Union was launched at Calcutta in 1801. She sailed to England and then made five voyages as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC), between 1805 and 1814. She was wrecked in late 1815 or early 1816.
The EIC announced the sale on 30 April 1802 of 1,300 bags of rice that had come from Bengal on Georgiana in private trade. The sale of Georgiana's rice was to follow the sale that day of 27,000 bags of rice for the EIC's account that the East Indiamen Ganges, Cornwallis, Medway, and Union had brought.[7]
She appears in Lloyd's Register in 1802 with Marshall, master, White & Co., owner, and trade London–India.[2] She was admitted to the Registry of Great Britain on 21 May 1802.[8]
On Union's return to Bengal, Captain William Marshall purchased Sir William Pulteney, which he tendered to the EIC for a voyage to England. The EIC accepted the tender, and then accepted Union too, which Marshall now owned. Marshall appointed his First Mate on Union, William Stokoe, to command of her, and took command of Sir William Pulteney.[9]
EIC voyage #1 (1804)
On Union's first voyage for the EIC Captain William Stokoe sailed from Calcutta on 17 January 1804, bound for England. Union was at Saugor on 8 March. She sailed in company with Sir William Pulteney and reached St Helena on 28 June.
Union sailed from St Helena on 9 July in company with Sir William Pulteney and a third EIC "extra" ship, Eliza Ann. The Governor of St Helena, Colonel Robert Patton, permitted them to sail without escort. (Had he held them until a convoy had formed, the EIC would have been liable for hefty demurrage charges.) Captain Mungo Gilmore, of Eliza Ann, was the senior captain and Patton appointed him to command the group.
At daylight on 22 August, the Indiamen sighted a French privateer brig that sailed towards them and engaged Union, which was the leading ship. The engagement lasted about 20 minutes and the French vessel surrendered at 48°5′N13°0′W / 48.083°N 13.000°W / 48.083; -13.000 after Eliza Ann and Sir William Pulteney came up. The privateer was Venus, and she was armed with sixteen 4, 8, & 12-pounder guns. She had a crew of 73 men (of whom five were away on prizes), under the command of Lieutenant Pierre Henri Nicholas Benamy of the French Navy. In the engagement Venus had lost one man killed and had two men seriously wounded.[10] (Union had two men wounded.[9]) She also had on board five men from a prize crew that HMSWasp had put on a Spanish vessel that Venus had recaptured. The Indiamen divided up the French prisoners among them. The next evening, west of Scilly, Venus parted from the Indiamen and headed for a British port.[10][lower-alpha 1]
Sir William Pulteney, Eliza Ann, and Union arrived at The Downs on 2 September.[1]Venus arrived at Deal on 24 September.[12][lower-alpha 2]
William Marshall apparently sold both Sir William Pulteney and Union in England. The EIC then engaged Union as an extra ship for four voyages.[13] At the time they had her repaired by Brent and measured.[1] (It also engaged Sir William Pulteney for six voyages.[13])
EIC voyage #2 (1805–1807)
Captain Arthur Muter acquired a letter of marque on 6 July 1805. He sailed from Falmouth on 11 August, bound for Madras and Bengal. Union was at Cork on 1 September and Madeira on 29 September.
Union was one of the EIC vessels that were part of the expedition under General Sir David Baird and Admiral Sir Home Riggs Popham that would in 1806 capture the Dutch Cape Colony. They would carry supplies and troops to the Cape, and then continue on their voyages.
By April Union was at Madras. At Madras, the captains of the eight East Indiamen in the convoy joined together to present Captain George Byng, of Belliqueux, a piece of silver plate worth £100 as a token of appreciation for his conduct while they were under his orders. Byng wrote his thank you letter to them on 24 April.[15]
By July Union was at Calcutta. She returned to her moorings on 15 April 1807.[1]
Union reached Madras on 16 February 1808. She arrived at Bombay on 7 April. Homeward bound, she reached St Helena on 30 September, and arrived at the Downs on 12 December.[1]
EIC voyage #4 (1809–1810)
Captain Gaillard sailed from Portsmouth on 7 July 1809, bound for Bombay. Union was at Madeira on 19 July and arrived at Bombay on 24 November. Homeward bound, she was at Point de Galle on 20 February 1810. She reached St Helena on 3 May and arrived at The Downs on 6 July.[1]
EIC voyage #5 (1811–1812)
Captain James Fairfax replaced Gaillard, who had resigned because of ill health. Fairfax acquired a letter of marque on 15 March 1811.[4] However, Union sailed from Portsmouth on 12 March, bound for St Helena and Bengal. Union reached St Helena on 30 May, and arrived at Diamond Harbour on 18 September. Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 27 October, and left on 16 December. She reached St Helena on 4 March 1812 and arrived at The Downs on 15 May.[1]
The EIC then engaged Union for a fifth voyage.[13]
EIC voyage #6 (1813–1814)
Captain William Younghusband acquired a letter of marque on 19 February 1813.[4] He sailed from Portsmouth on 20 April 1813, bound for Madras and Bengal. Union was at Madeira on 13 May and reached Madras on 6 September. She arrived at Diamond Harbour on 15 October and Calcutta on 21 October. Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 9 December and left on 5 January 1814. She reached Madras on 13 January, the Cape on 28 March, and St Helena on 19 May. She arrived at The Downs on 6 August.
