| Udeini | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Spilomelinae |
| Tribe: | Udeini Mally et al., 2019 [1] |
Udeini is a tribe in the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019.
The tribe is circumscribed by three synapomorphies: In the male genitalia, the depth of the central vertical split of the juxta is 10-60% of the juxta length. In the female genitalia, the colliculum, i.e. the posteriormost section of the ductus bursae, situated between the antrum and the attachment of the ductus seminalis, is strongly sclerotised. Furthermore, the corpus bursae usually bears an elongate rhombical, an ovate or an "ediacaroid" signum, named after the Ediacaran biota from the Neoproterozoic Era, which exhibit body shapes similar to the shape of the signum in Udeini. [1]
Udeini is one of the four so-called non-euspilomeline tribes, which share several plesiomorphic morphological characters with the sister group of Spilomelinae, the Pyraustinae. For example, female imagines of some species show a reduction of the frenular bristles in the wing coupling mechanism to only one bristle, e.g. in the Udea alpinalis and U. itysalis species groups (sensu [2] ).
The uncus shape in the male genitalia is very diverse, ranging from unicapitate in the Udea genus group (comprising Deana , Mnesictena , Tanaophysa , Udea and Udeoides ) to conical in Conchylodes , reduced to a triangle in Sisyracera and Ercta , or even reduced to a slim transverse band over the tegumen in the monotypic genus Cheverella . The Conchylodes genus group is characterised by hair-like monofilament chaetae on the uncus of the male genitalia, as opposed to the thick bifid chaetae present in most other Spilomelinae. The valva costa is slightly concave, with the ventral sacculus edge being parallel to the costa (which is inflated in Cheverella [3] ), and apical of the sacculus, the valva tapers towards a rounded apex. [1]
The female genitalia exhibit a strongly sclerotized antrum except for Cheverella, where it is weakly sclerotized. A membraneous appendix bursae is present in Conchylodes , Ercta and Sisyracera , which is attached to the anterior end of the corpus bursae in the former two genera, and to the posterior end in the latter genus. In all Udea species groups except the Udea ferrugalis group, an accessory signum is present in the conjunction of ductus bursae and corpus bursae. [1]
Species of Udeini feed on a broad spectrum of food plants. Some species like Udea rubigalis are highly polyphagous, feeding on plants from a wide variety of plant families. [4] The caterpillars of Mnesictena feed on Muehlenbeckia (Polygonaceae), Urtica and Australina (Urticaceae). [5] Conchylodes larvae have been recorded from Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Cordiaceae, Malvaceae and Platanaceae, [6] [7] and the caterpillars of Sisyracera and Cheverella are recorded from Boraginaceae. [8] [9] [3]
Several genera are geographically confined, e.g. Deana and Mnesictena to New Zealand, Udeoides to the Afrotropical realm and Sisyracera to the Neotropical realm. Udea on the other hand, with its 214 species, is found on every continent except Antarctica, [10] and members of the Udea ferrugalis species group are especially abundant on oceanic islands. [2]
Nine genera, altogether comprising 262 species, are currently placed in Udeini: [10]
The name Udeini was proposed by Patrice Leraut in 1997 in Pyraustinae. [11] However, the proposed name was not accompanied by a description to differentiate the taxon, and therefore lacking a requirement issued by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature in their article 13.1 for names published after 1930. [12]
The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies include brightly coloured and patterned insects which rest in wing-spread attitudes.
Spilomelinae is a very species-rich subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. With 4,135 described species in 344 genera worldwide, it is the most speciose group among pyraloids.
Conchylodes is a genus of snout moths in the family Crambidae. The genus comprises 21 species and is placed in the tribe Udeini.
Hydropionea is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The 13 described species are distributed in Central and South America.
Mnesictena is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae, where it is placed in the tribe Udeini. The genus was erected by the English entomologist Edward Meyrick in 1884. The currently known seven species are exclusively found on New Zealand and the associated Antipodes Islands and Chatham Islands.
Udea is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. The genus was erected by Achille Guenée in 1845. The currently known 215 species are present on all continents except Antarctica. About 41 species are native to Hawaii.
Lygropia is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. It currently comprises 66 species, which are mostly found in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia, but not in Australia.
Sisyracera is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. It was described in 1890 by Heinrich Benno Möschler with Leucinodes preciosalis as type species, now considered a synonym of Sisyracera subulalis. The genus has been placed in the tribe Udeini.
Terastia is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1854 with Terastia meticulosalis as type species. The genus is currently placed in the tribe Margaroniini, where it is closely related to the genera Agathodes and Liopasia.
Tetracona is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. The genus was described by Edward Meyrick in 1884 with Aediodes amathealisWalker, 1859 as type species.
Hydririni is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae.
Lineodini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the snout moth family Crambidae.
Wurthiini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae.
Herpetogrammatini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019.
Asciodini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019.
Trichaeini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019.
Steniini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Achille Guenée in 1854.
Conchylodes graphialis is a species of snout moth in the tribe Udeini of the subfamily Spilomelinae. It was described by William Schaus in 1912 based on material collected in Costa Rica.
Cheverella is a monotypic genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Cheverella galapagensis, which is endemic to the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador. Both the genus and the species were first described by Bernard Landry in 2011. The genus is placed in the tribe Udeini.
Portentomorphini is a tribe of the subfamily Pyraustinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was initially erected by Hans Georg Amsel in 1956.