The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law. It was formed in the late 19th century around the Darul Uloom Madrassa in Deoband,India,from which the name derives,by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi,Rashid Ahmad Gangohi,Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri after the Indian Rebellion of 1857–58. They opposed the influence of non-Muslim cultures on the Muslims living in South Asia. The movement pioneered education in religious sciences through the Dars-i-Nizami associated with the Lucknow-based ulama of Firangi Mahal with the goal of preserving traditional Islamic teachings from the influx of modernist and secular ideas during British colonial rule. The Deobandi movement's Indian clerical wing,Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind,was founded in 1919 and played a major role in the Indian independence movement through its participation in the Pan-Islamist Khilafat movement and propagation of the doctrine of composite nationalism.
The Bahmani Kingdom or the Bahmani Sultanate was a late medieval kingdom that ruled the Deccan plateau in India. The first independent Muslim sultanate of the Deccan,the Bahmani Kingdom came to power in 1347 during the rebellion of Ismail Mukh against Muhammad bin Tughlaq,the Sultan of Delhi. Ismail Mukh then abdicated in favour of Zafar Khan,who established the Bahmani Sultanate.
The Barelvi movement,also known as Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah is a Sunni revivalist movement that generally adheres to the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools of jurisprudence,the Maturidi and Ash'ari creeds,a variety of Sufi orders,including the Qadiri,Chishti,Naqshbandi and Suhrawardi orders,as well as many other orders of Sufism,and has hundreds of millions of followers across the world. They consider themselves to be the continuation of Sunni Islamic orthodoxy before the rise of Salafism and the Deobandi movement.
Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi,known reverentially as A'la Hazrat,was an Indian Islamic scholar and poet who is considered as the founder of the Barelvi movement.
Ahl-i-Hadith or Ahl-e-Hadith is a Salafi reform movement that emerged in North India in the mid-nineteenth century from the teachings of Sayyid Ahmad Shahid,Syed Nazeer Husain and Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan. It is an offshoot of the 19th-century Indian Tariqah-i-Muhammadiya movement tied to the 18th-century traditions of Shah Waliullah Dehlawi and the Wahhabi movement. The adherents of the movement described themselves variously as "Muwahideen" and as "Ahl e-Hadith."
From a historical perspective,Professor Ishtiaq Ahmed of the University of Stockholm and Professor Shamsul Islam of the University of Delhi classified the Muslims of Colonial India into two categories during the era of the Indian independence movement:nationalist Muslims and Muslim nationalists. The All India Azad Muslim Conference represented nationalist Muslims,while the All-India Muslim League represented the Muslim nationalists. One such popular debate was the Madani–Iqbal debate.
Yoginder Singh Sikand is an Indian writer and academic who has written several books on Islam-related issues in India.
Abdul Qadir Gilani was a Hanbali scholar,preacher,and Sufi leader who was the eponym of the Qadiriyya,one of the oldest Sufi orders.
Al Jamiatul Ashrafia is a Sunni Madrasa in India. It is located in Mubarakpur in a Northern State of India,Uttar Pradesh.
Sufism has a history in India that has been evolving for over 1,000 years. The presence of Sufism has been a leading entity increasing the reaches of Islam throughout South Asia. Following the entrance of Islam in the early 8th century,Sufi mystic traditions became more visible during the 10th and 11th centuries of the Delhi Sultanate and after it to the rest of India. A conglomeration of four chronologically separate dynasties,the early Delhi Sultanate consisted of rulers from Turkic and Afghan lands. This Persian influence flooded South Asia with Islam,Sufi thought,syncretic values,literature,education,and entertainment that has created an enduring impact on the presence of Islam in India today. Sufi preachers,merchants and missionaries also settled in coastal Gujarat through maritime voyages and trade.
Madrasa Manzar-e-Islam,also known as Jamia Razvia Manzar-e-Islam,is an Islamic seminary in India. It was founded in 1904 in Bareilly,India by Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi.
Syed Shuja’at Ali Qadri was the first Grand Mufti of Pakistan,Judge of Federal Shariat Court,a member of the Pakistani Council of Islamic Ideology,and a scholar of Islamic Sciences and modern science. He was influenced by Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri.
Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri (1892–1981),was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar and author,and leader of the Sunni Barelvi movement following the death of its founder,his father Ahmed Raza Khan. He was known as Mufti-Azam-i-Hind to his followers. He is widely known as Mufti-e-Azam-e-Hind. On his death date his follower celebrate Urs name as Urs-e-Noori on every 14th Muharram of Islamic Year.
Akhtar Raza Khan,also known as Tajush Shari'ah,and Azhari Miyan,was an Indian Islamic scholar. A mufti of the Barelvis,he was the great-grandson of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi who was considered to be a Mujaddid by his followers and was the eponymous founder of the Barelvi movement.
Subhan Raza Khan,also known as Subhani Mian,is former head of a Sufi centre popularly known as Dargah-e-Ala Hazrat,shrine of his great-great grandfather Ahmed Raza Khan,in Bareilly,India. He is chairperson of the Manzar-e-Islam seminary. He also edits the Urdu-language Ala Hazrat monthly magazine which is published in Dargah. His son Ahsan Raza Khan Quadri has been appointed present head of the Dargah Ala Hazrat.
Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi was an Indian Sunni Sufi Islamic scholar and journalist,associated with the Raza Academy. He was the vice-president of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board and the chairman of All India Muslim Majlis-e-Mushawarat. He was an alumnus of Al Jamiatul Ashrafia and authored books including Angrez-nawazi ki Haqeeqat.
Husamul Haramain or Husam al Harmain Ala Munhir kufr wal mayn 1906,is a treatise written by Ahmad Raza Khan which declared the founders of the Deobandi,Ahle Hadith and Ahmadiyya movements as heretics.
All India Sunni Conference was an organization of Indian Sunni Muslims associated with Sufism and this Conference became the voice of Barelvi movement in British India. The Conference was established in 1925 in the wake of Congress led secular Indian nationalism,changing Geo-political situation of India by leading Barelvi personalities of that time including Jamaat Ali Shah,Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi,Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri,Amjad Ali Aazmi,Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni,Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi and Syed Faiz-ul Hassan Shah among others.
Abd al-Ḥāmid al-Qādirīal-Badāyūnī,also known as Mujahid-e-Millat,was a Pakistani Islamic scholar,Sufi,poet,and leader from Pakistan. He was the founder of the Islamic college Jamia-Talimat-e-Islamiya located in Karachi.
Jamia Naeemia Moradabad is an Islamic seminary in India. It is located in Moradabad in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh. The seminary is a major center of the Barelvi movement in India and has been the target of violence by the rival Deobandi movement.