Union returned to Calcutta. She was sold there late in 1816, and Younghusband and his crew were paid off.[17]
Fate
Although it is clear that Union foundered, there is disagreement over when and where. Part of the problem is that Union was a common name, and several vessels by that name were lost in 1815 in the East Indies. By one report Union foundered in the Indian Ocean in November 1815.[6] A second report has Union, Barker, master, from Bengal to Batavia, Netherlands East Indies and an English port, lost around November 1815, about a month after leaving Bengal.[18] By a third account she was lost the same year, but at Enggano Island, off Sumatra.[3] An account of her loss links Union, Barker, master, with Enggano.
Union, Captain Barker, left Bengal in December 1815, bound for Batavia, and nothing was heard of her for some 16 months. Eventually a crewman arrived at Fort Marlborough and reported that she had wrecked on Enggano. Many of her crew remained on the wreck and died. Her master, three officers, two gunners, one European passenger, and several other people had succeeded in getting to shore. There the inhabitants took them prisoner, stripped them naked, divided them into three groups, and put them to hard labour. The ship Good Hope, with a surgeon and a party of troops had been dispatched from Fort Marlborough to rescue the prisoners.[19]
Another account states that the seaman who escaped was a native of Batavia, and that he escaped with two lascars. He reported that about 50 men had survived the wrecking. The escapees stole two canoes that they tied together and succeeded in reaching Crooe,[lower-alpha 3] from where they were forwarded to Fort Marlborough, where they arrived in January 1817. The rescue party in Good Hope traded a variety of articles with the inhabitants for the captives.[20]
Yet another account gives the name of Good Hope's master as John Napier. It states that Barker, his officers, and most of the crew died from the treatment they received.[21]
Notes
↑ French records show Venus as a brig built at Nantes in 1799-1800 and commissioned as a privateer in August 1803. She supposedly was armed with ten 4-pounder and two 2-pounder guns, and two 8-pounder carronades. On her cruise in 1803 she was under the command of Captain Hamon.[11]
↑ Venus may have become the whalerVenus that Daniel Bennett & Son employed between 1805 and 1811.
Northampton, was a three-decker merchant ship launched in 1801 upon the River Thames, England. She made eight voyages to India as an extra (chartered) ship for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1801 and 1819. During the same period she made one separate trip transporting convicts from Britain to New South Wales, followed by a voyage for the EIC from China back to England. In 1820 she carried settlers to South Africa. She is last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1822.
Sir William Bensley was launched in 1802 as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). Between 1802 and 1813 she made six voyages for the EIC. Her owners sold her and she became a transport. During this time she repelled an American privateer in a single-ship action. She made one voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales (1816–1817). She continued to trade until 1841 when she wrecked at Nova Scotia.
Northumberland was launched in 1805. She made six voyages as an extra ship of the British East India Company (EIC), between 1805 and 1818. In 1810 and 1811 she served as a transport in the British invasions of Mauritius and Java. She was sold for breaking up in 1819.
Airly Castle, was built by William Barnard at Deptford and launched in 1787. She made eight voyages as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1788 and 1808. In 1795 she participated in the capture of seven Dutch East Indiamen near St Helena. After her eight voyages she may have served briefly as a general transport before she was sold for breaking up in 1810. She was not broken up but instead served as a transport for several years.
Eliza Ann was launched at Calcutta in 1795. She sailed to England where she was admitted to the Registry. In all, she made five voyages for the British East India Company (EIC), during one of which she participated in a notable action and during the last of which she captured a French privateer. She herself was lost in 1807.
Streatham was launched in 1805 as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). She made seven voyages for the EIC. On her second voyage the French captured her, but the British Royal Navy recaptured her some months later. She was broken up in 1821.
