United Nations Security Council Resolution 1671

UN Security Council ; Resolution 1671
Date	25 April 2006
Meeting no.	5,421
Code	S/RES/1671 (Document)
Subject	The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Voting summary	15 voted for; None voted against; None abstained
Result	Adopted
Security Council composition
Permanent members	China ; France ; Russia ; United Kingdom ; United States ;
Non-permanent members	Argentina ; Rep. of the Congo ; Denmark ; Ghana ; Greece ; Japan ; Peru ; Qatar ; Slovakia ; Tanzania ;

Last updated April 01, 2019

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1671, adopted unanimously on April 25, 2006, after recalling previous resolutions concerning the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, particularly resolutions 1565 (2004), 1592 (2005), 1621 (2005) and 1635 (2005), the Council authorised the deployment of the European Union's EUFOR RD Congo force to assist the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) during the 2006 general elections.^[1]

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that was tasked to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international co-operation and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. The headquarters of the UN is in Manhattan, New York City, and is subject to extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development and upholding international law. The UN is the largest, most familiar, most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world. In 24 October 1945, at the end of World War II, the organization was established with the aim of preventing future wars. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The UN is the successor of the ineffective League of Nations.

A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security".

The Democratic Republic of the Congo, also known as DR Congo, the DRC, DROC, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo, is a country located in Central Africa. It is sometimes anachronistically referred to by its former name of Zaire, which was its official name between 1971 and 1997. It is, by area, the largest country in Sub-Saharan Africa, the second-largest in all of Africa, and the 11th-largest in the world. With a population of over 78 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country, the fourth-most-populated country in Africa, and the 16th-most-populated country in the world. Currently, eastern DR Congo is the scene of ongoing military conflict in Kivu, since 2015.

Resolution

Observations

In the preamble of the resolution, the Council praised the Democratic Republic of the Congo for the holding of a referendum for a draft constitution that entered into force on February 18, 2006. It stated that to achieve lasting peace and stability, the holding of elections was necessary and the rule of law had to be restored.

A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity, and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.

The rule of law is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as: "The authority and influence of law in society, especially when viewed as a constraint on individual and institutional behavior; (hence) the principle whereby all members of a society are considered equally subject to publicly disclosed legal codes and processes." The phrase "the rule of law" refers to a political situation, not to any specific legal rule.

The intention of the European Union to deploy a mission to support MONUC was welcomed by Security Council members.^[3]

Acts

Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council authorised the deployment of the European Union mission supporting MONUC for a period of four months after the date of the first presidential and parliamentary elections.^[4] It would concentrate in the capital Kinshasa (allowing MONUC to focus on the east of the country) and have elements outside the country and would be subject to a mandate extension beyond September 30, 2006, in conjunction with MONUC.^[5] The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was to inform the Council on the Congolese authorities timetable for the elections.

Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace and security".

Kinshasa is the capital and the largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is situated alongside the Congo River.

In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organization to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organization.

EUFOR RD Congo was authorised to take the following measures:^[6]

(a) assist MONUC in difficult situations to prevent them from escalating;

(b) protect the population under immediate threat of danger;

(c) contribute to the protection of N'djili Airport in Kinshasa;

(d) ensure the safety and freedom of movement of personnel and facilities of EUFOR RD Congo;

(e) conduct limited operations to extract individuals from danger.

The arms embargo and other sanctions applied in resolutions 1493 (2003) and 1596 (2005) would not apply to the operation. The Congolese government and European Union were urged to conclude a status of forces agreement. Regional states were also asked to provide support, and MONUC was authorised to provide necessary logistical support.

Finally, all Congolese parties were urged to uphold their commitment to a democratic process.^[7]

Related Research Articles

The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or MONUSCO, an acronym based on its French name, is a United Nations peacekeeping force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) which was established by the United Nations Security Council in resolutions 1279 (1999) and 1291 (2000) of the United Nations Security Council to monitor the peace process of the Second Congo War, though much of its focus subsequently turned to the Ituri conflict, the Kivu conflict and the Dongo conflict. The mission was known as the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo or MONUC, an acronym of its French name Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en République démocratique du Congo, until 2010.

Operation Artemis, formally European Union Force (EUFOR) Democratic Republic of the Congo, was a short-term European Union-led UN-authorised military mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Ituri conflict. ARTEMIS is considered the first military operation led by the EU, the first autonomous EU operation, the first rapid response mission of the EU, first operation outside Europe, first operation applying the principle of the framework nation and first example of "relay operation", conducted in cooperation between the EU and the United Nations. The deployment of EUFOR troops quickly decreased the conflict's intensity. It marked the first autonomous EU military mission outside Europe and an important milestone in development of the European Security and Defence Policy.

EUFOR RD Congo was a short European Union deployment in 2006 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. On 25 April 2006, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1671 (2006), authorising the temporary deployment of a European Union force to support the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) during the period encompassing the general elections in the DR Congo, which began on 30 July 2006.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1925 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1925, adopted unanimously on May 28, 2010, after reaffirming previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until June 30, 2010, authorised a withdrawal of 2,000 troops and decided that from July 1, 2010, MONUC would be known as the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) with a mandate until June 30, 2011.

