United Nations Security Council Resolution 1702

UN Security Council ; Resolution 1702
	Deployment of MINUSTAH in Haiti (2006)
Date	15 August 2006
Meeting no.	5,513
Code	S/RES/1702 (Document)
Subject	The question concerning Haiti
Voting summary	15 voted for; None voted against; None abstained
Result	Adopted
Security Council composition
Permanent members	China ; France ; Russia ; United Kingdom ; United States ;
Non-permanent members	Argentina ; Rep. of the Congo ; Denmark ; Ghana ; Greece ; Japan ; Peru ; Qatar ; Slovakia ; Tanzania ;

Last updated April 01, 2019

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1702, adopted unanimously on August 15, 2006, after recalling resolutions 1542 (2004), 1576 (2004), 1608 (2005) and 1658 (2006) on the situation in Haiti, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) until February 15, 2007.^[1]

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that was tasked to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international co-operation and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. The headquarters of the UN is in Manhattan, New York City, and is subject to extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development and upholding international law. The UN is the largest, most familiar, most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world. In 24 October 1945, at the end of World War II, the organization was established with the aim of preventing future wars. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The UN is the successor of the ineffective League of Nations.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1542, adopted unanimously on 30 April 2004, after receiving a report by the Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the Council deplored all violations of human rights in Haiti and urged the Government of Haiti to promote and protect human rights with a State based on rule of law and independent judiciary.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1576, adopted unanimously on 29 November 2004, after recalling resolutions 1529 (2004) and 1542 (2004) on the situation in Haiti, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) until June 1, 2005.

Resolution

Observations

In the preamble of the resolution, the Council welcomed the transition to an elected government, President and parliament as an opportunity to "break with the violence and political instability of the past". Therefore, it was important that there was reform of the security sector, law enforcement, national reconciliation and economic and social development. At the same time, Council members emphasised the importance of MINUSTAH in the stabilisation of the country.

The government of Haiti is a semi-presidential republic, a multiparty system wherein the President of Haiti is head of state elected directly by popular elections. The Prime Minister acts as head of government and is appointed by the President, chosen from the majority party in the National Assembly. Executive power is exercised by the President and Prime Minister who together constitute the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the National Assembly of Haiti. The government is organized unitarily, thus the central government delegates powers to the departments without a constitutional need for consent. The current structure of Haiti's political system was set forth in the Constitution of March 29, 1987.

The President of Haiti, officially called the President of the Republic of Haiti is the head of state of Haiti. Executive power in Haiti is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti. The current president is Jovenel Moïse, who took office on February 7, 2017.

The Haitian Parliament is the bicameral legislature of the Republic of Haiti, consisting of the upper house as the Senate (Sénat) and the lower house as the Chamber of Deputies. Both assemblies conduct legislative sessions at the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince.

All violations of human rights in Haiti were condemned in the text; the Haitian government was urged to promote human rights. The Council welcomed a police reform plan put forward by the government. It also acknowledged that conditions for a disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration did not exist in Haiti, so alternative programmes were required.^[2] There was also a need to implement effective labour-intensive projects to help create jobs and deliver basic services.

Human rights are "the basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled" Examples of rights and freedoms which are often thought of as human rights include civil and political rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and property, freedom of expression, pursuit of happiness and equality before the law; and social, cultural and economic rights, including the right to participate in science and culture, the right to work, and the right to education.

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Disarmament is the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons. Disarmament generally refers to a country's military or specific type of weaponry. Disarmament is often taken to mean total elimination of weapons of mass destruction, such as nuclear arms. General and Complete Disarmament was defined by the United Nations General Assembly as the elimination of all WMD, coupled with the “balanced reduction of armed forces and conventional armaments, based on the principle of undiminished security of the parties with a view to promoting or enhancing stability at a lower military level, taking into account the need of all States to protect their security.”

Social integration is the process during which newcomers or minorities are incorporated into the social structure of the host society.

The remainder of the introduction addressed the role of the international community in the Haitian transition process.

The international community is a phrase used in geopolitics and international relations to refer to a broad group of people and governments of the world. It does not refer literally to all nations or states in the world. The term is typically used to imply the existence of a common point of view towards such matters as specific issues of human rights. Activists, politicians and commentators often use the term in calling for action to be taken; e.g., action against what is in their opinion political repression in a target country.

Acts

Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Security Council extended MINUSTAH's mandate until mid-February 2007 with the intention of further renewals. It was decided that the peacekeeping operation would consist of 7,200 troops and 1,951 officers; 16 correction officers would also be deployed to support the prison system.^[3]

Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace and security".

In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organization to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organization.

Peacekeeping refers to activities intended to create conditions that favour lasting peace. Research generally finds that peacekeeping reduces civilian and battlefield deaths and reduces the risk of renewed warfare.

The resolution went on to set out MINUSTAH's role in reforming many areas of Haitian society, including the rule of law, justice and the promotion of human rights.^[4] It was also important that the mission had a good public outreach strategy to inform the local population of its mandate in the country.

