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Xiahou Dun,courtesy name Yuanrang,was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He served for a few months under Cao Cao's successor,Cao Pi,before his death. As one of Cao Cao's most trusted generals,Xiahou Dun aided the warlord in his campaigns against LüBu,Liu Bei,Sun Quan and others.
Zhang Liao (169–222),courtesy name Wenyuan,was a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He served briefly in the state of Cao Wei,founded by Cao Cao's successor Cao Pi,in the early Three Kingdoms period before his death. Formerly a subordinate of other warlords such as Ding Yuan,Dong Zhuo and LüBu,Zhang Liao joined Cao Cao around 198 after LüBu's downfall at the Battle of Xiapi. Since then,he participated in many of Cao Cao's military campaigns,including those against Yuan Shao's heirs and the Wuhuan tribes from 201 to 207. He is best known for his pivotal role in the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford in 214–215,in which he successfully defended Hefei from the forces of the warlord Sun Quan.
Liu Bei,courtesy name Xuande (玄德),was a warlord in the late Eastern Han dynasty who founded the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period and became its first ruler. Though he was a distant relative of the Han imperial family,Liu Bei's father died when he was a child and left his family impoverished. To help his mother,he sold shoes and straw mats. When he reached the age of fifteen,his mother sent him to study under scholar and official,Lu Zhi. In his youth,Liu Bei was known as ambitious and charismatic. He gathered a militia army to fight the Yellow Turbans. Liu Bei fought bravely in many battles and grew famous for his exploits. Rather than join the coalition against Dong Zhuo,he joined his childhood friend Gongsun Zan and fought under him against Yuan Shao many times.
Zhang He,courtesy name Junyi,was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He continued serving in the state of Cao Wei under its first two rulers,Cao Pi and Cao Rui,during the Three Kingdoms period until his death.
LüBu,courtesy name Fengxian,was a military general and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of Imperial China. Originally a subordinate of a minor warlord Ding Yuan,he betrayed and murdered Ding Yuan and defected to Dong Zhuo,the warlord who controlled the Han central government in the early 190s. In 192,he turned against Dong Zhuo and killed him after being instigated by Wang Yun and Shisun Rui,but was later defeated and driven away by Dong Zhuo's followers.
Zhang Fei,courtesy name Yide,was a military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. Zhang Fei and Guan Yu,who were among the earliest to join Liu Bei,shared a brotherly relationship with their lord and accompanied him on most of his early exploits. Zhang Fei fought in various battles on Liu Bei's side,including the Red Cliffs campaign (208–209),takeover of Yi Province (212–214),and Hanzhong Campaign (217–218). He was assassinated by his subordinates in 221 after serving for only a few months in the state of Shu Han,which was founded by Liu Bei earlier that year.
Cao Ren,courtesy name Zixiao,was a military general serving during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China under the warlord Cao Cao,who was also his older second cousin. He continued serving in the state of Cao Wei –founded by Cao Cao's son and successor,Cao Pi –during the Three Kingdoms period. He played a significant part in assisting Cao Cao in the civil wars leading to the end of the Han dynasty. He was appointed as the Grand Marshal (大司馬) when Cao Pi ascended the throne,and was also credited by the latter for the establishment of Wei. However,Cao Ren was also once derided as a mediocre commander by Zhu Huan,a general from Wei's rival state Eastern Wu.
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Yu Jin,courtesy name Wenze,was a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He joined Cao Cao in 192 around the start of the civil wars leading to the collapse of the dynasty,and fought in many of the campaigns which established the warlord's position as a central figure in that period. In 219,Yu Jin was tasked with leading forces to relief Cao Cao's general Cao Ren,who was being besieged in Fancheng by Liu Bei's general Guan Yu,but his armies were destroyed in a flood due to heavy rains. Yu Jin surrendered to Guan Yu and became a prisoner-of-war,but was transferred to the custody of another warlord,Sun Quan,after Sun Quan's forces captured Guan Yu's bases in late 219. Sun Quan treated Yu Jin like a guest and in 221 sent him back to the state of Cao Wei,which was founded in late 220 by Cao Cao's successor,Cao Pi,who ended the Eastern Han dynasty. Cao Pi pardoned Yu Jin and restored him to the position of a general. However,Yu Jin died later that year in regret after visiting Cao Cao's tomb,where he saw illustrations of the Battle of Fancheng depicting his surrender to Guan Yu.
