Xanthobacter flavus

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Xanthobacter flavus
Scientific classification
Domain:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
X. flavus
Binomial name
Xanthobacter flavus
Malik and Claus 1979 [1]
Type strain
ATCC 35867, BCRC 12271, CCM 4469, CCRC 12271, CIP 105434, DSM 338, IFO 14759, JCM 1204, Kalininskaya 301, LMG 7045, NBRC 14759, NCAIM B.01946, NCIB 10071, NCIMB 10071, NRRL B-14838, strain 301, VKM B-2106, VKM B-2106. [2]
Synonyms

Mycobacterium flavum [3] [4]

Xanthobacter flavus is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing and facultatively autotrophic bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from turf podsol soil in Russia. [1] [3] [5] [6] [7] [8] Xanthobacter flavus has the ability to degrade phenol, oxalate and 1,4-dichlorobenzene. [9] [10] [11] [12]

Contents

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pseudomonadota</span> Phylum of Gram-negative bacteria

Proteobacteria is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of several prokaryote phyla in 2021, including Pseudomonadota, remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier name Proteobacteria, of long standing in the literature. The phylum Proteobacteria includes a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Legionella, and many others. Others are free-living (non-parasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acidobacteriota</span> Phylum of bacteria

Acidobacteriota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. Its members are physiologically diverse and ubiquitous, especially in soils, but are under-represented in culture.

Geoglobus is a hyperthermophilic member of the Archaeoglobaceae within the Euryarchaeota. It consists of two species, the first, G. ahangari, isolated from the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal system located deep within the Gulf of California. As a hyperthermophile, it grows best at a temperature of 88 °C and cannot grow at temperatures below 65 °C or above 90 °C. It possess an S-layer cell wall and a single flagellum. G. ahangari is an anaerobe, using poorly soluble ferric iron (Fe3+) as a terminal electron acceptor. It can grow either autotrophically using hydrogen gas (H2) or heterotrophically using a large number of organic compounds, including several types of fatty acids, as energy sources. G. ahangari was the first archaeon isolated capable of using hydrogen gas coupled to iron reduction as an energy source and the first anaerobe isolated capable of using long-chain fatty acids as an energy source.

The Xanthobacteraceae are a family of bacteria that includes Azorhizobium, a genus of rhizobia. Xanthobacteraceae bacteria are diverse and Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and may be motile or non-motile depending on the specific bacteria. Their cells range in size from 0.4–1.0 × 0.8–6 µm, but when grown in the presence of alcohol as the sole carbon source, they can reach up to 10 µm in length. These bacteria do not form spores and have opaque, slimy colonies that appear slightly yellow due to the presence of zeaxanthin dirhamnoside.

<i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> Species of bacterium

Azospirillum brasilense is a very well studied, nitrogen-fixing (diazotroph), genetically tractable, Gram-negative, alpha-proteobacterium bacterium, first described in Brazil by the group of Johanna Döbereiner and then receiving the name "brasilense". A. brasilense is able to fix nitrogen in the presence of low oxygen levels, making it a microaerobic diazotroph. An isolate from the genus Azospirillum was isolated from nitrogen poor soils in the Netherlands in 1925, however the species A. brasilense was first described in 1978 in Brazil, since this genus is widely found in the rhizospheres of grasses around the world where it confers plant growth promotion. Whether growth promotion occurs through direct nitrogen flux from the bacteria to the plant or through hormone regulation is debated. The two most commonly studied strains are Sp7 and Sp245, both are Brazilian isolates isolated from Tropical grasses from Seropedica, Brazil.

Azoarcus communis is a species of bacteria. It is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Its cells are yellow-pigmented, straight to curved, gram-negative rods. Its type strain is LMG 5514.

Azoarcus olearius is a species of bacteria. It is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Its cells are Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped, surrounded by a thin capsule. Its type strain is DQS-4T.

Azoarcus is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Species in this genus are usually found in contaminated water, as they are involved in the degradation of some contaminants, commonly inhabiting soil. These bacteria have also been found growing in the endophytic compartment of some rice species and other grasses. The genus is within the family Zoogloeaceae in the Rhodocyclales of the Betaproteobacteria.

Azoarcus tolulyticus is a species of bacteria. It is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria. It is notable for degrading toluene. Tol-4 is its type strain.

