan.
The most well-known Tōshō-gū is the Nikkō Tōshō-gū located in Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture. [2] It is one of Japan's most popular destinations for tourists and is part of "Shrines and Temples of Nikkō" World Heritage Site. [3]
Ueno Tōshō-gū at Ueno Park in Tokyo is also widely known. [4] [5] The Kunōzan Tōshō-gū is in Shizuoka Prefecture and rivals Nikkō's for decorative splendor. [6] [7] Another one is the Nagoya Tōshō-gū, constructed in 1619. A Tōshō-gū can also be found at Miyanochō, in Sendai.
During the Edo period these shrines reached 500 in number, but after the Meiji Restoration many were abandoned, [8] and others united with shrines in the area. Presently, it is estimated that there are about 130 Tōshō-gū. [9] The National Tōshō-gū Association lists a total of 48 shrines. [10]
Ieyasu was deified with the name Tōshō Daigongen (東照大権現), meaning "Great Gongen, Light of the East" [11] (a gongen is a Buddha who has appeared on Earth in the form of a kami to save sentient beings), and this is what gives Tōshō-gū shrines their name.
Tochigi Prefecture is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Tochigi Prefecture has a population of 1,897,649 and has a geographic area of 6,408 km². Tochigi Prefecture borders Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Gunma Prefecture to the west, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the southeast.
Nikkō is a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. As of 2 December 2020, the city's population was 80,239, in 36,531 households. The population density was 55 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,449.83 square kilometres (559.78 sq mi).
Ueno Park is a spacious public park in the Ueno district of Taitō, Tokyo, Japan. The park was established in 1873 on lands formerly belonging to the temple of Kan'ei-ji. Amongst the country's first public parks, it was founded following the Western example as part of the borrowing and assimilation of international practices that characterizes the early Meiji period. The home of a number of major museums, Ueno Park is also celebrated in spring for its cherry blossoms and hanami. In recent times the park and its attractions have drawn over ten million visitors a year, making it Japan's most popular city park.
Nikkō Tōshō-gū (日光東照宮) is a Tōshō-gū Shinto shrine located in Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.
A gongen (権現), literally "incarnation", was believed to be the manifestation of a buddha in the form of an indigenous kami, an entity who had come to guide the people to salvation, during the era of shinbutsu-shūgō in premodern Japan. The words gonge (権化) and kegen (化現) are synonyms for gongen. Gongen shinkō (権現信仰) is the term for belief in the existence of gongen.
The Kunōzan Tōshō-gū (久能山東照宮) is a Shintō shrine in Suruga-ku in the city of Shizuoka in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is the original burial place of the first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu, and is thus the oldest of the Tōshō-gū shrines in the country. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on April 17, although its spring festival on February 17–18 is a larger event.
The Tottori Tōshō-gū (鳥取東照宮) is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Tottori, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. Until 2011, it was called the Ōchidani Jinja (樗谿神社). Four structures of the shrine, the Honden, Haiden and Heiden, and Karamon gate are designated National Important Cultural Properties. The surrounding area is a public park.
Sendai Tōshōgū (仙台東照宮) is the memorial shrine of Tokugawa Ieyasu in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Five of its buildings, all dating to 1654, have been designated Important Cultural Properties. The torii and gates were damaged in the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
Nagoya Tōshō-gū (名古屋東照宮) is a Shinto shrine located in central Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
Testament of Ieyasu, also known as Ieyasu precepts or Legacy of Ieyasu, was a formal statement made by Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Ueno Tōshō-gū (上野東照宮) is a Tōshō-gū Shinto shrine located in the Taitō ward of Tokyo, Japan.
Mito Tōshōgū (水戸東照宮) is the memorial shrine of Tokugawa Ieyasu in Mito, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.
Kishū Tōshō-gū (紀州東照宮) is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Wakayama Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines the deified first Shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu. It is also known as the Wakayama Tōshō-gū (和歌山東照宮)
The Serada Tōshō-gū (世良田東照宮) is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Ōta Gunma Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines the deified first Shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu. In the year 2000, it was one of the eleven sites connected with the Nitta-no-shō which were collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan.
Shiba Tōshō-gū (芝東照宮) is a Tōshō-gū Shinto shrine located in the Minato ward of Tokyo, Japan.
Hōraisan Tōshō-gū (鳳来山東照宮) is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Shinshiro, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines the deified first Shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Motoshirochō Tōshō-gū is a Shinto shrine in Chūō-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It was established in 1886, and its main festival is held annually on October 10. It is also sometimes known as the Hamamatsu Tōshō-gū
Hiroshima Tōshō-gū (広島東照宮) is a Shinto shrine in Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It is Tōshō-gū shrine, which enshrines the first Shōgun of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Tokugawa Ieyasu's Clock is a clock which was given to Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu of Japan by King Philip III of Spain in 1611. Built in 1573 or 1581, the clock is the oldest surviving clock in Japan and one of the few surviving clocks in the world of its era. Since Ieyasu's death, the clock has been stored at Kunōzan Tōshō-gū, and has since been designated as an Important Cultural Property with application to designate it as a National Treasure in Japan under consideration. A 2012 examination by the British Museum concluded that the clock is likely the only clock in the world of its era in which almost all of the internal parts remain as they were originally made.