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Wreckovation is a portmanteau disparagement term used since at least 2002 [1] to describe the style of renovations which some Catholic cathedrals, churches, and oratories have undergone since the Second Vatican Council. [2]
The Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, commonly known as Vatican II, saw the Roman Catholic Church reassess its practices and doctrine in face of the modern world. Convened in 1962 by Pope John XXIII and presided over by Pope Paul VI after John XXIII's death, the council lasted until 1965, the resulting documents of which [lower-alpha 1] addressed, amongst other issues, the way Mass was celebrated and the architecture of churches in which it was celebrated.
To convey the notion of sacrifice, in the Tridentine Mass (the style of Mass used before Vatican II), the altar is a high altar and is prescribed to be (but is not always) ad orientem ('towards the East'), and where the priest always faces East, meaning typically the priest has his back to the people. After the Second Vatican Council, there was a movement to emphasize instead the communal meal aspect of the Mass. This was reflected in church architecture—both new construction and remodels—as replacing the high altar with a table in the middle of the sanctuary, sometimes pejoratively called, by those who oppose these architectural changes, a Cranmer table, named after the Reformationist Thomas Cranmer. [3] This allowed the priest to walk around the table and say the Mass versus populum (facing the people). Other architectural changes would vary, such as removing kneelers, the introduction of in the round seating, lower roofs, removal of statues and sacred art, and relocating the tabernacle from the altar to a side chapel. [4]
Following the Second Vatican Council, in the United States, much architectural change was driven by the 1977 book Environment and Art in Catholic Worship published by NCCB when then-Archbishop Bernardin was president. [5] [6] [7] It extolled the "virtue of simplicity and commonness" and "a simple and attractive beauty", which represented the ideals of modern architecture. It also called for "contemporary art forms", "cloth hangings" and "banners". Although not binding, it was followed by church redesigners such as Richard S. Vosko.
Pope Benedict XVI believed the reforms following the Second Vatican Council went too far, and advocated for what has been called "reform of the reform", [8] as he believed the some had gone astray from the intentions of the Council, stating in his 2011 motu proprio Quaerit semper to "focus mainly on giving a fresh impetus to promoting the Sacred Liturgy in the Church, in accordance with the renewal that the Second Vatican Council desired". [9] The following month, he supported Antonio Cañizares Llovera, Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship, to establish a "Liturgical Art and Sacred Music Commission", which would be responsible for evaluating both new construction and renovation projects as well as music used during the celebration of Mass to ensure that they complied with church guidelines. Pope Benedict considered the commission's task "very urgent". [10] However, by 2016 (after the 2013 election of Pope Francis), some [11] were still questioning what its responsibilities and authority are, and in his 2017 apostolic letter Magnum principium , Pope Francis removed some of the authority of the CDW over the liturgy.
Opposition by conservatives of the architectural changes was in full swing by the 1990s. [12] Conservatives held that such changes were iconoclastic, [13] lacked height, [14] and produced results that resembled Protestant churches, [15] theaters, airport terminals, or barns rather than Catholic churches. A major concern was that the design of renovated churches downplayed the sense of the sacred in favor of focus on the congregation. Critics saw this as inconsistent with the traditional Catholic understanding of communal worship. Meanwhile, more liberal Catholics referred to the renovations as necessary steps in order to emphasize the role of the congregation in worship, in accordance with the wishes of the Second Vatican Council. Conservative Catholics charge that this is a misinterpretation of the documents of Vatican II. [16] [17] [12]
Some churches, such as St. Columban in Chillicothe, Missouri, [18] St. Mark in Peoria, Illinois, [19] and St. Adalbert in South Bend, Indiana [20] are reversing prior renovations and "restoring" the historical Catholic liturgical setup.
The Mass of Paul VI, also known as the Ordinary Form or Novus Ordo, is the most commonly used liturgy in the Catholic Church. It was promulgated by Pope Paul VI in 1969 and its liturgical books were published in 1970; those books were then revised in 1975, they were revised again by Pope John Paul II in 2000, and a third revision was published in 2002.
Traditionalist Catholicism is a movement that emphasizes beliefs, practices, customs, traditions, liturgical forms, devotions and presentations of teaching associated with the Catholic Church before the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). Traditionalist Catholics particularly emphasize the Tridentine Mass, the Roman Rite liturgy largely replaced in general use by the post-Second Vatican Council Mass of Paul VI.
The Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace is the mother church and cathedral of the Diocese of Honolulu.
The Roman Rite is the most common ritual family for performing the ecclesiastical services of the Latin Church, the largest of the sui iuris particular churches that comprise the Catholic Church. The Roman Rite governs rites such as the Roman Mass and the Liturgy of the Hours as well as the manner in which sacraments and blessings are performed.
Latin liturgical rites, or Western liturgical rites, is a large family of liturgical rites and uses of public worship employed by the Latin Church, the largest particular church sui iuris of the Catholic Church, that originated in Europe where the Latin language once dominated. Its language is now known as Ecclesiastical Latin. The most used rite is the Roman Rite.
The Liturgical Movement was a 19th-century and 20th-century movement of scholarship for the reform of worship. It began in the Catholic Church and spread to many other Christian churches including the Anglican Communion, Lutheran and some other Protestant churches.
