Workingmen's Party of California

Last updated
Workingmen's Party of California
Leader Denis Kearney
Founded1877;147 years ago (1877)
Dissolved1883;141 years ago (1883)
Ideology Anti-Chinese racism
Denis Kearney, founder of the Workingmen's Party of California Dennis Kearney.jpg
Denis Kearney, founder of the Workingmen's Party of California

The Workingmen's Party of California (WPC) was an American labor organization, founded in 1877 and led by Denis Kearney, J. G. Day, and H. L. Knight. [1]

Contents

Its famous slogan was "The Chinese must go!" [2]

Organizational history

The Chinese must go! Workingmen's Party of California regular ticket - The Chinese Must Go.jpg
The Chinese must go!

As a result of heavy unemployment from the 1873–1878 national depression, Sand Lot rallies erupted in San Francisco that led to the Party's formation in 1877. [3] The party won 11 seats in the State Senate and 17 in the State Assembly by 1878 and then rewrote the state's constitution, [4] denying Chinese citizens voting rights in California. The most important part of the constitution included the formation of California Railroad Commission that would oversee the activities of the Central and Pacific Railroad companies that were run by Crocker, Huntington, Hopkins and Stanford.[ failed verification ] [5]

The party took particular aim against cheap Chinese immigrant labor and the Central Pacific Railroad which employed them. [6] [7] Their goal was to "rid the country of Chinese cheap labor." [8] Kearney's attacks against the Chinese were of a particularly virulent and openly racist nature, and found considerable support among white Californians of the time. This sentiment led eventually to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.

By 1883, there were no WPC members left in either the state Senate or the state Assembly.

Kearney's party should not be confused with the Workingmen's Party of the United States, which was mostly based in the Eastern United States. The branches of the Workingmen's Party of the United States that were in California were absorbed into the Workingmen's Party of California after the latter was growing at a rapid rate and had adopted similar language. [9]

Members

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References

  1. Cross, Ira. "Denis Kearney Organizes the Workingmen". West Valley College. Retrieved 2018-09-06.
  2. Huping Ling; Allan W. Austin (17 March 2015). Asian American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. pp. 1346–. ISBN   978-1-317-47644-3.
  3. William B. Secrest (October 2004). California Feuds: Vengeance, Vendettas & Violence on the Old West Coast. Quill Driver Books. pp. 106–. ISBN   978-1-884995-42-2.
  4. Stephanie S. Pincetl (10 March 2003). Transforming California: A Political History of Land Use and Development. JHU Press. pp. 23–. ISBN   978-0-8018-7312-6.
  5. "Denis Kearney and the California Anti-Chinese Campaign". The Chinese Experience. HarpWeek, LLC. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
  6. Dunn, Geoffrey (1983). Santa Cruz is in the Heart. Capitola Book Company. ISBN   0932319025.
  7. "Appeal from California. The Chinese Invasion. Workingmen's Address". historymatters.gmu.edu. Indianapolis Times. 28 February 1878. Retrieved 2018-09-06.
  8. ""Our Misery and Despair": Kearney Blasts Chinese Immigration". History Matters, U.S. Survey Course on The Web. American Social History Productions, Inc., George Mason University & Graduate Center, CUNY. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
  9. Cross, Ira B. (Ira Brown) (1974). A history of the labor movement in California. Internet Archive. Berkeley, University of California Press. ISBN   978-0-520-02646-9.

Further reading

Books and pamphlets

Journal articles and dissertations