Xun You (157–214),courtesy name Gongda,was a statesman who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China and served as an adviser to the warlord Cao Cao. Born in the influential Xun family of Yingchuan Commandery,Xun You was recruited into the civil service by the general He Jin. When the warlord Dong Zhuo hijacked and controlled the Han central government between 189 and 192,Xun You plotted with four others to assassinate him but was discovered and imprisoned. Following his release after Dong Zhuo's death,he wanted to serve as the Administrator of Shu Commandery but eventually settled as an official in Jing Province.
Jia Xu,courtesy name Wenhe,was an official of the state of Cao Wei during the early Three Kingdoms period of China. He started his career in the late Eastern Han dynasty as a minor official. In 189,when the warlord Dong Zhuo took control of the Han central government,he assigned Jia Xu to the unit led by Niu Fu,his son-in-law. In 192,after Dong Zhuo was assassinated by LüBu,Jia Xu advised Li Jue,Guo Si and Dong Zhuo's loyalists to fight back and seize control of the imperial capital,Chang'an,from a new central government headed by LüBu and Wang Yun. After Li Jue and the others defeated LüBu and occupied Chang'an,Jia Xu served under the central government led by them. During this time,he ensured the safety of the figurehead Han emperor,Emperor Xian,who was being held hostage by Li Jue. He also attempted to prevent internal conflict between Li Jue and Guo Si,but with limited success. After Emperor Xian escaped from Chang'an,Jia Xu left Li Jue and briefly joined the general Duan Wei before becoming a strategist of the warlord Zhang Xiu. While serving under Zhang Xiu,he advised his lord on how to counter invasions by the warlord Cao Cao,who had received Emperor Xian in 196 and taken control of the central government. In 200,during the Battle of Guandu between Cao Cao and his rival Yuan Shao,Jia Xu urged Zhang Xiu to reject Yuan Shao's offer to form an alliance and instead surrender to Cao Cao. Zhang Xiu heeded his advice. Jia Xu then became one of Cao Cao's strategists.
Tian Feng,courtesy name Yuanhao,was an official and adviser serving under the warlord Yuan Shao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Cao Hong,courtesy name Zilian,was a Chinese military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He started his career in the late Eastern Han dynasty under the warlord Cao Cao,who was his older second cousin.
Cui Yan (165–216),courtesy name Jigui,was a Chinese politician serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. In his early life,he served briefly in the local district office before leaving home to study under the tutelage of the Confucian scholar Zheng Xuan. In the late 190s,Cui Yan became a subordinate of the northern warlord Yuan Shao but did not make any significant achievements under the latter,who ignored his suggestions. Following Yuan Shao's death in 202,Cui Yan was imprisoned when he refused to help either of Yuan's sons—Yuan Shang and Yuan Tan—in their struggle over their father's territories. After he was freed,Cui Yan came to serve under Cao Cao,the de facto head of the Han central government. Throughout his years of service under Cao Cao,Cui Yan performed his duties faithfully and diligently,maintaining law and order within his bureau and recommending talents to join the civil service. In 216,in an incident widely regarded as a case of grievous injustice,Cui Yan was accused of defaming Cao Cao in a letter and ended up being stripped of his post,thrown into prison and subsequently forced to commit suicide.
Chen Gui,courtesy name Hanyu,was a Chinese politician who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
The war between Cao Cao and Zhang Xiu was fought between the warlords Cao Cao and Zhang Xiu between 197 and 199 in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. It concluded with Zhang Xiu's surrender to Cao Cao.