Piero Marini is a Roman Catholic archbishop who is president emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses. For twenty years he served as Master of Pontifical Liturgical Celebrations, in charge of the Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff. In that capacity he worked for Popes John Paul II for 18 years and Benedict XVI for two years.
The Mass is the central liturgical service of the Eucharist in the Catholic Church, in which bread and wine are consecrated and become the body and blood of Christ. As defined by the Church at the Council of Trent, in the Mass "the same Christ who offered himself once in a bloody manner on the altar of the cross, is present and offered in an unbloody manner". The Church describes the Mass as the "source and summit of the Christian life", and teaches that the Mass is a sacrifice, in which the sacramental bread and wine, through consecration by an ordained priest, become the sacrificial body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ as the sacrifice on Calvary made truly present once again on the altar. The Catholic Church permits only baptised members in the state of grace to receive Christ in the Eucharist.
In persona Christi is a Latin phrase meaning "in the person of Christ", an important concept in Roman Catholicism and, in varying degrees, to other Christian traditions, such as Lutheranism and Anglicanism. In Catholic theology, a priest is In persona Christi because, in the sacraments he administers, it is God and Christ who acts through the instrumentality of the priest. An extended term, In persona Christi capitis, “in the person of Christ the head,” was introduced by the bishops of the Vatican Council II in the Decree on the Ministry and Live of Priests, Presbyterorum Ordinis, December 7, 1965.
Summorum Pontificum is an apostolic letter of Pope Benedict XVI, issued in July 2007. This letter specifies the circumstances in which priests of the Latin Church could celebrate Mass according to what Benedict XVI called the "Missal promulgated by Blessed John XXIII in 1962" and administer most of the sacraments in the form used before the liturgical reforms that followed the Second Vatican Council.
The development of the ministry of altar server has a long history. In the early Church, many ministries were held by men and women. By the early Middle Ages, some of these ministries were formalized under the term "minor orders" and used as steps to priestly ordination. One of the minor orders was the office of acolyte. Altar servers are a substitute for an instituted acolyte.
Versus populum is the liturgical stance of a priest who, while celebrating Mass, faces the people from the other side of the altar. The opposite stance, that of a priest facing in the same direction as the people, is today called ad orientem or ad apsidem.
Barry Christopher Knestout is an American prelate of the Catholic Church who has served as Bishop of Richmond since 2017.
Richard S. Vosko is an American Catholic priest of the Diocese of Albany and liturgical design consultant who has overseen the redesign and renovation of numerous churches and cathedrals in the United States. Vosko has worked throughout the U.S. and Canada as a designer and consultant for worship environments since 1970.
Jeffrey Marc Monforton is an American Catholic prelate who has served as an auxiliary bishop in the Archdiocese of Detroit since 2023. He was previously Bishop of Steubenville from 2012 to 2023.
Steven Joseph Lopes is an American Catholic prelate. He is the bishop and ordinary of the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter, a community for clergy and laypeople who celebrate according to the Anglican Use within the Catholic Church.
Spiritus Domini is an apostolic letter in the form of a motu proprio by Pope Francis signed on 10 January 2021 and released the next day. It changed the 1983 Code of Canon Law to allow women to be admitted to the instituted ministries of acolyte and lector (reader), which had until then been exclusively available to men.
Traditionis custodes is an apostolic letter issued motu proprio by Pope Francis, promulgated on 16 July 2021 regarding the continued use of pre-Vatican II rites. It restricts the celebration of the Tridentine Mass of the Roman Rite, sometimes colloquially called the "Latin Mass" or the "Traditional Latin Mass". The apostolic letter was accompanied by an ecclesiastical letter to the Catholic bishops of the world.
Liturgical use of Latin is the practice of performing Christian liturgy in Ecclesiastical Latin, typically in the liturgical rites of the Latin Church.
In the Catholic Church, preconciliar Latin liturgical rites coexist with postconciliar rites. In the years following the Second Vatican Council, Pope Paul VI initiated significant changes. Some of Paul VI's contemporaries, who considered the changes to be too drastic, obtained from him limited permission for the continued use of the previous Roman Missal. In the years since, the Holy See has granted varying degrees of permission to celebrate the Roman Rite and other Latin rites in the same manner as before the council. The use of preconciliar rites is associated with traditionalist Catholicism.
restoring some of the artistic glory whitewashed or damaged during the 'wreckovation' carried out by misguided 'reformers' in the 1960s and 1970s
The concoction 'wreckovation' refers to the changes made in Catholic churches, such as the taking down of high altars and the removal of communion rails, to render them appropriate, as it was thought, for the celebration of the new rite of Mass
'Wreckovation! That's what I call it,' says Szews. 'With this seating in the round, they want to center the assembly on itself. So I'll have to watch people blow their noses and their children behave badly.'
November 1977 BCL statements 'Environment and Art in Catholic Worship'
The 'wreckovation' as conservatives refer to it, continued into the 1990s
Everything reflects this minimalism, and a general 'protestant' air prevails in church design (or redesign – 'wreckovation' as it is sometimes aptly called)
the man whose name has become synonymous with church 'wreckovations,' and who has made a fortune demolishing beautiful churches, stated flatly: 'What's important is not the church building'
The current paint job on the ceiling and pillars is not original to the church; Popielarz calls it part of a 'wreckovation of the 1980s.'
The Heilige Barbarakerk was effected by this Wreckovation in the cleansing of the choir, a new main podium and altar and a new layout of the church benches and baptistery
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