County of Victoria | |||||||||
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County of Canada | |||||||||
1863–2001 | |||||||||
A historic map of Victoria County, published in 1881. | |||||||||
Capital | Lindsay, Ontario | ||||||||
Government | |||||||||
• Type | Democracy | ||||||||
Warden | |||||||||
• 1863 | Patrick McHugh (first) | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Separation from the United Counties of Peterborough and Victoria | 1863 | ||||||||
• Withdrawal of seven townships to the District of Muskoka | 1868 (detached), 1877 (withdrawn) | ||||||||
• Withdrawal of three townships to the Provisional County of Haliburton | 1874 | ||||||||
1973 | |||||||||
2001 | |||||||||
Political subdivisions | |||||||||
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The County of Victoria, or Victoria County, was a county in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was formed in 1854 as The United Counties of Peterborough and Victoria, and separated from Peterborough in 1863. In 2001, the county was dissolved and reformed as the city of Kawartha Lakes. Though first opened to settlement in 1821, the area that was encompassed by Victoria County has a history of Indian occupation, first by the Hurons.
The history of Victoria County began with the passing of the Constitutional Act in 1791, dividing Canada into two provinces: Upper Canada (present day Ontario) and Lower Canada (present day Québec); and appointing a lieutenant-governor for each. [1]
The first lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada was Colonel John Graves Simcoe, who surveyed the province and set out tracts of land for immigrants with genuine interests. [2] Before the land that became Victoria County could be surveyed, however, speculators had Simcoe removed from office in 1796, and the land was secured from settlement for over 20 years. [3]
Following the War of 1812, a large wave of immigration prompted the province to purchase more land from local Indian tribes. On 5 November 1818, six Mississauga chiefs, Buckquaquet of the Eagles, Pishikinse of the Reindeers, Paudash of the Cranes, Cahgahkishinse of the Pike, Cahgageewin of the Snakes, and Pininse of the White Oaks, met in Port Hope. There they surrendered the rights to over four thousand square kilometres of land, [4] known as the "Mississauga Tract". In exchange, the Indians (numbering about 400) were to receive $750 per year in goods. However, the government later changed this to $10 per year for each living person born before the deal was signed.
The Mississauga Tract included all of Victoria and Peterborough counties, as well as parts of 28 adjacent townships. [5] Following the purchase, the land became Newcastle District in 1802. [6] In 1845, it was renamed Colborne District consisting of the County of Peterborough. [7] In 1851, Peterborough County was divided into the counties of Peterborough and Victoria, which were united for municipal purposes as the United Counties of Peterborough and Victoria. [8]
County of Peterborough | County of Victoria |
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A plebiscite was authorized in 1856 to facilitate the creation of a provisional county council for Victoria, [9] but, as the united counties council delayed conducting it, a further Act was passed in 1861 to compel its being held, following which the provisional council was formed. [10] and its formal separation took place in 1863. [11] [12]
Further townships were surveyed in the following years that were attached to the County, extending its reach northwards. In 1868, the townships of Ryde, Draper, Macaulay, Stephenson, Brunel, McLean and Oakley were detached from the County and transferred to the new District of Muskoka, [13] and the townships of Stisted, Chaffey, Franklin and Ridout were detached in a similar manner in 1873. [14] They were not withdrawn for municipal purposes until their annexation to Simcoe County in 1877. [15] The townships of Anson, Hindon and Lutterworth were also withdrawn from the County in 1874 and transferred to the new Provisional County of Haliburton. [16]
In 1974, as a result of the creation of the Regional Municipality of Durham, Manvers Township was withdrawn from Durham County and transferred to Victoria County. [17]
On 1 January 2001, Victoria County was dissolved, and its townships and incorporated communities were amalgamated to form the City of Kawartha Lakes, [18] a name chosen because of the prominence of the lakes in the geography of the region. [19]
It encompassed 2,855.56 square kilometres (1,102.54 sq mi) [20]
Victoria County consisted of 13 separate townships and 6 incorporated villages with their own local governments. [21]
Population centres are listed in parentheses:
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The township of Laxton, Digby and Longford is an amalgamation of the once individual townships of Digby and Laxton, and half of the original Longford Township. The separate township of Longford is uninhabited, though dotted with abandoned logging towns.