The Battle of Xiapi was fought between the forces of LüBu against the allied armies of Cao Cao and Liu Bei from the winter of 198 to 7 February 199 towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty in China. The battle concluded with victory for Cao Cao and Liu Bei.
Zhang Cheng,courtesy name Gongxian,was an official serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Zhao Yan,courtesy name Boran,was a government official and military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty.
References
- 1 2 ([獻帝興平二年]秋， ... 曹操圍雍丘，張邈詣袁術求救，未至，為其下所殺。) Zizhi Tongjian vol. 61.
- ↑ (張邈字孟卓，東平壽張人也。少以俠聞，振窮救急，傾家無愛，士多歸之。太祖、袁紹皆與邈友。) Sanguozhi vol. 7.
- ↑ (辟公府，以高第拜騎都尉，遷陳留太守。) Sanguozhi vol. 7.
- ↑ (董卓之亂，太祖與邈首舉義兵。汴水之戰，邈遣衞茲將兵隨太祖。袁紹旣為盟主，有驕矜色，邈正議責紹。紹使太祖殺邈，太祖不聽，責紹曰：「孟卓，親友也，是非當容之。今天下未定，不宜自相危也。」邈知之，益德太祖。) Sanguozhi vol. 7.
- ↑ (紹旣怨邈，且聞與布厚，乃令曹操殺邈。操不聽，然邈心不自安。) Houhanshu vol. 75.
- ↑ (太祖之征陶謙，勑家曰；「我若不還，往依孟卓。」後還，見邈，垂泣相對。其親如此。) Sanguozhi vol. 7.
- ↑ (道經陳留，太守張邈遣使迎之，相待甚厚，臨別把臂言誓。) Houhanshu vol. 75.
- ↑ (紹聞之，大恨。邈畏太祖終為紹擊己也，心不自安。) Sanguozhi vol. 7.
- ↑ (興平元年，太祖復征謙，邈弟超，與太祖將陳宮、從事中郎許汜、王楷共謀叛太祖。宮說邈曰：「今雄傑並起，天下分崩，君以千里之衆，當四戰之地，撫劒顧眄，亦足以為人豪，而反制於人，不以鄙乎！今州軍東征，其處空虛，呂布壯士，善戰無前，若權迎之，共牧兖州，觀天下形勢，俟時事之變通，此亦縱橫之一時也。」邈從之。 ... 太祖初使宮將兵留屯東郡，遂以其衆東迎布為兖州牧，據濮陽。郡縣皆應，唯鄄城、東阿、范為太祖守。) Sanguozhi vol. 7.
- ↑ (太祖引軍還，與布戰於濮陽，太祖軍不利，相持百餘日。是時歲旱、蟲蝗、少穀，百姓相食，布東屯山陽。二年間，太祖乃盡復收諸城，擊破布於鉅野。布東奔劉備。) Sanguozhi vol. 7.
- ↑ (邈從布，留超將家屬屯雍丘。太祖攻圍數月，屠之，斬超及其家。邈詣袁術請救未至，自為其兵所殺。) Sanguozhi vol. 7.
- ↑ (獻帝春秋曰：袁術議稱尊號，邈謂術曰：「漢據火德，絕而復揚，德澤豐流，誕生明公。公居軸處中，入則享于上席，出則為衆目之所屬，華、霍不能增其高，淵泉不能同其量，可謂巍巍蕩蕩，無與為貳。何為捨此而欲稱制？恐福不盈眥，禍將溢世。莊周之稱郊祭犧牛，養飼經年，衣以文繡，宰執鸞刀，以入廟門，當此之時，求為孤犢不可得也！」案本傳，邈詣術，未至而死。而此云諫稱尊號，未詳孰是。) Xiandi Chunqiu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 7.
- Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Fan, Ye (5th century). Book of the Later Han (Houhanshu).
- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
- Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian .