Pyraustinae

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Pyraustinae
Eurrhypara hortulata (Edkins).jpg
Small magpie, Anania hortulata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Crambidae
Subfamily: Pyraustinae
Meyrick, 1890
Genera

See text

Pyraustinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes about 1,280 species [1] Most of them tropical but some found in temperate regions including both North America and Europe.

Contents

The Pyraustinae were originally including the Spilomelinae; the present group was at that time considered a tribe Pyraustini. It has not been fully established yet which taxa of the Pyraustinae sensu lato belong to Pyraustinae as currently understood; thus the number of species in this subfamily is set to increase (although the Spilomelinae are the larger group of the old Pyraustinae).

Taxonomists' opinions differ as to the correct placement of the Crambidae, some authorities treating them as a subfamily (Crambinae) of the family Pyralidae. If this is done, Pyraustinae is usually treated as a separate subfamily within Pyralidae.

Pyraustinae are currently subdivided into three tribes: Euclastini, Portentomorphini and Pyraustini. [2]

The Pyraustinae are characterised by atrophied spinula and venulae in the tympanal organs; a narrow fornix tympani; a longitudinal groove with androconial scales on the male mesothoracic tibiae; an often spinose antrum; and a sella (a medially directed clasper on the inside of the valvae), and an editum with modified setae on the male valvae.

Many species have larvae that bore into stems and fruit of plants, and several, notably from the genus Ostrinia , are serious agricultural pests.

Life cycle

Life cycle of Saucrobotys futilalis

Pyraustinae taxonomy

Pyraustinae currently comprise 171 genera: [1]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spilomelinae</span> Subfamily of moths

Spilomelinae is a very species-rich subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. With 4,135 described species in 344 genera worldwide, it is the most speciose group among pyraloids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crambinae</span> Subfamily of moths

Crambinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes over 1,800 species worldwide. The larvae are root feeders or stem borers, mostly on grasses. A few species are pests of sod grasses, maize, sugar cane, rice, and other Poaceae. The monophyly of this group is supported by the structure of the tympanal organs and the phallus attached medially to the juxta, as well as genetic analyses.

<i>Omiodes</i> Genus of moths

Omiodes is a moth genus in the family Crambidae. Several species are endemic to Hawaii.

<i>Anania</i> (moth) Genus of moths

Anania is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1823.

<i>Glyphodes</i> Genus of moths

Glyphodes is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854.

<i>Herpetogramma</i> Genus of moths

Herpetogramma is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae described by Julius Lederer in 1863. It currently comprises 106 species that are found in North America, Eurasia, Australia, New Zealand, Central and South America. Of the few species where host plants are known, the larvae mostly feed on grasses.

<i>Udea</i> Genus of moths

Udea is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. The genus was erected by Achille Guenée in 1845. The currently known 216 species are present on all continents except Antarctica. About 41 species are native to Hawaii.

<i>Lygropia</i> Genus of moths

Lygropia is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. It currently comprises 66 species, which are mostly found in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia, but not in Australia.

<i>Pyrausta</i> (moth) Genus of moths

Pyrausta is a speciose genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802.

<i>Palpita</i> Genus of moths

Palpita is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Members of the moth genus Stemorrhages may be very similar in appearance.

<i>Placosaris</i> Genus of moths

Placosaris is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Pyraustinae of the family Crambidae. It is placed in the tribe Pyraustini.

<i>Syllepte</i> Genus of moths

Syllepte is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acentropinae</span> Subfamily of moths

Acentropinae is a fairly small subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. Species of this subfamily are exclusively found in wetlands and aquatic habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Odontiinae</span> Subfamily of moths

Odontiinae is a subfamily of moths of the family Crambidae. The subfamily was described by Achille Guenée in 1854.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agroterini</span> Tribe of moths

Agroterini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Alexandre Noël Charles Acloque in 1897.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Margaroniini</span> Tribe of moths

Margaroniini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Charles Swinhoe and Everard Charles Cotes in 1889, originally as family Margaronidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spilomelini</span> Tribe of moths

Spilomelini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Achille Guenée in 1854.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herpetogrammatini</span> Tribe of moths

Herpetogrammatini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asciodini</span> Tribe of moths

Asciodini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nomophilini</span> Tribe of moths

Nomophilini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Vladimir Ivanovitsch Kuznetzov and Alexandr A. Stekolnikov in 1979.

References

  1. 1 2 Nuss, Matthias; Landry, Bernard; Mally, Richard; Vegliante, Francesca; Tränkner, Andreas; Bauer, Franziska; Hayden, James; Segerer, Andreas; Schouten, Rob; Li, Houhun; Trofimova, Tatiana; Solis, M. Alma; De Prins, Jurate; Speidel, Wolfgang (2003–2023). "Global Information System on Pyraloidea (GlobIZ)" . Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  2. ↑ Mally, Richard; Hayden, James E.; Neinhuis, Christoph; Jordal, Bjarte H.; Nuss, Matthias (2019). "The phylogenetic systematics of Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) inferred from DNA and morphology" (PDF). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny. 77 (1): 141–204. doi:10.26049/ASP77-1-2019-07. ISSN   1863-7221.
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