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Note:
+ Census Canada | |||
Township | Population | ||
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1991 | 1996 | 2001 | |
Bexley | 1,191 [23] | 1,306 [23] | 1,325 [24] |
Carden | 781 [25] | 887 [25] | 888 [26] |
Dalton | 423 [27] | 442 [27] | 474 [28] |
Eldon | 2,669 [29] | 2,956 [29] | 3,087 [30] |
Emily | 6,307 [31] | 6,724 [31] | 6,944 [32] |
Fenelon | 5,710 [33] | 5,931 [33] | 6,240 [34] |
Laxton, Digby and Longford | 1,086 [35] | 1,114 [35] | 1,052 [36] |
Manvers | 5,166 [37] | 5,624 [37] | 5,830 [38] |
Mariposa | 6,906 [39] | 7,456 [39] | 7,869 [40] |
Ops | 4,027 [41] | 4,311 [41] | 4,955 [42] |
Somerville | 2,045 [43] | 2,238 [43] | 2,241 [44] |
Verulam | 3,982 [45] | 4,373 [45] | 4,313 [46] |
Incorporated areas | |||
Bobcaygeon | 2,562 [47] | 2,753 [47] | 2,854 [48] |
Fenelon Falls | 1,888 [49] | 2,040 [49] | 1,874 [50] |
Lindsay, Ontario | 16,696 [51] | 17,638 [51] | 16,930 [52] |
Lindsay census agglomeration (Ops including Lindsay) | 20,723 [53] | 21,949 [53] | 21,885 [42] [52] |
Omemee | 1,103 [54] | 1,271 [54] | 1,319 [55] |
Sturgeon Point | 110 [56] | 111 [56] | 107 [57] |
Woodville | 680 [58] | 751 [58] | 871 [59] |
Total | |||
Kawartha Lakes | 63,332 [60] | 67,926 [60] | 69,179 [61] |
Ontario | 10,084,885 [62] | 10,753,573 [62] | 11,410,046 [63] |
The population is mostly rural, with only 34% living in urban areas. [64]
Victoria County was first opened up to settlement in the 1821. [65] At this time, the primary routes for entering the county-to-be were narrow trails. Settlers were offered land on the condition that they help further the progress of concession roads into the region. This was often met with the bare minimum, and progress was slow.
The Land Act of 1853 provided funding for the development of roads throughout the wilderness of Upper Canada. Grants were administered by the Department of Agriculture to survey and build the new roads. The roads followed the tradition of old Roman roads, and cut through the wilderness in a straight line, veering only when the terrain was impassable, but cutting through swamps and hills otherwise. Four primary roads were built: the Cameron Road, the Bobcaygeon Road, the Monck Road, and the Portage Road.
http://www.ontariogenealogy.com/Victoria/settleme.html http://www.ontariogenealogy.com/Victoria/history/victoriacountypioneers2.html
The Cameron road, now mostly encompassed by Highway 35, provided access from Lake Ontario to the northern limits of Victoria;
The Bobcaygeon Road, begun in 1853, traversed north and south along the present-day eastern boundary of the region, and is mostly encompassed by former Highway 121;
The Monck Road, which connected Lake Couchiching to Bancroft, encompassed partially by former Highway 503, now City Road 45;
The Portage Road, connecting Lake Simcoe to Balsam Lake, encompassed entirely by former Highway 48, now City Road 48
At one time the Victoria County Board of Education provided educational services. In 1999 it was amalgamated into the Trillium Lakelands District School Board. [66]
Lindsay is a community of 22,367 people on the Scugog River in the Kawartha Lakes region of south-eastern Ontario, Canada. It is approximately 43 km (27 mi) west of Peterborough. It is the seat of the City of Kawartha Lakes, and the hub for business and commerce in the region.
Coboconk, often shortened to Coby, is a community in the city of Kawartha Lakes, in the south-central portion of the Canadian province of Ontario. The village lies at the junction of Highway 35 and former Highway 48, on the northern tip of Balsam Lake, the highest point on the Trent–Severn Waterway. Coboconk has a prominent role in the logging, limestone, and tourism industries of the Kawartha Lakes region over the past 150 years.
Peterborough County is located in Southern Ontario, Canada. The county seat is The City of Peterborough, which is independent of the county.
The City of Kawartha Lakes is a unitary municipality in Central Ontario, Canada. It is a municipality legally structured as a single-tier city; however, Kawartha Lakes is the size of a typical Ontario county and is mostly rural. It is the second largest single-tier municipality in Ontario by land area.
Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock is a federal electoral district in central Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968.
Norland is a small rural farming community, from 1854-1967 known as Norland, Victoria, Canada West, British Colonial America, then on the 1 July 1867 it became known as Norland, Laxton Township, Victoria, Ontario, Canada until 1 July 2001 when it was amalgamation to became part of the city of Kawartha Lakes, in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is located in a scenic spot on the Gull River at the north end of Shadow Lake, the northernmost Kawartha lake in the Trent River chain. Here, a series of three waterfalls reflect the change in elevation of the land leading north to the Haliburton Highlands.