Alcanivorax pacificus is a pyrene-degrading marine gammaproteobacterium. It is of the genus Alcanivorax, a group of marine bacteria known for degrading hydrocarbons. When originally proposed, the genus Alcanivorax comprised six distinguishable species. However, A. pacificus, a seventh strain, was isolated from deep sea sediments in the West Pacific Ocean by Shanghai Majorbio Bio-pharm Technology Co., Ltd. in 2011. A. pacificus’s ability to degrade hydrocarbons can be employed for cleaning up oil-contaminated oceans through bioremediation. The genomic differences present in this strain of Alcanivorax that distinguish it from the original consortium are important to understand to better utilize this bacteria for bioremediation.

Beijerinckia mobilis is a nitrogen fixing bacteria from the genus of Beijerinckia.

Azospirillum canadense is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from corn rhizospheres. Its type strain is DS2T.

Xanthobacter aminoxidans is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from activated sludge in Russia.

Xanthobacter autotrophicus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pleomorphic and nitrogen-fixing bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from black pool sludge in Germany. Xanthobacter autotrophicus can utilize 1,2-dichloroethane, methanol and propane.

Xanthobacter tagetidis is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from soil from Root balls around the plant Tagetes patula in the United Kingdom. Xanthobacter tagetidis has the ability to grow on substituted thiophenes.

<i>Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans</i> Species of bacterium

Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium species from the genus Paenarthrobacter. This bacterium has the ability to degrade atrazine, nicotine, and creatine. and produces nicotine dehydrogenase

Albibacter methylovorans is a methylotrophic, aerobic and facultatively autotrophic bacteria from the genus Microvirga which has been isolated from dichloromethane contaminated ground water in Switzerland.

Sphingomonas haloaromaticamans is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from water and soil in the Netherlands. Sphingomonas haloaromaticamans has the ability to degrade 1,4-dichlorobenzene.

Azospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, non-fermentative and nitrogen-fixing bacterial genus from the family of Rhodospirillaceae. Azospirillum bacteria can promote plant growth.

Ann Patricia Wood is a retired British biochemist and bacteriologist who specialized in the ecology, taxonomy and physiology of sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic bacteria and how methylotrophic bacteria play a role in the degradation of odour causing compounds in the human mouth, vagina and skin. The bacterial genus Annwoodia was named to honor her contributions to microbial research in 2017.

References

  1. 1 2 LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de
  2. Straininfo of Xanthobacter flavus
  3. 1 2 Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen
  4. Klingmüller, Walter, ed. (1985). Azospirillum III Genetics · Physiology · Ecology Proceedings of the Third Bayreuth Azospirillum Workshop. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN   3-642-70791-2.
  5. Postgate, John (1998). Nitrogen fixation (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   0-521-64853-X.
  6. UniProt
  7. van den Bergh, ER; Baker, SC; Raggers, RJ; Terpstra, P; Woudstra, EC; Dijkhuizen, L; Meijer, WG (February 1996). "Primary structure and phylogeny of the Calvin cycle enzymes transketolase and fructosebisphosphate aldolase of Xanthobacter flavus". Journal of Bacteriology. 178 (3): 888–93. doi:10.1128/jb.178.3.888-893.1996. PMC   177739 . PMID   8550527.
  8. MALIK, K. A.; CLAUS, D. (1 October 1979). "Xanthobacter flavus, a New Species of Nitrogen-Fixing Hydrogen Bacteria". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 29 (4): 283–287. doi: 10.1099/00207713-29-4-283 .
  9. Lowry, Madan; Nagamani, Adimulam; Sreenivasulu, Kuruva; Soligalla, Rupadevi (10 March 2009). "Isolation and Characterization of Phenol-Degrading Soil Bacterium". Bioremediation Journal. 13 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1080/10889860802686388. S2CID   95743853.
  10. Spiess, E; Sommer, C; Görisch, H (November 1995). "Degradation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene by Xanthobacter flavus 14p1". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 61 (11): 3884–8. Bibcode:1995ApEnM..61.3884S. doi:10.1128/AEM.61.11.3884-3888.1995. PMC   167693 . PMID   8526500.
  11. Aizawa, Hiroyasu (2001). Metabolic maps pesticides, environmentally relevant molecules, and biologically active molecules. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press. ISBN   0-12-045605-2.
  12. Khan, Saeed R., ed. (1995). Calcium oxalate in biological systems. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN   0-8493-7673-4.

Further reading