Woodwrae Stone

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The Woodwrae Stone
Pictish Stones in the Museum of ScotlandDSCF6249.jpg
The Woodwrae Stone
Material Old Red Sandstone
Height1.75 metres (5.7 ft)
Symbols
  • Celtic cross (defaced)
  • Fantastic creatures
  • Hunting scene
  • Double disc
Discovered1819
Place Woodwrae, Angus, Scotland
Present location Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh
Coordinates 55°56′49″N3°11′21″W / 55.946991°N 3.189183°W / 55.946991; -3.189183
ClassificationClass II cross slab
Culture Picto-Scottish

The Woodwrae Stone (alternatively the Woodwray Stone) is a Class II Pictish Stone (c. 8th or 9th century) that was found in 1819 when the foundations of the old castle at Woodwrae, Angus, Scotland were cleared. [1] It had been reused as a floor slab in the kitchen of the castle. Following its removal from the castle, it was donated to the collection of Sir Walter Scott at Abbotsford House. It is now on display at the Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.

Contents

Location

Woodwrae castle occupied a position 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) north of Aberlemno, Angus grid reference NO51855663 , now occupied by Woodwrae farm. [2] The stone was used as a floor slab at the castle and was removed in 1819 to the collection of Sir Walter Scott at Abbotsford House grid reference NT506342 where it resided until it was donated to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1924. [1] [3]

Description

Rear face Pictish Stones in the Museum of ScotlandDSCF6250.jpg
Rear face

The stone is a cross-slab 1.75 metres (5 ft 9 in) high and 1.02 metres (3 ft 4 in) wide, tapering to 0.84 metres (2 ft 9 in) at the top, and is 12.5 centimetres (4.9 in) thick. [2] The slab is carved on both faces in relief and, as it bears Pictish symbols, it falls into John Romilly Allen and Joseph Anderson's classification system as a class II stone. [4] [5]

The cross face formerly bore a lobed cross, which has been deliberately erased, [6] although the borders, decorated with interlaced knotwork, keywork and divergent spiral work remain. [7] Also remaining intact are the fantastic creatures in the four quadrants surrounding the cross, [6] including a beast with human legs dangling from its mouth, a feature that exists on other Pictish cross slabs, including the Dunfallandy Stone, as well as Irish High crosses. [8]

The reverse face has suffered considerable mutilation. It is divided into three sections. The upper section bears a horseman, a Pictish double disc symbol and a step symbol. [6] The lower two thirds of the face holds a second horseman and a variety of other animals, including a bull. [6]

Relationship with other sculptured stones

Woodwrae castle was located approximately 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) north of Aberlemno, Angus. [9] This close proximity, and the similarity with the Class II slabs at Aberlemno has long been noted and it has been suggested that the stone originated there. [2] Historian Ross Trench-Jellicoe has postulated, based on similarity of design and execution, an Aberlemno School of Pictish Sculpture, originating from Iona. Stones in the Aberlemno School include Aberlemno 2 (the Kirkyard Stone), Aberlemno 3, Menmuir 1, Kirriemuir 1 and Monifieth 2. [10] To this list, Lloyd Laing has added the stones of Eassie, Rossie Priory, Glamis 1 and Glamis 2. [11]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hunter's Hill Stone</span>

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The crescent is a Pictish symbol that is found occasionally on its own on Class I and Class II Pictish stones but, overlaid with a V-rod, is the most frequently-occurring symbol. The V-rod never appears on its own and its only other appearance is overlaid on an arch at Migvie. The symbol is found in combination with other symbols, notably with the double disc and z-rod. which is the next most common symbol.

The mirror and comb are Pictish symbols of uncertain function, found on Class I and Class II Pictish stones. The mirror, or mirror and comb, do not belong to the body of main Pictish symbols, but are used as modifiers of a symbol pair. The mirror can occur on its own, or with the comb, although the comb never occurs on its own. The mirror, or mirror and comb, occur either below the symbol pair, or beside the lower symbol.

References

  1. 1 2 Jervise, Andrew (1857), "Notices descriptive of the localities of certain sculptured stone monuments in Forfarshire, &c (Part i.)" (PDF), Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2: 187–201, retrieved 29 November 2010
  2. 1 2 3 "Site details for Woodwrae, Castle Woodwray", Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Canmore Database, retrieved 29 November 2010
  3. "Donations to the Museum" (PDF), Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 58: 100, 1924, retrieved 29 November 2010
  4. Allen, J. Romilly; Anderson, J. (1903), Early Christian Monuments of Scotland, vol. 1, Balgavies, Angus: Pinkfoot Press (1993 facsimile), pp. 242–245
  5. Allen, J. Romilly (1890), "Preliminary list of sculptured stones older than A.D. 1100, with symbols and Celtic ornament, in Scotland" (PDF), Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 24: 510–525, retrieved 29 November 2010
  6. 1 2 3 4 Fraser, Iain (2008), The Pictish Symbol Stones of Scotland, Edinburgh: Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historic Monuments of Scotland, pp. 62–63
  7. Anderson, Joseph (1881), Scotland in Early Christian Times - The Rhind Lectures in Archaeology for 1880, Edinburgh: David Douglas, pp. 106, 154, retrieved 29 November 2010
  8. Laing, Lloyd (2000), "The Chronology and Context of Pictish Relief Sculpture" (PDF), Medieval Archaeology, 44: 81–114, retrieved 29 November 2010
  9. "Dundee and Montrose, Forfar and Arbroath", Ordnance Survey Landranger Map (B2 ed.), 2007, ISBN   0-319-22980-7
  10. Trench-Jellicoe, Ross (1999), "A missing figure on slab fragment no 2 from Monifieth, Angus, the a'Chill Cross, Canna, and some implications of the development of a variant form of the Virgin's hairsyle and dress in early medieval Scotland" (PDF), Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 129: 597–647, retrieved 29 November 2010
  11. Laing, Lloyd (2001), "The date and context of the Glamis, Angus, carved Pictish stones" (PDF), Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 131: 223–239, retrieved 29 November 2010