The rule of law is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as: "The authority and influence of law in society, especially when viewed as a constraint on individual and institutional behavior; (hence) the principle whereby all members of a society are considered equally subject to publicly disclosed legal codes and processes." The phrase "the rule of law" refers to a political situation, not to any specific legal rule.

Justice, in its broadest context, includes both the attainment of that which is just and the philosophical discussion of that which is just. The concept of justice is based on numerous fields, and many differing viewpoints and perspectives including the concepts of moral correctness based on ethics, rationality, law, religion, equity and fairness. Often, the general discussion of justice is divided into the realm of social justice as found in philosophy, theology and religion, and, procedural justice as found in the study and application of the law.

Related Research Articles

The United Nations Stabilization Mission In Haiti (UNSTAMIH), also known as MINUSTAH, an acronym of the French name, was a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Haiti that was in operation from 2004 to 2017. The mission's military component was led by the Brazilian Army and the force commander is Brazilian. The force is composed of 2,366 military personnel and 2,533 police, supported by international civilian personnel, a local civilian staff and United Nations Volunteers.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1927, adopted unanimously on June 4, 2010, after recalling previous resolutions on Haiti, including resolutions 1542 (2004), 1576 (2004), 1608 (2005), 1658 (2006), 1702 (2006), 1743 (2006), 1780 (2007), 1840 (2008), 1892 (2009) and 1908 (2010), the Council authorised an additional deployment of 680 police as part of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH).

United Nations Security Council resolution 1508, adopted unanimously on 19 September 2003, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Sierra Leone, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) for six months until 31 March 2004.

United Nations Security Council resolution 1536, adopted unanimously on 26 March 2004, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, particularly Resolution 1471 (2003), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) for an additional period of twelve months until 26 March 2005.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1944 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1944, adopted unanimously on October 14, 2010, after recalling previous resolutions on Haiti, including resolutions 1542 (2004), 1576 (2004), 1608 (2005), 1658 (2006), 1702 (2006), 1743 (2006), 1780 (2007), 1840 (2008), 1892 (2009), 1908 (2010) and 1927 (2010), the Council renewed the mandate of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) until October 15, 2011.

United Nations Security Council resolution 1565, adopted unanimously on 1 October 2004, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 31 March 2005 and authorised an additional deployment of 5,900 troops and police.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1601 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1601, adopted unanimously on 31 May 2005, after recalling resolutions 1529 (2004), 1542 (2004) and 1576 (2004) on the situation in Haiti, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) until 24 June 2005.

United Nations Security Council resolution 1602, adopted unanimously on 31 May 2005, after recalling resolutions 1545 (2004), 1565 (2004), 1577 (2004) and 1596 (2005) on the situation in Burundi, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) for a period of six months until 1 December 2005.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1608, adopted unanimously on 22 June 2005, after recalling resolutions 1542 (2004) and 1576 (2004) on the situation in Haiti, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) until 15 February 2006 and increased its strength.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1635 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council resolution 1635, adopted unanimously on 28 October 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1565 (2004), 1592 (2005), 1596 (2005), 1621 (2005) and 1628 (2005), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 30 September 2006.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1650, adopted unanimously on 21 December 2005, after recalling Resolution 1545 (2004) regarding the situation in Burundi, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) until 1 July 2006.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1658, adopted unanimously on February 14, 2006, after recalling resolutions 1542 (2004), 1576 (2004) and 1608 (2005) on the situation in Haiti, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) until August 15, 2006.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1712, adopted unanimously on 29 September 2006, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Liberia and West Africa, particularly resolutions 1509 (2003), 1667 (2006) and 1694 (2006), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) for six months until 31 March 2007.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1734 United Nations Security Council resolution

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1734, adopted unanimously on December 22, 2006, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Sierra Leone, including resolutions 1620 (2005) and 1688 (2006), the Council renewed the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Office in Sierra Leone (UNIOSIL) until December 31, 2007.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1743 was unanimously adopted on 15 February 2007.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1780 was unanimously adopted on 15 October 2007.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1840 was unanimously adopted on 14 October 2008.

The United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH) is a peacekeeping mission in Haiti mandated by the United Nations Security Council through Resolutions 2350 (2017) and 2410 (2018).

References

↑ "Security Council extends United Nations mission in Haiti until 15 February 2007". United Nations. August 15, 2006.
↑ "Stressing crime prevention, Security Council extends UN mission in Haiti by 6 months". United Nations News Centre. 15 August 2006.
↑ Center on International Cooperation (2007). Annual review of global peace operations. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-58826-509-8.
↑ Hänggi, Heiner (2008). Security sector reform and UN integrated missions: experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti and Kosovo. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 129. ISBN 978-3-03735-239-7.

External links

Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

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[1] "Security Council extends United Nations mission in Haiti until 15 February 2007". United Nations. August 15, 2006.

[2] "Stressing crime prevention, Security Council extends UN mission in Haiti by 6 months". United Nations News Centre. 15 August 2006.

[3] Center on International Cooperation (2007). Annual review of global peace operations. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-58826-509-8.

[4] Hänggi, Heiner (2008). Security sector reform and UN integrated missions: experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti and Kosovo. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 129. ISBN 978-3-03735-239-7.