United Nations Security Council resolution 1279, adopted unanimously on 30 November 1999, after recalling resolutions 1234 (1999), 1258 (1999) and 1273 (1999) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council established the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) for an initial period until 1 March 2000.

United Nations Security Council resolution 1332, adopted unanimously on 14 December 2000, after recalling resolutions 1234 (1999), 1258 (1999), 1265 (1999), 1273 (1999), 1279 (1999), 1291 (2000), 1296 (2000), 1304 (2000) and 1323 (2000) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 15 June 2001.

United Nations Security Council resolution 1376, adopted unanimously on 9 November 2001, after recalling all previous resolutions on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council supported the third phase of the deployment of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC).

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1417 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1417 extended the mandate of the United Nations Organisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until June 30, 2003. It was unanimously adopted by the United Nations Security Council on June 14, 2002, at its 4,554th meeting. Resolution 1417 was passed after the Security Council recalled its previous resolutions regarding the matter, particularly Resolution 1355 (2001).

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1445 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council resolution 1445 was adopted unanimously on 4 December 2002. After recalling all previous resolutions on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council expanded the military component of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) to a level of 8,700 military personnel–up from 4,250–in two task forces.

United Nations Security Council resolution 1468, adopted unanimously on 20 March 2003, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council welcomed an agreement on the establishment of a transitional government and requested an increased presence of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) in the Ituri region in the east of the country amid escalating violence.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1484 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1484, adopted unanimously on 30 May 2003, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council authorised Operation Artemis in Bunia, the capital of Ituri Province, amid the deteriorating security situation in the area.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1493 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council resolution 1493, adopted unanimously on 28 July 2003, after recalling all resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 30 July 2004 and raised its troop level from 8,700 to 10,800.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1501 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council resolution 1501, adopted unanimously on 26 August 2003, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, particularly resolutions 1484 (2003) and 1493 (2003), authorised countries participating in Operation Artemis in Bunia to assist the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) as it was deployed around the town.

United Nations Security Council resolution 1565, adopted unanimously on 1 October 2004, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 31 March 2005 and authorised an additional deployment of 5,900 troops and police.

United Nations Security Council resolution 1592, adopted unanimously on 30 March 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including Resolution 1565 (2004), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 1 October 2005.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1621 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council resolution 1621, adopted unanimously on 6 September 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1565 (2004) and 1592 (2005), the Council authorised the temporary increase in the strength of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) to assist with upcoming elections.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1635 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council resolution 1635, adopted unanimously on 28 October 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1565 (2004), 1592 (2005), 1596 (2005), 1621 (2005) and 1628 (2005), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 30 September 2006.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1693 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1693, adopted unanimously on June 30, 2006, after recalling all previous resolutions concerning the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1565 (2004), 1592 (2005), 1596 (2005), 1621 (2005), 1628 (2005), 1635 (2005) and 1671 (2006), the Council extended the temporary increase in the size of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until September 30, 2006.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1711 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1711, adopted unanimously on September 29, 2006, after recalling all previous resolutions concerning the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1565 (2004), 1592 (2005), 1596 (2005), 1621 (2005), 1628 (2005), 1635 (2005), 1671 (2006) and 1693 (2006), and resolutions 1650 (2005), 1669 (2006), 1692 (2006) on the situation in Burundi and the African Great Lakes region, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until February 15, 2007.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1756 was unanimously adopted on 15 May 2007.

References

↑ "Security Council authorises deployment of European Union force to support United Nations mission during Democratic Republic of Congo elections". United Nations. April 25, 2006.
↑ Dobbins, James (2008). Europe's role in nation-building: from the Balkans to the Congo. Rand Corporation. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-8330-4138-8.
↑ Orakhelashvili, Alexander (2011). Collective Security. Oxford University Press. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-19-957984-6.
↑ Bellamy, Alex J.; Williams, Paul; Griffin, Stuart (2009). Understanding Peacekeeping. Polity. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-7456-4186-7.
↑ Mehler, Andreas; Melber, Henning; Walraven, Klaas Van (2007). Africa yearbook. BRILL. p. 235. ISBN 978-90-04-16263-1.
↑ Beunderman, Mark (26 April 2006). "EU Congo mission gets green light from UN". EUobserver.
↑ "UN gives green light for EU troops in Congo". Independent Online (South Africa). 26 April 2006.

External links

Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

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[un-1] "Security Council authorises deployment of European Union force to support United Nations mission during Democratic Republic of Congo elections". United Nations. April 25, 2006.

[2] Dobbins, James (2008). Europe's role in nation-building: from the Balkans to the Congo. Rand Corporation. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-8330-4138-8.

[3] Orakhelashvili, Alexander (2011). Collective Security. Oxford University Press. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-19-957984-6.

[4] Bellamy, Alex J.; Williams, Paul; Griffin, Stuart (2009). Understanding Peacekeeping. Polity. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-7456-4186-7.

[5] Mehler, Andreas; Melber, Henning; Walraven, Klaas Van (2007). Africa yearbook. BRILL. p. 235. ISBN 978-90-04-16263-1.

[6] Beunderman, Mark (26 April 2006). "EU Congo mission gets green light from UN". EUobserver.

[7] "UN gives green light for EU troops in Congo". Independent Online (South Africa). 26 April 2006.