Established | 1936 |
---|---|
Location | United States |
Website | https://underc.nd.edu/ |
University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center (UNDERC) has two locations in North America serving as natural laboratories for scientists studying ecology and environmental biology. These locations serve as "natural" laboratories for the study of environmental systems that have experienced little or no degradation from humans and as a baseline for comparison with human disturbed systems.
UNDERC-East [1] encompasses 7,500 acres (30 km2) (land = 6,150 acres (24.9 km2) and lakes/bogs/streams = 1,350 acres (5.5 km2)) lying at 46°13′N89°32′W / 46.217°N 89.533°W along the state line of Wisconsin (Vilas County) and Michigan (Gogebic County). UNDERC-East is the National Ecological Observatory Network [2] (NEON) site for increasing the understanding of how forest management impacts ecological processes in the Great Lakes Region (Domain #5). [3]
UNDERC-West [4] lies at 47°29′N114°16′W / 47.483°N 114.267°W and is located in the Mission Valley of Montana (Lake County). UNDERC-West encompasses more than 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km2) administered by the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes [5] with whom the University of Notre Dame partners in the UNDERC-West project.
Flathead County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. At the 2020 census, its population was 104,357, making it the state's fourth most populous county. Its county seat is Kalispell. Its numerical designation is 7. Its northern border is on the state's north border, making it contiguous with the Canada–US border, facing British Columbia.
The Flathead Indian Reservation, located in western Montana on the Flathead River, is home to the Bitterroot Salish, Kootenai, and Pend d'Oreilles tribes – also known as the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation. The reservation, often referred to as the Flathead Nation, or simply Flathead or by its official acronym C.S.K.T., was created through the July 16, 1855, Treaty of Hellgate.
This is a list of the extreme points of North America: the points that are highest and lowest, and farther north, south, east or west than any other location on the continent. Some of these points are debatable, given the varying definitions of North America.
The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation are a federally recognized tribe in the U.S. state of Montana. The government includes members of several Bitterroot Salish, Kootenai and Pend d'Oreilles tribes and is centered on the Flathead Indian Reservation.
The Kutenai, also known as the Ktunaxa, Ksanka, Kootenay and Kootenai, are an indigenous people of Canada and the United States. Kutenai bands live in southeastern British Columbia, northern Idaho, and western Montana. The Kutenai language is a language isolate, thus unrelated to the languages of neighboring peoples or any other known language.
The Pend d'Oreille or Pend d'Oreilles, also known as the Kalispel, are Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau. Today many of them live in Montana and eastern Washington of the United States. The Kalispel peoples referred to their primary tribal range as Kaniksu.
The Coeur d'Alene Reservation is a Native American reservation in northwestern Idaho, United States. It is home to the federally recognized Coeur d'Alene, one of the five federally recognized tribes in the state.
Flathead Lake is a large natural lake in northwest Montana, United States.
The Flathead River, in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Montana, originates in the Canadian Rockies to the north of Glacier National Park and flows southwest into Flathead Lake, then after a journey of 158 miles (254 km), empties into the Clark Fork. The river is part of the Columbia River drainage basin, as the Clark Fork is a tributary of the Pend Oreille River, a Columbia River tributary. With a drainage basin extending over 8,795 square miles (22,780 km2) and an average discharge of 11,380 cubic feet per second (322 m3/s), the Flathead is the largest tributary of the Clark Fork and constitutes over half of its flow.
The Seli’š Ksanka Qlispe’ Dam, also known as SKQ Dam, is a concrete gravity-arch dam located at river mile 72 of the Flathead River. Built in 1938, it raises the level and increases the size of Flathead Lake near Polson, Montana. The dam was designed to generate hydroelectricity but also serves recreational and irrigation uses.
The Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation is a federally recognized tribe located in Southwest Washington. They are a part of the Northern Straits branch Central Coast Salish peoples of Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Coast.
Salish Kootenai College (SKC) is a private tribal land-grant community college in Pablo, Montana. It serves the Bitterroot Salish, Kootenai, and Pend d'Oreilles tribes. SKC's main campus is on the Flathead Reservation. There are three satellite locations in eastern Washington state, in Colville, Spokane, and Wellpinit. Approximately 1,207 students attend SKC. Although enrollment is not limited to Native American students, SKC's primary function is to serve the needs of Native American people.
The Salish Sea is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean located in the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington. It includes the Strait of Georgia, the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Puget Sound, and an intricate network of connecting channels and adjoining waterways.
National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is a facility program operated by Battelle Memorial Institute and funded by the National Science Foundation. In full operation since 2019, NEON gathers and provides long-term, standardized data on ecological responses of the biosphere to changes in land use and climate, and on feedback with the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. NEON is a continental-scale research platform for understanding how and why our ecosystems are changing.
Lolo Hot Springs is an unincorporated community in Missoula County, Montana, United States. It is centered on a commercial hot springs and contains a hotel and restaurant. Lolo Hot Springs is the westernmost settlement along U.S. Highway 12 in Montana.
The Jocko River is a roughly 40-mile (64 km) tributary of the Flathead River in western Montana in the United States. It rises in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains and flows west into the Flathead at Dixon. The elevation is 2,503 feet (763 m) where it joins the Flathead. It is also known as Jacques Fork, Jim's Fork, Prune River or Wild Horse Creek. The river breaks into three forks, the North, Middle and South Forks, of which the Middle Fork is considered the main stem.
The Garden of One Thousand Buddhas is a spiritual site near Arlee, Montana, within the Flathead Indian Reservation in Lake County, Montana, United States. The monument portion of the site is 750 square feet (70 m2) in area and the surrounding garden is spread across 10 acres (4.0 ha) of land. It is intended to be a pilgrimage destination for the Western hemisphere and a major place of worship for people of many faiths. The garden is free to the public and open all year round.
Kicking Horse Dam is a dam in Lake County, Montana.
The College of Science is a college within the University of Notre Dame. The Dean of the College of Science is Santiago Schnell, appointed Sept 1st, 2021.
Paul and Peter are two connected lakes located in Michigan's upper peninsula near the Wisconsin border in Vilas County (WI) and Gogebic County (MI). Paul and Peter are kettle lakes, which is a type of lake formed by glaciers. Peter Lake is larger with an area of 6.24 acres and a maximum depth of 19.6 meters while Paul Lake has an area of 4.12 acres and a maximum depth of 15 meters. The lakes are a part of the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center (UNDERC). The lakes, bogs, streams, and marshes of the UNDERC are located within deciduous and coniferous forests. The surrounding forest is made up mostly of sugar maple, yellow birch, and balsam fir. The two lakes are ideal for performing whole lake experiments since one lake can receive treatments while the other can remain a control. No fishing is allowed making the two connected lakes ideal for studying their fish populations. The lakes' basins are also located within the UNDERC meaning that no outside interference can occur. The lakes are dimictic, freezing in November and mixing in the fall and again partially mixing in the spring.