Wirtembergia

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Wirtembergia
Temporal range: Middle Triassic (Ladinian) 238  Ma
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Lepidosaur SMNS 91060 - 91060.png
Lower jaw of Wirtembergia
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Rhynchocephalia
Genus: Wirtembergia
Sues and Schoch, 2023
Type species
Wirtembergia hauboldae
Sues and Schoch, 2023

Wirtembergia is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian reptile known from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Germany. It currently the most primitive known rhynchocephalian, and also one of the oldest known rhynchocephalians, after Agriodontosaurus .

Contents

History of discovery

The first remains of the genus were reported in 2013 as cf. Diphydontosaurus based on two lower jaws found in the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) Erfurt Formation, located in the state of Baden-Württemberg near the settlement of Vellberg. [1] In 2023, the genus and species Wirtembergia hauboldae was described based on this material, as well as a partial skeleton (SMNS 91313) found at the same locality, including parts of the skull (the premaxilla, maxilla, jugal, frontal, pterygoid, and a possible partial palatine) as well as limb bones and ribs. [2]

Description

The skull when complete is estimated to have been around 2–2.5 centimetres (0.79–0.98 in) long, with an estimated total body length of around 20–25 centimetres (7.9–9.8 in). The jaws have a combination of slightly backward curving (recurved) column-like pleurodont front teeth attached to the inner side of the jaw along with larger posterior triangular acrodont teeth attached to the apex of the jaw bone, similar to other primitive rhynchocephalians like Diphydontosaurus. These teeth underwent replacement. The frontal bones of the skull were not fused to each other, unlike other known rhynchocephalians, though this may have been present in more ontogenically mature individuals. [2]

Phylogeny

Wirtembergia has been placed as the most basal rhynchocephalian: [2]

References

  1. Jones, Marc EH; Anderson, Cajsa; Hipsley, Christy A; Müller, Johannes; Evans, Susan E; Schoch, Rainer R (2013). "Integration of molecules and new fossils supports a Triassic origin for Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes, and tuatara)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (1): 208. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13..208J. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-208 . ISSN   1471-2148. PMC   4016551 . PMID   24063680.
  2. 1 2 3 Sues, Hans-Dieter; Schoch, Rainer R. (2023-11-07). "The oldest known rhynchocephalian reptile from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Germany and its phylogenetic position among Lepidosauromorpha" . The Anatomical Record. 307 (4): 776–790. doi:10.1002/ar.25339. ISSN   1932-8486. PMID   37937325. S2CID   265050255.