Lord Keith was launched in 1804 by and for Peter Everitt Mestaer. He chartered her to the East India Company (EIC) for six voyages, and she then went on to make another two voyages for the EIC. On her second voyage, and unusually for an East Indiaman, she participated in the proceeds for the recapture of a former British Royal Navy brig and possibly in a skirmish with a French ship. On her third voyage she participated in a notable action. She was broken up c.1820.
Jane, Duchess of Gordon was launched in 1805 as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). She made one complete voyage for the EIC and then foundered while homeward bound on the second.
Preston was launched in 1798 as an East Indiaman. She made six voyages for the British East India Company (EIC), between 1805 and 1819. In 1810 and 1811 she participated as a transport in two British military campaigns. She was sold for breaking up in 1812 but instead became a transport and a West Indiaman. She disappeared after a gale in August 1815.
William Pitt was launched in 1805 as an East Indiaman. She made seven voyages for the British East India Company (EIC), between 1805 and 1819. In 1810 and 1811 she participated as a transport in two British military campaigns. She was sold for breaking up in 1820.
Union was an East Indiaman that made eight voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) between her launching in 1803 and her sale for breaking up in 1819.
Lord Castlereagh was launched on the Thames in 1802 as an East Indiaman She made seven voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) before she was sold in 1820. She then may have sailed one or twice to Bombay under license from the EIC. Her subsequent disposition is currently obscure.
Lord Hawkesbury was launched in 1787 as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). She made eight voyages for the EIC before she was sold in 1808 for breaking up.
Manship was launched in 1785 as an East Indiaman. She made six voyages as a "regular ship" for the British East India Company (EIC). In June 1795 Manship shared with several other Indiamen and the Royal Navy in the capture of eight Dutch East Indiamen off St Helena. Her owners sold her in 1801 and she then made one voyage for the EIC as an "extra ship" on a voyage charter. Her owners sold her to the British government in 1803 for use as a powder hulk.
Glory was an East Indiaman launched in 1802. She made two complete voyages as an "extra ship" for the British East India Company (EIC) before she disappeared in November 1808 while homeward bound from her third voyage. On her second voyage she participated in the British expedition to capture the Cape of Good Hope.
Sir William Pulteney was launched in 1803 at Calcutta as a country ship She sailed to England on a voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) and her owner sold her there. The EIC then engaged her as an "extra ship" for six voyages as an East Indiaman to India and back. She was sold in 1817.
Sarah Christiana was launched in 1798. She made one voyage as an "extra ship" for the British East India Company (EIC). She then made a voyage to Jamaica. On her return, the EIC engaged her for four more voyages as an East Indiaman. In 1810 she was sold and became a West Indiaman. She was broken up in 1828.
Harriet was a two-decker East Indiaman launched in 1802. She made five complete voyages for the British East India Company (EIC), as an "extra ship" i.e., under charter, and accidentally burnt as she was preparing to return to England from her sixth voyage.
Thomas Grenville was an East Indiaman launched at the Bombay Dockyard for the British East India Company (EIC), and one of only a handful of East Indiamen that it actually owned. She made 14 voyages for the EIC. It sold her in 1834 when it gave up its maritime activities. She was sold for a free trader and burnt in Bombay in June 1843 in a suspicious fire.
Devaynes was launched in 1802 and made six voyages as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). She then made one more round-trip to India, sailing under a license from the EIC. She was condemned at Bengal in 1817 on a second licensed voyage to Bengal.
References
Demerliac, Alain (2003). La Marine du Consulat et du Premier Empire: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1800 A 1815 (in French). Éditions Ancre. ISBN2-903179-30-1.
Hackman, Rowan (2001). Ships of the East India Company. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN0-905617-96-7.
Horsburgh, James (1841). India Directory, Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, Cape of Good Hope, Brazil, and the Interjacent Ports. Vol.1. W. H. Allen.
Phipps, John (1840). A Collection of Papers Relative to Ship Building in India ...: Also a Register Comprehending All the Ships ... Built in India to the Present Time ... Scott.
House of Commons, Parliament, Great Britain (1814). Minutes of the Evidence Taken Before the Select Committee on Petitions Relating to East-India-Built Shipping. H.M. Stationery Office.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Selections from Calcutta Gazettes of the years ... (1869) O. T. Cutter, Military Orphan Press [ab Bd. 3:] Office of Superintendent Government Printing.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
United Kingdom