Durham County is an historic county in Ontario, Canada. It was named for the English County Durham and city of Durham. It was created in 1792 but was later merged Northumberland County to form the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham. In 1974, the two counties were split and reorganized, with the former portions of Durham County reorganized into the Regional Municipality of Durham.
Bobcaygeon is a community on the Trent–Severn Waterway in the City of Kawartha Lakes, east-central Ontario, Canada.
Victoria North was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1904. It was located in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act of 1867, which divided the County of Victoria divided into two ridings: the South and North Ridings.
King's Highway 35, commonly referred to as Highway 35, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario, linking Highway 401 with the Kawartha Lakes, Haliburton, and Algonquin Provincial Park. The highway travels from west of Newcastle, through Lindsay, near Fenelon Falls, Coboconk, Minden Hills, and into Haliburton before terminating at Highway 60 to the west of Algonquin Park. Within those areas, it services the communities of Orono, Cameron, Rosedale, Norland, Moore Falls, Miners Bay, Lutterworth, Carnarvon, Buttermilk Falls, Halls Lake, Pine Springs and Dorset. The winding course of the road, combined with the picturesque views offered along its length, have led some to declare it the most scenic highway in Ontario.
North Kawartha is a township in northern Peterborough County, Ontario, Canada.
The united Townships of Laxton, Digby and Longford were a municipality in the northern part of what is now Kawartha Lakes in the Canadian province of Ontario.
The Township of Mariposa was a municipality located in the southwest corner of the former Victoria County, now the city of Kawartha Lakes, in the Canadian province of Ontario. The other municipal neighbours of Mariposa are Ops and Fenelon on the east, Eldon on the north, Brock on the west, and Scugog on the south, with the latter two located in the Durham Regional Municipality. The former township includes the communities of Little Britain, Manilla, Mariposa, Valentia, and Oakwood. Today, most of the former township is represented in the City of Kawartha Lakes by the Ward 8 Councillor, John Pollard, and Ward 4 Councillor Andrew Veale.
The Township of Dalton was a municipality located in the northwest corner of the former Victoria County, now a geographic township in the city of Kawartha Lakes, in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was named after John Dalton (1766–1844), an English scientist who contributed to the foundations of atomic theory.
The Township of Verulam was a rural municipality within the former Victoria County, now the city of Kawartha Lakes. It was bounded on the north by the geographic township of Somerville, the south by the geographic township of Emily, the west by the geographic township of Fenelon, and the east by the County of Peterborough. For the purposes of government, land surveying and reference, it is now properly referred to as the "Geographic Township of Verulam".
Victoria—Haliburton was a provincial electoral district in central Ontario, Canada which elected members to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. It was created in 1967 and abolished in 1999 into Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock and Parry Sound—Muskoka.
King's Highway 121, commonly referred to as Highway 121, was a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connected several communities in the cottage country region of Central Ontario on the southern edge of the Canadian Shield. Between Fenelon Falls and Minden, Highway 121 served as an alternative route to Highway 35, which was severely congested during summer weekends. From Minden, the highway branched east to Haliburton Village and thereafter followed the present route of Highway 118 to Highway 28 in Paudash.
Secondary Highway 503, commonly referred to as Highway 503, was a provincially maintained secondary highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The 116.8 km (72.6 mi) route existed between 1956 and 1998. Between 1956 and 1963, the highway stretched from Kirkfield to Sebright, and then along the Monck Road from Sebright to Kinmount, entirely within Victoria County. In 1964, the route was extended to Highway 121 in Tory Hill along the route of Highway 500 through the counties of Peterborough and Haliburton. In 1998, the route was transferred to the various counties in which it resided. Today it is known as Kawartha Lakes City Road 6 and 45, Peterborough County Road 503 and Haliburton County Road 503.
Secondary Highway 649, commonly referred to as Highway 649, was a provincially maintained secondary highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. Now known as Kawartha Lakes Road 49, and locally as East Street North in Bobcaygeon, it is a municipally-maintained class-3 roadway located mostly along the boundary between the city of Kawartha Lakes and Peterborough County. The 18-kilometre-long (11 mi) route begins in Bobcaygeon at a junction with former Highway 36, and proceeds north along the boundary between Kawartha Lakes and Peterborough County to a junction with former Highway 121 just south of Kinmount.
King's Highway 36, commonly referred to as Highway 36, was a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The highway connected Highway 7 and Highway 35 in Lindsay with Highway 28 in Burleigh Falls, providing access to recreational cottages along the northern shore of several of the Kawartha lakes as well as to multiple communities, including Bobcaygeon. Today it is known as Kawartha Lakes City Road 36 and Peterborough County Road 36.
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