| Yungas pygmy owl | |
|---|---|
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| On the road from Cuzco to Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Peru | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Strigiformes |
| Family: | Strigidae |
| Genus: | Glaucidium |
| Species: | G. bolivianum |
| Binomial name | |
| Glaucidium bolivianum König, 1991 | |
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| Distribution of Yungas pygmy owl Resident | |
The Yungas pygmy owl (Glaucidium bolivianum), is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. [3]
The Yungas pygmy owl has been treated as a subspecies of Andean pygmy owl (Glaucidium jardinii) but since at least the 1990s has been accepted as a species in its own right and sister to G. jardinii. It is monotypic. [4] [3]
The Yungas pygmy owl is about 16 cm (6.3 in) long. Males weigh 55 to 58 g (1.9 to 2.0 oz) and females average 66.5 g (2.35 oz). The species has three color morphs, a rare gray one and common and widespread brown and rufous morphs. All have pale dots on the crown, back, and upper wings and pale bands on the tail. Their napes have "false eyes". Their undersides are pale with brownish streaks on the flanks and belly. [5]
The Yungas pygmy owl is found on the eastern slope of the Andes of Peru south through Bolivia into northwestern Argentina. In elevation it usually ranges between 1,400 and 3,000 m (4,600 and 9,800 ft) but can be found as low as 900 m (3,000 ft) and in Bolivia as high as 3,900 m (12,800 ft). It inhabits montane forest and cloudforest with heavy undergrowth and much moss and epiphytes, and also Podocarpus forest. It usually is found from the mid-levels of the forest into the canopy. [5]
The Yungas pymy owl is primarily nocturnal and crepuscular, though it can be active in daylight. It forages mostly in the canopy and in dense foliage below it for insects and other arthropods, small birds, and possibly reptiles. [5]
Almost nothing is known about the Yungas pygmy owl's breeding phenology. It is thought to nest primarily in old woodpecker holes. [5]
The Yungas pygmy owl's song is a "rather slow series of equally spaced hollow notes" sometimes preceded by two or three whistled notes. [5]
The IUCN has assessed the Yungas pygmy owl as being of Least Concern. [1] Its population size has not been determined but is thought to have declined since the species was described. "Forest destruction and degradation [are] probably [the] main threat[s], although inaccessibility of parts of [its] range should afford some protection." [5]
Pygmy owls are members of the genus Glaucidium. They belong to the typical owl family, Strigidae. The genus consists of 29 species distributed worldwide. These are mostly small owls, and some of the species are called "owlets". Most pygmy owl species are nocturnal and they mainly hunt large insects and other small prey.
The Amazonian pygmy owl, also known as Hardy’s pygmy owl, is an owl found in northern South America and the Amazon Basin. A member of the Strigidae family, it is a true owl.
The blackish nightjar is a species of bird in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The Costa Rican pygmy owl is a small "typical owl" in subfamily Surniinae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
The Central American pygmy owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The Andean pygmy owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The austral pygmy owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Argentina and Chile.
The cloud-forest pygmy owl is a short, muscular, small-sized species of owl found throughout the Andes of western Colombia and north-western Ecuador, being confined to cloud forests between 900–2000 m a.s.l. Below this altitudinal range the Central American pygmy owl occurs; above it, the Andean pygmy owl occurs.
The Colima pygmy owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to the western part of Mexico.
The subtropical pygmy owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The Pacific pygmy owl or Peruvian pygmy owl is a small "typical owl" in subfamily Surniinae. It is found in Chile, Ecuador, and Peru.
The Cuban pygmy owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae that is endemic to Cuba.
The black-capped screech owl, or variable screech owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.
The Yungas screech owl, also known as montane forest screech-owl and Hoy's screech owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia.
The cloud-forest screech owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The West Peruvian screech owl or Peruvian screech owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The smoky-brown woodpecker is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Pernambuco pygmy owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. This species, first described in 2002, is endemic to Pernambuco state in Brazil.
The Guatemalan pygmy owl is a small "typical owl" in subfamily Surniinae. However, some taxonomic systems consider it to be a subspecies of northern pygmy owl. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras.
The foothill screech owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
