USS Grampus (SS-523)

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Grampus (SS-523).jpg
History
Flag of the United States.svgUnited States
NameUSS Grampus (SS-523)
Builder Boston Navy Yard [1]
Laid down8 February 1944 [1]
Launched15 December 1944 [1]
Commissioned26 October 1949 [1]
Decommissioned13 May 1972 [1]
Stricken13 May 1972 [2]
FateTransferred to Brazil, 13 May 1972 [1]
History
Flag of Brazil (1968-1992).svgBrazil
NameRio Grande do Sul (S-11)
Acquired13 May 1972
Decommissioned16 November 1978
FateScrapped 1981
General characteristics (Completed as GUPPY II)
Class and type Tench-class diesel-electric submarine [2]
Displacement
  • 1,870 tons (1,900 t) surfaced [3]
  • 2,440 tons (2,480 t) submerged [3]
Length307 ft (94 m) [4]
Beam27 ft 4 in (8.33 m) [4]
Draft17 ft (5.2 m) [4]
Propulsion
Speed
  • Surfaced:
  • 18.0 knots (33.3 km/h) maximum
  • 13.5 knots (25.0 km/h) cruising
  • Submerged:
  • 16.0 knots (29.6 km/h) for ½ hour
  • 9.0 knots (16.7 km/h) snorkeling
  • 3.5 knots (6.5 km/h) cruising [3]
Range15,000 nm (28,000 km) surfaced at 11 knots (20 km/h) [4]
Endurance48 hours at 4 knots (7 km/h) submerged [4]
Test depth400 ft (120 m) [6]
Complement
  • 9–10 officers
  • 5 petty officers
  • 70 enlisted men [4]
Sensors and
processing systems
  • WFA active sonar
  • JT passive sonar
  • Mk 106 torpedo fire control system [4]
Armament

USS Grampus (SS-523), a Tench-class submarine, was the seventh ship of the United States Navy to be named for two members of the dolphin family (Delphinidae): Grampus griseus, also known as Risso's dolphin, and the orca, also known as the killer whale.

Contents

Construction and commissioning

Grampus′s keel was laid down on 8 February 1944 at the Boston Navy Yard in Boston, Massachusetts. She was launched on 16 December 1944, but World War II ended before she was completed, and she sat idle until construction resumed in 1948. On 26 October 1949, she was both christened — by her sponsor, Charlotte Linné Woodward, wife of Vice Admiral Clark H. Woodward, who also sponsored the previous USS Grampus (SS-207) and commissioned.

Operational history

1949-1966

With her new snorkeling equipment, which permitted her to remain submerged for periods far longer than the World War II fleet submarines, Grampus served as a prototype for the GUPPY submarines and also incorporated many features to appear later in nuclear submarines. Attached to SubDiv 61 at Norfolk, Virginia, she participated in a variety of exercises along the East Coast and in the Caribbean Sea, including torpedo and attack exercises, snorkeling tests and demonstrations, and antisubmarine training. Grampus also did a great deal of work with the early HUK (Hunter-Killer) antisubmarine patrols, now a vital part of American defenses, to whose development she greatly contributed.

From 5 January to 2 April 1955 Grampus proceeded independently to the Mediterranean Sea, where she "showed the flag" at Algiers, Naples, Barcelona, Malta, Beirut, Monaco, and Gibraltar before returning to Norfolk and her routine of exercises and tests, spaced with regular overhauls at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. During the late 1950s and early 1960s Grampus operated out of Norfolk in the North Atlantic.

Under the command of Lieutenant Commander D.A. Kilmer, Grampus sailed with Task Force "Alfa" for six weeks prior to 13 February 1964. On 3 April, she deployed with the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean Sea until 3 August.

She operated out of the Virginia Capes until entering Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in mid-April 1965 for overhaul. After refresher training and shakedown in the fall, Grampus operated along the East Coast engaging primarily in ASW exercises.

She departed Norfolk, Virginia, on 13 May 1966 for the eastern Atlantic and Northern European countries to participate in NATO ASW exercises. Back in Norfolk on 30 August, she resumed operations in the Virginia Capes area and Caribbean Sea until sailing 29 December to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for repairs in the naval shipyard. Shipshape again, she resumed operations with the Atlantic Fleet.

1967-1981 (Decommissioning and service for Brazil)

Grampus was decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 13 May 1972, and sold under the Security Assistance Program to Brazil, where was renamed Rio Grande do Sul (S-11). (She replaced the previous Rio Grande do Sul (S-11), ex-Sand Lance.) After six years of service, she was decommissioned on 16 November 1978 and scrapped on 18 June 1981.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Friedman, Norman (1995). U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 285–304. ISBN   1-55750-263-3.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775-1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 280–282. ISBN   0-313-26202-0.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Friedman, Norman (1994). U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 11–43. ISBN   1-55750-260-9.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 U.S. Submarines Since 1945 pp. 242
  5. ↑ U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 261.
  6. ↑ U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305-311
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